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{{multiple issues|
{{Cleanup-rewrite|date=December 2009}}
{{USgovtPOV|date=December 2009}}
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{{Infobox War on Terror detainee
| name = Abu Bakker Qassim
| image =
| image_size = 220px
| caption = Left to Right: [[Ahmed Adil]], [[Adil Abdul Hakim]], Abu Bakr Qassim
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1969|05|13}}
| birth_place = [[Ghulja]], [[China]]
| death_date =
| detained_at = [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp|Guantanamo]]
| id_number = 283
| group =
| alias =
| charge = No charge (held in [[extrajudicial detention]])
| penalty =
| status = Determined not to have been an enemy combatant after all. Transferred to an [[Albania]]n refugee camp.
| occupation =
| spouse =
| parents =
| children =
}}
'''Abu Bakker Qassim''' is a [[Uyghur people|Uyghur]] from [[China]]'s western frontier, [[Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]] who was held in the [[United States]] [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp]]s, in [[Cuba]].<ref name=DoDList2>
{{Cite web| url=http://www.dod.mil/news/May2006/d20060515%20List.pdf|format=PDF| title=List of Individuals Detained by the Department of Defense at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba from January 2002 through May 15, 2006| author=[[OARDEC]]| publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]]| date=May 15, 2006| accessdate=2007-09-29| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070930184034/http://www.dod.mil/news/May2006/d20060515%20List.pdf| archivedate= 30 September 2007 | deadurl= no}}</ref>
His Guantanamo [[Internment Serial Number]] was 283.

After being classified as "[[no longer enemy combatant]]" (NLEC) by the [[Combatant Status Review Tribunal]] (CSRT) he continued to be held in Cuba, in [[Camp Iguana]] until he was released and transferred to Albania.<ref name=DoD>[http://www.defenselink.mil/releases/2006/nr20060505-12980.html detainee release announced], ''[[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]'', May 5, 2006</ref> On September 17, 2006 he published an op-ed on [[The New York Times]]
to ask the American lawmakers and people not to eliminate [[habeas corpus]].<ref name=NYTimes20060917>
{{Cite news
| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/17/opinion/17qassim.html
| title=The View From Guantánamo
| publisher=[[New York Times]]
| author=Abu Bakker Qassim
| date=September 17, 2006
| accessdate=2008-04-23
| quote=
}}</ref>

==Background==
In late 2001, Qassim was captured along with his compatriot [[A'Del Abdu al-Hakim]] by Pakistani bounty hunters.<ref name=ParhatVGatesCase06-1397>
{{Cite web
| url=http://www.pegc.us/archive/Parhat_v_Gates/pet_mot_po_20061218.pdf
|format=PDF| title=Parhat v. Gates Case No: 06-1397
| publisher=[[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]]
| date=December 18, 2006
| accessdate=2007-09-14
| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071009201525/http://www.pegc.us/archive/Parhat_v_Gates/pet_mot_po_20061218.pdf| archivedate= 9 October 2007 | deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name=ChristianScienceMonitor20060213>
{{Cite news
| date=February 13, 2006
| title=Innocent, but in limbo at Guantánamo: Five Chinese Muslims, captured in Pakistan by mistake, try to get the US Supreme Court to take their case.
| author=[[Warren Richey]]
| publisher=[[Christian Science Monitor]]
}}</ref>
Qassim and al-Hakim were transferred to U.S. custody by the Pakistani forces and held in [[Afghanistan]] for approximately six months, and were transferred to "[[Camp Delta]]," on the [[Guantanamo Bay Naval Base]], where they were detained as "[[enemy combatant]]s." President Bush had ruled that the detainees were "[[illegal combatant]]s" by administrative fiat. Following legal challenges, the Bush administration was forced to provide a mechanism to review the Guantanamo detainees status.

