View source for Sabit Damulla Abdulbaki

{{Infobox Prime Minister
| name=Sabit (Sawut) Damulla Abdulbaqi
| image            = Sabit Damolla Abdulbaki.jpeg
| caption          = Sabit Damolla Abdulbaki in his 20s-30s
| order            = [[Prime Minister]] of the [[Turkish Islamic Republic of East Turkestan]]
| term_start       = 12 November 1933
| term_end         = 6 February 1934
| predecessor      = ''Office instituted''
| successor        = ''Office abolished''
| birth_date       = 1883
| birth_place      = [[Artux|Artush]], [[Qing Dynasty|Qing China]]
| death_date       = 1934
| death_place      = [[Urumqi]], [[History of the Republic of China|Republic of China]]
| relations        =
| children         =
| signature        = 
| website          =
| footnotes        =
| religion         = [[Islam]]
| party            = [[File:Flag of the First East Turkestan Republic.svg|20px|Flag of the First East Turkestan Republic]] [[Committee for National Revolution]]/ East Turkistan Nationalist Party<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA84&dq=committee+for+national+revolution+sabit&hl=en&ei=16cjTNK8EsKAlAf37K2aAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=committee%20for%20national%20revolution%20sabit&f=false|title=Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: a political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911-1949|author=Andrew D. W. Forbes|year=1986|publisher=CUP Archive|location=Cambridge, England|isbn=0-521-25514-7|page=84|accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref> 
}}

'''Sabit Damulla''' ({{zh|沙比提大毛拉}}) (ثابت داملا عبد الباقي) (1934-1883<ref name="Klimeš2015">{{cite book|author=Ondřej Klimeš|title=Struggle by the Pen: The Uyghur Discourse of Nation and National Interest, c.1900-1949|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdcuBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA122#v=onepage&q&f=false|date=8 January 2015|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-28809-6|pages=122–}}</ref>) (سابىت داموللا عبدالباقى) was a [[Uyghur independence|Uyghur independence movement]] leader who led the [[Khotan]] rebellion against the [[Xinjiang Province]] government of [[Jin Shuren]], and later the Uyghur leader [[Hoja-Niyaz]]. He is widely known as the only prime minister of the short-lived [[First East Turkestan Republic|Turkish Islamic Republic of Eastern Turkestan]] from November 12, 1933 until the republic's defeat in May 1934.

==Life==
'''Sabit (Sawut) Damulla Abdulbaqi''' was born in 1883, in county of [[Artux|Atush]] in the [[Kashgar]] vilayet, where he received religious education. In 1920s he graduated from Xinjiang Academy of Politics and Laws in [[Urumqi]] (later becoming [[Xinjiang University]]), that was founded by Governor [[Yang Zengxin]] in 1924 and originally performed courses in Chinese, Uyghur, and Russian. After completing university, he visited the [[Middle East]], touring Egypt, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia; he also visited the [[Soviet Union]], where he continued his studies. In 1932 he returned to Xinjiang through India, where he joined [[Emir]] [[Muhammad Amin Bughra]] in preparing a rebellion in [[Khotan]] district.  Sabit Damulla was convinced that the [[Islamic world]] was not interested in supporting [[Uyghur people|Uyghur]] independence, and so he turned to the [[Great Powers]] instead. Yang Zengxin had closed the publihing venture in [[Artush]] owned by Sabit Damulla.<ref>{{cite book|author=James A. Millward|title=Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&pg=PA203#v=onepage&q=schools%20mosques&f=false|year=2007|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-13924-3|pages=203–}}</ref> Sabit was a [[Jadid|Jadidist]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Tursun  |first=Nabijan |last2= |first2= |date=December 2014 |title=The influence of intellectuals of the first half of the 20th century on Uyghur politics |url=http://uyghur-studies.com/publications/the-influence-of-intellectuals-of-the-first-half-of-the-20th-century-on-uyghur-politics/ |journal=Uyghur Initiative Papers |publisher=Central Asia Program |volume= |issue=11 |pages=2 |doi= |access-date= }}</ref>

==Achievements==
Between November 12, 1933 and February 6, 1934 he was selected the prime minister of the short-lived [[Turkish Islamic Republic of East Turkestan]] (TIRET) in Kashgar. While Sabit Damulla Abdulbaki favoured the co-official "Republic of Uyghurstan" moniker, [[Muhammad Amin Bughra]] opposed it, considering that to create a broad anti-Chinese and anti-[[Dungan people|Tungan]] front in Xinjiang, all of the [[Turkic peoples]] should be called "Turks", not only Uyghurs. Sabit Damulla was also behind a creation of Independent Government in Khotan on March 16, 1933, which he proclaimed together with Emir Muhammad Amin Bughra. Later this Government expanded its authority to Kashgar and [[Aksu, East Turkistan|Aksu]] through the "Eastern Turkestan Independence Association" and contributed to the proclamation of a republic in the Old City of Kashgar on November 12, 1933. [[Hoja-Niyaz|Khoja Niyaz Khaji]], the leader of [[Kumul Rebellion]] in 1931, was invited by Sabit Damulla to Kashgar to assume presidency of the self- proclaimed republic.

