View source for Parnassius delphius

{{italic title}}
{{Taxobox
| name = Banded Apollo
| image= Delphius_maximinusCRW_4333.jpg
| image_caption = ''Parnassius delphius maximinus'', male from Kyrgyzstan
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| classis = [[Insect]]a
| ordo = [[Lepidoptera]]
| familia = [[Papilionidae]]
| genus = ''[[Parnassius]]''
| species = '''''P. delphius'''''
| binomial = ''Parnassius delphius''
| binomial_authority = [[Eduard Friedrich Eversmann|Eversmann]], 1843
}}

'''''Parnassius delphius''''', the '''banded Apollo''', is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in Central Asia. It is a member of the genus ''[[Parnassius]]'' of the swallowtail ([[Papilionidae]]) family.

==Description==

Note: The wing pattern in ''Parnassius'' species is inconsistent and the very many subspecies and forms make identification problematic and uncertain. Structural characters derived from the genitalia, wing venation, [[sphragis]] and foretibial epiphysis are more, but not entirely reliable. The description given here is a guide only. For an identification key see Ackery P.R. (1975).<ref>Ackery P.R. (1975) A guide to the genera and species of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae). ''Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist.'' (Ent.) 31, 4 [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19631#page/112/mode/2up pdf]</ref>

Discal markings dull, submarginal band of forewing distinct, hindmarginal spot absent as a rule; ocelli of hindwing bright carmine, hindmarginal spots black, blackish hindmarginal area broad, two bluish-black anal spots, a faint submarginal and narrow marginal band.<ref>[[Hans Ferdinand Emil Julius Stichel|Stichel]] in [[Adalbert Seitz|Seitz]], 1906 (Parnassius). ''Die Groß-Schmetterlinge der Erde''. Die Groß-Schmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes. Die palaearktischen Tagfalter, Stuttgart.</ref>

==Range==
Northern [[Pakistan]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Uzbekistan]] and [[Kazakhstan]].

==Status==
Widely distributed. Locally common, generally rare. Not known to be threatened. Requires further research. Protected by law in India. Featured in erstwhile USSR Red Data Book as vulnerable.
[[Image:TransEntSocLondon1915PlateLIII.jpg|thumb|230px|left|Four subspecies of ''P. delphius'']]

==Subspecies==
There are up to 44 subspecies.<ref>[http://ftp.funet.fi/index/Tree_of_life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/papilionidae/parnassiinae/parnassius/ Funet] </ref>

<gallery>
Image:Delphius infernalis CRW 4334.jpg|''Parnassius delphius infernalis'', male from the Alai Mountains
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Papilionidae]]
*[[List of butterflies of India]]
*[[List of butterflies of India (Papilionidae)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book|last1=Collins |first1=N. Mark |last2=Morris |first2=Michael G. |title=Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RomV7uO_t9YC&pg=PR4 |year=1985 |publisher=[[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] |location=Gland & Cambridge |isbn=978-2-88032-603-6 }}
* {{cite book |last=Evans |first1=W.H. |authorlink=William Harry Evans |title=The Identification of Indian Butterflies |edition=2nd |location=Mumbai, India |publisher=[[Bombay Natural History Society]] |year=1932 }}
* {{cite book |last=Haribal |first=Meena |title=The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History |location=Gangtok, Sikkim, India |publisher=Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation |year=1992 }}
* {{cite book |last=Kunte |first=Krushnamegh |title=Butterflies of Peninsular India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cuPPjOMcu_4C |series=India, A Lifescape |location=Hyderabad, India |publisher=Universities Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-8173713545 }}
* {{cite book|last=Wynter-Blyth |first=Mark Alexander |authorlink=Mark Alexander Wynter-Blyth |title=Butterflies of the Indian Region |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEkgAQAAMAAJ |year=1957 |location=Bombay, India |publisher=[[Bombay Natural History Society]] |isbn=978-8170192329 }}
* Sakai S., Inaoka S., Toshiaki A., Yamaguchi S., Watanabe Y., (2002) ''The Parnassiology. The Parnassius Butterflies, A Study in Evolution'', Kodansha, Japan.
* Weiss J.-C., (1992) ''Parnassiinae of the World - Part 2'', [[Sciences Nat]], [[Venette]], France.

[[Category:Insects of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Fauna of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Fauna of Kyrgyzstan]]
[[Category:Fauna of Tajikistan]]
[[Category:Fauna of Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Parnassius|delphius]]


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