==Combatant Status Review==
{{main|Combatant Status Review Tribunal}}
[[File:ISN 283's Guantanamo detainee assessment.pdf|thumb|Abu Bakr Oasim's [[Guantanamo detainee]] assessment]]

Qassim was among the 60% of prisoners who participated in the tribunal hearings.<ref>[[OARDEC]], [http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/detainees/csrt_arb/index_CSRT_detainees_testimony.pdf Index to Transcripts of Detainee Testimony and Documents Submitted by Detainees at Combatant Status Review Tribunals Held at Guantanamo Between July 2004 and March 2005], September 4, 2007</ref> A [[Summary of Evidence (CSRT)|Summary of Evidence memo]] was prepared for the tribunal of each detainee. The memo for his hearing lists the following:<ref name=CsrtSummaryOfEvidenceAbuBakrQasim>
{{Cite web
| url=http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/detainees/csrt_arb/000300-000399.pdf#26
| title=Summary of Evidence for Combatant Status Review Tribunal -- Qasim, Abu Bakr
| date=29 October 2004
| pages=26
| author=[[OARDEC]]
| publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]]
| accessdate=2008-04-23
| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080507052607/http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/detainees/csrt_arb/000300-000399.pdf| archivedate= 7 May 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref>

===Transcript===
Qassim chose to participate in his [[Combatant Status Review Tribunal]].<ref name=CsrtAbuBakkerQassim>
{{Cite web
| url={{DoD detainees ARB|Set_12_1179-1239.pdf#39}}
| title=Summarized Statement
| date=n.d.
| origyear=date redacted
|pages=39–48
| author=[[OARDEC]]
| publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]]
| accessdate=2008-04-23
}}</ref>
On March 3, 2006, in response to a [[court order]] from [[Jed Rakoff]] the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] published a ten-page summarized transcript from his Combatant Status Review Tribunal.<ref name=TheAge20060404>
{{Cite news
| url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/World/US-releases-Guantanamo-files/2006/04/04/1143916500334.html
| title=US releases Guantanamo files
| publisher=[[The Age]]
| date=April 4, 2006
| accessdate=2008-03-15
| quote=
}}</ref>

{{Uyghur detainee}}
:{| class="wikitable"
|
:Abu Bakr Qasim is a 35-year-old ethnic Uighur and a Chinese citizen, born in 1969, in Ghulja, China. He claims to have fled China in an effort to escape Chinese oppression of the Uigher {{Sic}} people. After fleeing China, the detainee traveled to Afghanistan. He was last interviewed in mid-2004. He has no reported incidents of violence in his discipline history. Qasim is suspected as being a probable member of the East Turkistan Islamic Movement (ETIM). He is suspected of having received training in an ETIM training camp in Afghanistan.<ref>{{wikisource-inline|Information paper: Uighur Detainee Population at JTF-GTMO}}</ref>
|}

==Determined not to have been an Enemy Combatant==
The [[Washington Post]] reports that Qasim was one of 38 detainees who was determined not to have been an enemy combatant during his Combatant Status Review Tribunal.<ref name=DoDNlecList20071119>
{{Cite news
| url=http://media.miamiherald.com/smedia/2008/03/27/20/NLEC_DetaineeList.source.prod_affiliate.56.pdf
|format=PDF| title=Detainees Found to No Longer Meet the Definition of "Enemy Combatant" during Combatant Status Review Tribunals Held at Guantanamo
| publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]]
| author=
| date=November 19, 2007
| accessdate=2008-04-15
| quote=
}}</ref>
The Department of Defense refers to these men as [[No Longer Enemy Combatants]].

===Reclassification===
In March 2005, the CSRT finalized its determination that they were NLECs. Qassim and Hakim were not informed of this determination until May 2005. The United States did not release the men, but did not return them to China because to do so would be a violation of US law prohibiting the deportation of individuals to countries where they would likely be tortured. The U.S. refused to admit them to the United States. Qassim, Hakim and other non-enemy combattants who could not be repatriated were transferred from the general prison population to Camp Iguana in August 2005.

Qassim was one of the 38 detainees whose [[Combatant Status Review Tribunal]] concluded he had not been an "illegal combatants". Some of those detainees were repatriated, once they were determined NLECs. Others, like, Qassim, and [[Sami Al Laithi]], face possible torture if they are returned.

