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{{Infobox launch pad
| name = Site 110
| site =[[Baikonur Cosmodrome]]
| location = {{coord|45.9647|N|63.3049|E}}
| operator =
| inclination =
| tlaunches = 5
| pads = 2
| paddetails = {{Infobox launch pad/pad
| designation = Site 110/37
| status = Inactive
| launches = 3
| first = 26 June 1971
| last = 15 November 1988
| rockets = [[N1 (rocket)|N1]]<br/>[[Energia]] }} {{Infobox launch pad/pad
| designation = Site 110/38
| status = Inactive (destroyed)
| launches = 2
| first = 21 February 1969
| last = 3 July 1969
| rockets = [[N1 (rocket)|N1]]<br/>[[Energia]] (unused) }}
}}
'''Site 110''' at the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]] is a launch facility which was used by the [[N1 (rocket)|N1]] rocket during the late 1960s and early 1970s, and by the [[Energia]] rocket during the 1980s.

==Site==
Site 110 consists of a two launch pads: The right (or east) pad, called "110/38" or "110R", was completed first. It was followed by the left (or west) pad, called "110/37" or "110L". The complex was built in the 1960s as part of the [[Soviet manned lunar programs|Soviet manned lunar programme]], for use by the [[N1 (rocket)|N1]] rocket.

A total of five launches were made from the complex: Four N1 launches as well as one Energia launch carrying a ''[[Buran program|Buran]]'' [[spaceplane]]. Following the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] the Energia and [[Buran program]]mes were cancelled, and the complex was abandoned.

==Usage==
===N1===
Site 110 was intended as the launch site for manned lunar landing missions using the [[Soyuz 7K-L3]] spacecraft and the [[LK (spacecraft)|LK]] lander. The N1 made four flights, all of which were launched from Site 110, and all of which failed before the first stage had completed its burn.

The first launch from the complex occurred from Site 110/38 on 21 February 1969, and was followed by another launch from the same pad on 3 July 1969.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/sites/baic110r.htm|title=Baikonur LC110R|first=Mark|last=Wade|work=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=5 July 2011}}</ref> During the second launch the number 8 engine exploded a quarter of a second after liftoff, starting a fire at the base of the rocket. The rocket cleared the tower but by 12 seconds into the flight the fire had caused all but one of the remaining engines to fail, and the rocket fell back onto the launch pad. The resulting explosion destroyed the right pad, shattered windows six kilometres from the pad, and could be seen {{convert|35|km}} away in [[Baikonur|Leninsk]]. It took over eighteen months to rebuild the pad.<ref name=5L>{{cite web|last=Wade|first=Mark|title=1969.07.03 - N1 5L launch|url=http://www.astronautix.com/details/n15h5170.htm|work=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=5 July 2011}}</ref>

N1 launches resumed on 26 June 1971, with the first from the left pad. Following its failure, and the failure of another launch on 23 November 1972, the development N1 was abandoned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/sites/baic110l.htm|title=Baikonur LC110L|first=Mark|last=Wade|work=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=5 July 2011}}</ref>

===Energia===
Both N1 pads at Site 110 were then rebuilt for launching Energia rockets<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/sites/baic110l.htm|title=Baikonur LC110L|first=Mark|last=Wade|work=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=5 July 2011}}</ref> and adapted for manned flights. The two rotating service towers on both pads were reduced in height by {{convert|60|m|ft|abbr=off}} to match the shorter stack height of the Energia rocket.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shayler|first1=David J.|title=Space rescue ensuring the safety of manned spaceflight|date=2009|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=0387739963|page=87|edition=Online-Ausg.|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=wEHL8MIhRa8C&pg=PA87#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=1 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="RSW">{{cite web|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/baikonur_energia_110.html|title=Baikonur: Energia-Buran Facilities: Site 110|first=Anatoly|last=Zak|work=RussianSpaceWeb|accessdate=5 July 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110703141245/http://www.russianspaceweb.com/baikonur_energia_110.html| archivedate= 3 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}</ref> A third pad was constructed from the ground up at [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 250|Site 250]] for testing and unmanned launches. Energia rockets only flew twice. The first flight (''Energia-[[Polyus (spacecraft)|Polyus]]'') on 15 May 1987 was made from Site 250, and the second flight (''Energia-[[Buran (spacecraft)|Buran]]'') from Site 110/37.

The only Energia launch from Site 110 occurred at 03:00 UTC on 15 November 1988, carrying the first [[Buran program|''Buran'']] shuttle on an unmanned test flight.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wade |first=Mark |title=Energia |url=http://www.astronautix.com/fam/energia.htm |work=Encyclopedia Astronautica |accessdate=5 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011011357/http://astronautix.com/fam/energia.htm |archivedate=11 October 2011 |df= }}</ref>

===Later use===
Today both launch pads at Site 110 are still standing, but have fallen into disrepair. Site 110 was considered as a location for the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 250#Angara|Bayterek Launch Complex]], which is to be built at Baikonur for [[Angara (rocket family)|Angara]] launches, however Baikonur's other Energia launch complex, Site 250, was chosen instead. [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 200|Site 200/40]], a [[Proton (rocket)|Proton]] launch complex, had also been under consideration.<ref name="RSW250">{{cite web|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/baikonur_energia_250.html |title=Baikonur: Energia-Buran Facilities: Site 250 |first=Anatoly |last=Zak |work=RussianSpaceWeb |accessdate=5 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903023615/http://www.russianspaceweb.com:80/baikonur_energia_250.html |archivedate=3 September 2011 |df= }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Baikonur Cosmodrome launch sites}}

{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}

[[Category:Baikonur Cosmodrome]]

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