View source for Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2013}}
{{Infobox Former Subdivision
|conventional_long_name = Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
|native_name = Туркестанская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика
|common_name = Turkestan ASSR
|subdivision = [[Autonomous republic]]
|nation = the [[Russian SFSR]]
|p1 = Russian Turkestan
|flag_p1 = Flag of Russia.svg
|s1 = Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
|flag_s1 = Flag of Uzbek SSR 1925.gif
|s2 = Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic
|flag_s2 = Flag of Turkmen SSR (1925).svg
|s3 = Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
|flag_s3 = Flag of the Tajik ASSR (1929.02-1929.04).svg
|s4 = Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast
|flag_s4 = Flag of Russian SFSR (1918-1937).svg
|s5 = Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast
|flag_s5 = Bandera de la RASS de Karakalpakia 1952.svg
|image_flag = Flag of Turkestan ASSR (1919-1921).svg
|image_map = SovietCentralAsia1922.svg
|image_map_caption = Map of Soviet Central Asia in 1922, indicating the location and extent of the Turkestan ASSR (brown).
|capital = Tashkent
|era = Interwar period
|date_start = 30 April
|year_start = 1918
|date_end = 27 October
|year_end = 1924
|stat_year1 = |stat_area1 = |stat_pop1 = 
|political_subdiv = 
|today = {{flag|Kazakhstan}}<br>{{flag|Uzbekistan}}<br>{{flag|Turkmenistan}}<br>{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}<br>{{flag|Tajikistan}}
}}

The '''Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic''' (initially, the '''Turkestan Socialist Federative Republic'''; 30 April 1918{{spaced ndash}}27 October 1924) was an [[autonomous republic]] of the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]] located in [[Soviet Central Asia]].

During the [[Russian Empire]], the Turkestan ASSR's territory was governed as [[Turkestan Krai]], the [[Emirate of Bukhara]], and the [[Khanate of Khiva]]. From 1905, [[Pan-Turkism|Pan-Turkist]] ideologues like [[Ismail Gasprinski]] aimed to suppress differences among the peoples who spoke [[Turkic languages]], uniting them into one government.<ref name="Yalcin">{{cite book |title=The Rebirth of Uzbekistan: Politics, Economy, and Society in the Post-Soviet Era |first=Resul |last=Yalcin |publisher=Garnet & Ithaca Press |year=2002 |pages=36–38, 163–164 }}</ref> This idea was supported by [[Vladimir Lenin]], and after the [[Russian Revolution]] of 1917, the [[Bolshevik]]s in [[Tashkent]] created the Turkestan ASSR. But in February 1918, the Islamic Council ({{lang-uz|Shuroi Islamia}}) and the Council of Intelligentsia (Uzb. ''Shuroi Ulammo'') met in [[Kokand]] city and [[Basmachi movement#The Kokand autonomy and the start of hostilities|declared a rival Turkestan Autonomous Republic]], battling Bolshevik forces until the 1920s.<ref name="Yalcin"/>

Meanwhile, a power struggle among the Communists ensued between those favoring a Pan-Turkist government like [[Turar Ryskulov]] and [[Tursun Khojaev]], and those in favor of dividing Soviet Turkestan into smaller ethnic or regional units, such as [[Fayzulla Khodzhayev]] and [[Akmal Ikramov]]. The latter group won, as [[national delimitation in Central Asia]] began in 1924.<ref name="Yalcin"/> Upon dissolution, the Turkestan ASSR was split into [[Turkmen SSR]] (now [[Turkmenistan]]), [[Uzbek SSR]] (now [[Uzbekistan]]) with the [[Tajik ASSR]] (now [[Tajikistan]]), [[Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast]] (now [[Kyrgyzstan]]), and [[Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast]] (now [[Karakalpakstan]]).<ref name="Yalcin"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Date
!bgcolor=#dddddd|Name
|-----
| {{sort|01|}}30 April 1918 || Turkestan Soviet Federative Republic (constitution adopted 15 October 1918)
|-----
| {{sort|02|}}24 September 1920 || Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
|-----
| {{sort|03|}}30 December 1922 || Turkestan A.S.S.R. part of Soviet Union (within Russian S.F.S.R.)
|-----
| {{sort|04|}}27 October 1924 || Dissolved
|-----
|}

==Turksovnarkom==
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars ("Turksovnarkom")
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Initial date
!bgcolor=#dddddd|Final date
!bgcolor=#dddddd|Name
|-----
|15 November 1917 || 30 April 1918 || Fyodor Ivanovich Kolesov
|-----
|30 April 1918 || June 1918 || Pyotr Alekseyevich Kobozev
|-----
| June 1918 || 5 October 1918 || Fyodor Ivanovich Kolesov
|-----
|23 October 1918 || 19 January 1919 || Vladislav Damyanovich Figelskiy
|-----
|30 March 1918 || March 1920 || Karp Yeliseyevich Sorokin
|-----
|19 September 1920 || 1922 || Kaikhaziz Sardarovich Atabayev
|-----
|1922|| 12 January 1924 || Turor Risqulovich Risqulov
|-----
|12 January 1924 || 27 October 1924 || Shah Ahmad Islamov
|-----
|}

==References==
* [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Uzbekistan.html#Turkestan Uzbekistan] at worldstatesmen.org, accessed 23 July 2009.
{{reflist}}

{{Autonomous Republics of the Soviet Union}}

{{coord|41.2667|N|69.2167|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

[[Category:Autonomous republics of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Early Soviet republics]]
[[Category:Soviet Central Asia]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1918]]
[[Category:Communism in Kyrgyzstan]]
[[Category:History of Kyrgyzstan]]
[[Category:Communism in Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:History of Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:History of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Communism in Turkmenistan]]
[[Category:History of Turkmenistan]]
[[Category:Communism in Tajikistan]]
[[Category:History of Tajikistan]]
[[Category:Geography of Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Geography of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Geography of Kyrgyzstan]]
[[Category:Geography of Turkmenistan]]
[[Category:Geography of Tajikistan]]