==Seeking asylum==
In March 2005, attorneys for Qassim challenged his continued detention by filing a Petition for a Writ of Habeas Corpus in federal district court in Washington DC in the case of [[Qassim v. Bush]]. In December Judge [[James Robertson (judge)|James Robertson]] reviewed the detention of Qassim and [[A'Del Abdu al-Hakim]].<ref name=Forbes051213>[http://www.forbes.com/home/feeds/ap/2005/12/13/ap2389374.html Judge Weighs Order to Release Two at Gitmo], ''[[Forbes]]'', December 13, 2005</ref>
Robertson declared that their "indefinite imprisonment at Guantanamo Bay is unlawful," but also ruled on separation of powers grounds that he did not have the power to order their release into the United States.<ref name=NYPost051222>[http://breakingnews.nypost.com/dynamic/stories/G/GUANTANAMO_DETAINEES?SITE=NYNYP&SECTION=SPORTS&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT Two Guantanamo Detainees to Stay in Custody] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050401094851/http://breakingnews.nypost.com/dynamic/stories/G/GUANTANAMO_DETAINEES?SITE=NYNYP&SECTION=SPORTS&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT |date=April 1, 2005 }}, ''[[New York Post]]'', December 22, 2005</ref> Qassim and Hakim immediately appealed.

A February 18, 2006 article in the [[Washington Times]] reported that Abu Bakker Qassim and [[A'Del Abdu al-Hakim]] had received military training in Afghanistan.<ref name=WashTimes060218>[http://washingtontimes.com/world/20060217-105337-6696r.htm U.S. hit on human rights], ''[[Washington Times]]'', February 18, 2006</ref>
It said they were not classified as "illegal combatants" because they intended to go home and employ their training against the [[China|Chinese]] government. Some earlier reports had described them as economic refugees, who were slowly working their way to Turkey.

On April 17, 2006 the [[US Supreme Court]] rejected Qassim's request to hear his appeal.<ref name=Abc060417>[http://abcnews.go.com/US/LegalCenter/story?id=1851981&page=1 Supreme Court Rejects Appeal of Guantanamo Bay Detainees: Detainees' Biggest Obstacle Was the Timing of Their Appeal], ''[[ABC News]]'', April 17, 2006</ref>
His appeal was scheduled to be heard by the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit on May 8, 2006.

{{Albanian asylum}}

==Press reports==
On May 24, 2006 Abu Bakr Qasim told interviewers that he and his compatriots felt isolated in Albania.<ref name=Upi060524>[http://www.upi.com/NewsTrack/view.php?StoryID=20060524-090448-4618r 5 Guantanamo Uyghurs baffled in Albania], ''[[United Press International]]'', May 24, 2006</ref> Qasim described his disappointment with the United States, who the Uyghurs had been hoping would support the Uyghurs quest for Uyghur autonomy.

In an interview with [[ABC News]] in May, 2006, Qasim said that members of the American-Uyghur community had come forward and assured the American government that they would help him and his compatriots adapt to life in America, if they were given asylum in America.<ref name=Abc060523>[http://abcnews.go.com/International/print?id=1997083 Guantanamo's Innocents: Newly Released Prisoners Struggle to Find a Home], ''[[ABC News]], May 23, 2006</ref>

To the [[BBC]] he said in January 2007 that "Guantanamo was a five-year nightmare, We're trying to forget it."<ref name=Bbc110107>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6242891.stm Guantanamo Uighurs' strange odyssey], ''[[BBC]]'', January 11, 2007</ref>"''
{{Main|Uyghur detainees in Guantanamo}}

