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Роман Курносенко at 17:33, 23 July 2016

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{{BLP sources|date=April 2013}}
{{Infobox monarch
| name =Ahmad Alaq
| title =[[Khan (title)|Khan]]
| image =
| caption =
| reign = Eastern [[Moghulistan]] ([[East Turkestan|Uyghurstan]]): 1487–1503
| coronation =
| full name =
| predecessor =[[Yunus Khan]]
| successor =[[Mansur Khan (Moghul Khan)|Mansur Khan]]
| spouse =
| issue =
| royal house =
| dynasty =
| father =[[Yunus Khan]]
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =1503
| death_place =
| date of burial =
| place of burial =
|}}
'''Ahmad Alaq''' (died 1503) ({{lang-ug|أحمد|}}), was Khan of eastern [[Moghulistan]] ([[East Turkestan|Uyghurstan]]) from 1487 to 1503. He was the second son of [[Yunus Khan]]. His mother was Shah Begum, fourth daughter of [[Badakhshan]] prince [[Sultan Muhammad (Badakhshan)|Lali]], who was considered to be the descendant of [[Alexander the Great]].

==Life==
During his father's lifetime Ahmad was behind several rebellions against him. When Yunus Khan took up residence in [[Tashkent]] in 1484, Ahmad and a large body of Moghuls fled to the steppes. In 1487, Ahmad's father died and was succeeded in the territory he still controlled by another son, [[Mahmud Khan (Moghul Khan)|Mahmud Khan]].

Ahmad's reign was marked by conflicts with several of his neighbors. Conflict in the [[Ming Turpan Border Wars]] over [[Hami City|Hami]] with the [[Ming Dynasty]] [[China]] resulted in an economic blockade of the region, which allowed the Chinese to eventually emerge victorious. A campaign against the [[Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat]], of the Dughlats of the South-West [[Tarim Basin]], who were in theory vassals of the Moghul khans, resulted in the temporary acquisition of [[Kashgar]] in around 1499. In the same year he concluded Peace Agreement with [[Ming China]] that gave him opportunity to launch three expeditions against the [[Kalmyks]] in Northern part of Moghulistan ( ''Jettisu'' ), who occupied this region since reign of [[Esen Taish]]i and his son Amasanji Taishi . Ahmad twice completely defeated them. Because he slaughtered many Kalmyks during these expeditions he was nicknamed '' Alach '', i.e. ''Slaughterer''.

In the early 16th century, Ahmad and Mahmud decided to counter the growing power of the [[Uzbeks]] under [[Muhammad Shaybani]]. The two brothers united the forces and launched a campaign against the Uzbeks, but Muhammad Shaybani proved victorious in battle and took them both prisoner ([[Babur]] also was among his uncles' army and participated in this battle in [[Ferghana Valley]], that had turned into disaster, but managed to flee south and hide in mountains with his mother, Kutluk Nigar Khanim, daughter of [[Yunus Khan]], and few followers). They were soon released, but Ahmad died shortly afterwards, in 1503. He was succeeded in Uyghurstan by his eldest son [[Mansur Khan (Moghul Khan)|Mansur Khan]].

According to [[Mirza Muhammad Haidar, Dughlat]] he had 19 sons total, most prominent of whom were:
*[[Mansur Khan (Moghul Khan)|Mansur Khan]]- ruler of eastern Moghulistan or Uyghurstan from 1503 to 1543 (included the cities [[Aksu, Xinjiang|Aksu]], [[Uqturpan County|Uch Turpan]], [[Baicheng County|Bai]], [[Kucha]], Chalish or [[Karashahr]], [[Turpan]] and [[Kumul (city)|Kumul]]).
*[[Sultan Said Khan]]- seized power from Dughlat Amirs' Dynasty of Yarkand state in 1514 (known at the time as ''Mamlakati Yarkand'' or ''Kashgar Emirate'', included the cities of [[Kashgar]], [[Yarkant County|Yarkand]], [[Yengisar County|Yangihissar]], [[Hotan]] and, for short periods, [[Aksu, Xinjiang|Aksu]] and [[Uqturpan County|Uch Turpan]]) in West [[Kashgaria]]. In 1516 the western and eastern parts of Kashgaria were united in one centralized state: Kashgar and Uyghurstan. Died in 1533 of [[asthma]] during a military expedition in ''Ursang'' ( Great Tibet ).
*Sultan Khalil Sultan- ruler of western Moghulistan from 1503 to 1508 (present [[Kyrgyzstan]]). He drowned in a river near ''Akhsi'' in the [[Fergana Valley]] after he was captured by Uzbek sultans.
*Chin Temur Sultan- was in the service of both Sultan Said Khan and Mansur Khan, but eventually fled to join [[Babur]] in [[India]]. He died of dysentery in [[Agra]] and was buried there.
*Yunus Temur Sultan - fled from the service of Sultan Said Khan and Mansur Khan and joined Babur in India.