[[File:Head ministers of the Islamic Republic of East Turkistan.jpeg|thumb|Prime Minister Sabit Damolla (in circle)]]

==Death==
Contemporary sources say that Abdulbaki was captured by [[Khoja Niyaz]] in Aksu, then delivered to Governor [[Sheng Shicai]].
He was executed by hanging in June 1934 in [[Urumqi]]. Later sources allege that he was imprisoned by Sheng in Urumqi, where he traded his translation skills for better conditions in his cell. Fellow [[Chinese Muslims]] such as [[Kuomintang]] officer [[Liu Bin-Di]] provided him the [[Koran]] and other Arabic and Chinese Islamic texts to be translated into [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]]. (The establishment of Islam in China in 650 stemmed from the delivery of a Quran by [[Caliph]] [[Uthman ibn Affan|Usman]] to [[Tang Dynasty|Tang]] [[Emperor Gaozong of Tang|Emperor Gaozong]] in 650 and headed by Envoy [[Sa'ad ibn Abi Waqqas]], one of [[Muhammad]]'s first companions) Liu had been dispatched from Urumchi to pacify the Hi region, but he was too late.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=rs-PTPXyL4G0lQf-s5zcDw&ct=result&id=4J0uAAAAIAAJ&dq=Liu+Bin+di%27s+mission%2C+however+was&q=Liu+Bin+di%27s+mission%2C+hi|title=Journal of the Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs, Volumes 4-5|author=Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs|year=1982|publisher=King Abdulaziz University|location=|page=299|accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref>  It's unknown if this job was finished, Liu Bin-Di himself was shot dead by rebels in [[Ghulja]] in November, 1944 during revolt, that led to establishment of [[Second East Turkestan Republic]] on November 12, 1944.

== Legacy ==
The designated terrorist organization [[Turkistan Islamic Party]]'s magazine "Islamic Turkistan" Arabic: (تركستان الإسلامية) Uyghur: (ئىسلامى تۈركىستان) Issue #12 included a photo of the founders of the [[First East Turkestan Republic]] including Sabit Damulla Abdulbaki which was titled "Men who marked history in their blood" (رجال سطروا التاريخ بدمائهم) (1933–1352) featuring the caption "Founders of an independent islamic state in the Hijri year 1352 in East Turkestan" (مؤسسوا دولة إسلامية مستقلة عام 1352هـ في تركستان الشرقية).<ref name="#12">{{cite web|last=Zelin |first=Aaron Y. |url=http://jihadology.net/2013/02/18/%E1%B9%A3awt-al-islam-presents-issue-12-of-%E1%B8%A5izb-al-islami-al-turkistanis-turkistan-islamic-party-magazine-turkistan-al-islamiyyah/ |title=Ṣawt al-Islām presents Issue #12 of Ḥizb al-Islāmī al-Turkistānī’s [Turkistan Islamic Party&#93; magazine: "Turkistān al-Islāmīyyah" &#124; JIHADOLOGY: A clearinghouse for jihādī primary source material, original analysis, and translation service |website=Jihadology.net |date= |accessdate=2016-05-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/e1b8a5izb-al-islc481mc4ab-al-turkistc481nc4ab_s-turkistan-islamic-party-e2809cturkistc481n-al-islc481mc4abyyah-12e280b3.pdf|title=تركستان الإسلامية ، العدد الثاني عشر ، صفر 1434 صفحة 2|publisher=azelin.files.wordpress.com|accessdate=21 October 2015}}</ref>

[[Al-Qaeda]] ideologue [[Mustafa Setmariam Nasar]] praised the formation of the 1933 "Republic of East Turkestan" by Damulla, leader of Islamists.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/stream/MuslimsInCentralAsiaAndTheComingBattleOfIslam/MuslimsInCentralAsiaAndTheComingBattleOfIslam_djvu.txt |title=Muslims in Central Asia and The Coming Battle of Islam |author=Mustafa Setmariam Nasar (aliases Abu Musab al-Suri and Umar Abd al-Hakim) |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=1999 |website= |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref>

The Turkistan Islamic Party mentioned the First East Turkestan Republic and Sabit Damulla (ثابت داملا) in issue 19 of its magazine "Islamic Turkistan".<ref>{{cite magazine |last= |first= |author=الشيخ علي العرجاني أبو حسن الكويتي |date=رجب - 1437 هـ |title=تركستان الشرقية تاريخ زاهر وجرح ينزف |url=https://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2016/04/turkistacc84n-al-islacc84micc84yyah-magazine-19.pdf |magazine=تركستان الإسلامية |issue= العدد 19 |page=47 |location= |publisher= |access-date= }}</ref>

== References ==
{{wikiquote|Sabit Damulla Abdulbaki}}
{{commonscat|Sabit Damulla Abdulbaki}}
* [http://www.academia.edu/398262/The_Soviets_In_Xinjiang '''Mark Dickens '''] "[http://oxuscom.com/sovinxj.htm The Soviets in Sinkiang (1911-1949)]".  USA, 1990
* '''Michael Zrazhevsky''' " Russian Cossacks in Sinkiang ".  Almanach " Third Rome ", Russia, Moscow, 2001

== Footnotes ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abdulbaki, Sabit Damulla}}
[[Category:1883 births]]
[[Category:1943 deaths]]
[[Category:Executed people from Xinjiang]]
[[Category:Uyghurs]]
[[Category:Pan-Turkists]]
[[Category:East Turkestan independence movement]]
[[Category:Executed Republic of China people]]
[[Category:People executed by the Republic of China]]
[[Category:Executed Chinese people]]
[[Category:People from Kizilsu]]