On June 15, 2008 the [[McClatchy News Service]] published articles based on interviews with 66 former Guantanamo captives. McClatchy reporters interviewed Abu Baqr Qassim.<ref name=McClatchyCaptiveDatabasePg2>
{{Cite news
|url=http://services.mcclatchyinteractive.com/detainees?page=2
|title=Guantanamo Inmate Database: Page 2
|publisher=[[McClatchy News Service]]
|author=[[Tom Lasseter]]
|date=June 15, 2008
|accessdate=2008-06-16
|quote=
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620093342/http://services.mcclatchyinteractive.com/detainees?page=2
|archivedate=20 June 2008
|deadurl=bot: unknown
|df=
}}
</ref><ref name=McClatchyAbuBaqrQassim>
{{Cite news
|url=http://detainees.mcclatchydc.com/detainees/24
|title=Guantanamo Inmate Database: Abu Baqr Qassim
|publisher=[[McClatchy News Service]]
|author=[[Tom Lasseter]]
|date=June 15, 2008
|accessdate=2008-06-16
|quote=
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626183755/http://detainees.mcclatchydc.com/detainees/24
|archivedate=26 June 2008
|deadurl=bot: unknown
|df=
}}
</ref>
According to the McClatchy reporters his translators encouraged him to hope, while the American guards treated him with brutality:
{{Quotation|
"America has always helped the Uighurs. The American translators told us not to worry, we were merely in the wrong place at the wrong time. We weren't enemies. We were Uighurs."}}

According to the McClatchy report [[Sabin Willet]] told them that China:<ref name=McClatchyAbuBaqrQassim/>
{{Quotation|"...argued to the United Nations that Uighurs should be branded a terrorist organization, in part because they'd been using "art and literature" to "distort historical facts."}}

Abu Baqr Qassim described realizing he had to learn Arabic if he was ever to get out of Guantanamo.<ref name=McClatchyAbuBaqrQassim/>
And when he was transferred to lighter security in a dormitory shared with Arabic speakers and other Uyghurs they set about taking informal Arabic lessons. Abu Baqr Qassim told reporters the Uyghurs request for paper, to make notes, was denied—although the Guantanamo policy states that captives were to be issued a certain number of pages per month, for sending mail. He was punished by being sent to solitary confinement when guards found he had used napkins to take notes. When he got an attorney, and that attorney brought him books, so he could learn English, guards confiscated the books.

Now that he is in Albania, and his prospects of ever getting a passport or visa seem slim, he has started learning Albanian—but without enthusiasm.<ref name=McClatchyAbuBaqrQassim/>

On September 28, 2009 the ''[[Washington Post]]'' quoted Abu Bakker's reaction to the "difficult and sad" decision of fellow Uyghur captive [[Bahtiyar Mahnut]] to remain in Guantanamo, rather than accept an [[right of asylum|asylum]] offer from the government of [[Palau]].<ref name=WashingtonPost2009-09-28>
{{Cite news
| url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/27/AR2009092703076_pf.html
| title=2 Brothers' Grim Tale Of Loyalty And Limbo: To Leave Guantanamo Means Abandoning Family
| publisher=[[Washington Post]]
| date=2009-09-27
| author=Del Quentin Wilber
| archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2009%2F09%2F27%2FAR2009092703076_pf.html&date=2009-09-28
| archivedate=2009-09-28
}}</ref>
His older brother [[Arkin Mahnut]] had traveled to Afghanistan because their family was worried about Bathiyar. Of the Uyghurs remaining in Guantanamo Arkin was the only one not offered asylum in Palau, because he became mentally ill in Guantanamo, and there were no facilities in Palau to treat his mental illness.
Abu Bakker said: {{Quotation|"This is just very difficult and sad. Bahtiyar is turning away freedom for his brother. His brother is only there because of Bahtiyar. I feel sorry for both of them." }}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Biography}}
* [http://www.andyworthington.co.uk/2009/07/21/three-uighurs-talk-about-chinese-interrogation-at-guantanamo/ Three Uighurs Talk About Chinese Interrogation At Guantánamo] Andy Worthington
* [http://www.andyworthington.co.uk/2009/03/27/a-letter-to-barack-obama-from-a-guantanamo-uighur/ A Letter To Barack Obama From A Guantánamo Uighur] Andy Worthington

{{ETIM}}
{{Exonerated Guantanamo captives}}
{{ListUyghurCaptives}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Qasim, Abu Bakr}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chinese extrajudicial prisoners of the United States]]
[[Category:Uyghurs]]
[[Category:Guantanamo detainees known to have been released]]
[[Category:Chinese expatriates in Pakistan]]

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