==Genealogy==

<big>'''Genealogy of Chughatai Khanates'''</big>

In Babr Nama written by [[Babur]], Page 19, Chapter 1; described genealogy of his maternal grandfather Yunas Khan as:

"Yunas Khan descended from Chaghatai Khan, the second
son of Chingiz Khan (as follows,) Yunas Khan, son of Wais
Khan, son of Sher-'ali Aughlon, son of Muhammad Khan, son
of Khizr Khwaja Khan, son of Tughluq-timur Khan, son of
Aisan-bugha Khan, son of Dawa Khan, son of Baraq Khan,
son of Yesuntawa Khan, son of Muatukan, son of Chaghatai
Khan, son of Chingiz Khan"

<ref>The Babur Nama in English, Zahiru'd-din Mubammad Babur Padshah Ghdzt, ANNETTE SUSANNAH BEVERIDGE</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; page-break-inside:avoid"
|+ '''Genealogy of Sultan Ahmad Khan according to ''Tarikh-i- Rashidi'' of [[Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat]]
|- valign="top"
| style="border:none;"| <ol start="1">
<li>[[Chingiz Khan]]</li>
<li>[[Chaghatai Khan]]</li>
<li>[[Mutukan]]</li>
<li>[[Yesü Nto'a]]</li>
<li>[[Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq]]</li>
<li>[[Duwa]]</li>
<li>[[Esen Buqa I]]</li>
</ol>
| style="border:none"| <ol start="8">
<li>[[Tughlugh Timur]]</li>
<li>[[Khizr Khoja]]</li>
<li>[[Muhammad Khan (Khan of Moghulistan)]]</li>
<li>[[Shir Ali Oglan]]</li>
<li>[[Uwais Khan]](Vaise Khan)</li>
<li>[[Yunus Khan]]</li>
<li>Ahmad Alaq''</li>
</ol>
| style="border:none"| <ol start="15">
<li>[[Sultan Said Khan]]</li>
<li>[[Abdurashid Khan]]</li>
<li>[[Abdul Karim Khan (Yarkand)]]</li>
</ol>
|}

<ref>The Tarikh-i-Rashidi: a history of the Moghuls of central Asia by Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat; Editor: N. Elias,Translated by Sir Edward Denison Ross,Publisher:S. Low, Marston and co., 1895</ref>

==Chughtai Khanate==
{{s-start}}
{{s-bef | before=[[Yunus Khan]]}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Chagatai Khans|Moghul Khan]] '''(in [[East Turkestan|Uyghurstan]]) | years='''1487–1503}}
{{s-aft | after=[[Mansur Khan (Moghul Khan)|Mansur Khan]]}}
{{end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat]]. ''Tarih-i-Rashidi'' ( History of [[Abdurashid Khan|Rashid]] ) or ''The history of Moghuls''. Written in [[Kashmir]] in [[Chagatai language|Chagatai]] language in 1541-February,1547. Translated by Edward Denison Ross. [[London]], 1895. ISBN 81-86787-02-X, ISBN 81-86787-00-3<br />
M.Kutlukov. ''About emergence of the [[Yarkant County|Yarkand]] State''. [[Almaty]], 1990

{{DEFAULTSORT:Alaq, Ahmad}}
[[Category:1503 deaths]]
[[Category:Chagatai khans]]
[[Category:Uyghurs]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Descendants of Genghis Khan]]

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Роман Курносенко at 17:33, 23 July 2016