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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2011}}
The term '''Iranian Intermezzo'''<ref>Such an obviously ''coined'' designation was introduced by [[Vladimir Minorsky]], "The Iranian Intermezzo", in ''Studies in Caucasian history'' (London, 1953) and has been taken up by [[Bernard Lewis]], among others, in his ''The Middle East: A brief history of the last 2,000 years'' (New York, 1995).</ref> represents a period in  history which saw the rise of various native [[Iranian peoples|Iranian]] Muslim dynasties in the [[Iranian plateau]]. This term is noteworthy since it was an interlude between the decline of [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbāsid]] Arab rule and power and the eventual emergence of the [[Seljuq Turks]] in the 11th century. The Iranian revival consisted of Iranian support based on Iranian territory and most significantly a revived Iranian national spirit and culture in an Islamic form.<ref>The Middle East: 2,000 Years of History from the Rise of Christianity to the Present Day (pgs. 81–82) – Bernard Lewis</ref>

== Muslim Iranian dynasties ==

=== Tahirids (821–873) ===
The '''[[Tahirid dynasty]]''', (Persian: سلسله طاهریان) was an Iranian Persian dynasty that ruled over the northeastern part of [[Greater Iran]], in the region of Khorasan (made up of parts of present-day [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], and [[Uzbekistan]]). The Tahirid capital was located in [[Nishapur]].

=== Sajids (889–929) ===
The '''Sajid dynasty''' ({{lang-fa|ساجیان}}), was an Islamic dynasty that ruled from 889-890 until 929. Sajids ruled Azerbaijan and parts of Armenia first from [[Maragha]] and [[Barda, Azerbaijan|Barda]] and then from [[Ardabil]].<ref>[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azerbaijan-iv  Iranicaonline.org AZERBAIJAN iv. Islamic History to 1941]</ref> The Sajids originated from the [[Central Asian]] province of [[Ushrusana]] and were of Iranian ([[Sogdians]])<ref>Clifford Edmund Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual, Columbia University, 1996. pg 147: "The Sajids were a line of caliphal governors in north-western persia, the family of a commander in the 'Abbasid service of Soghdian descent which became culturally Arabised."</ref><ref>V. Minorsky, Studies in Caucasian history, Cambridge University Press, 1957. pg 111</ref> heritage.

=== Saffarids (861–1003) ===
The '''[[Saffarid dynasty]]''' ({{lang-fa|سلسله صفاریان}}), was an Iranian Persian empire<ref>The Cambridge History of Iran, By Richard Nelson Frye, William Bayne Fisher, John Andrew Boyle, Published by Cambridge University Press, 1975, ISBN 0-521-20093-8, ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6; pg. 121.</ref> which ruled in [[Sistan]] (861–1003), a historical region in southeastern Iran and southwestern Afghanistan.<ref>[[Nancy Hatch Dupree]] – An Historical Guide To Afghanistan – ''Sites in Perspective (Chapter 3)''...
[http://www.zharov.com/dupree/chapter03.html Link]</ref> Their capital was [[Zaranj]].

=== Samanids (875/819–999) ===
The '''[[Samanid dynasty]]''' ({{lang-fa|سلسلهٔ سامانیان}}), also known as the '''Samanid Empire''' or simply '''Samanids''' (819–999)<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica, Online Edition, 2007, ''Samanid Dynasty'', [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9065183/Samanid-Dynasty LINK]</ref> ({{lang-fa|سامانیان}} ''Sāmāniyān'') was an Iranian empire<ref>
*A historical atlas of Uzbekistan, By Aisha Khan, Published by The Rosen Publishing Group, 2003, ISBN 0-8239-3868-9, ISBN 978-0-8239-3868-1, pg. 23;
*The Cambridge History of Iran, By Richard Nelson Frye, William Bayne Fisher, John Andrew Boyle, Published by Cambridge University Press, 1975, ISBN 0-521-20093-8, ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6, pg. 164;
*The New Encyclopædia Britannica, By Encyclopædia Britannica Publishers, Inc. Staff, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc, Published by Encyclopædia Britannica, 1987, ISBN 0-85229-443-3, ISBN 978-0-85229-443-7, pg. 891;
*The monumental inscriptions from early Islamic Iran and Transoxiana, By Sheila Blair, Published by BRILL, 1992, ISBN 90-04-09367-2, ISBN 978-90-04-09367-6, pg. 27.</ref> in Central Asia and [[Greater Khorasan]], named after its founder [[Saman Khuda]] who converted to [[Sunni]] Islam<ref>The History of Iran By Elton L. Daniel, pg. 74</ref> despite being from [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] theocratic nobility.<ref>''The Ornament of Histories: A History of the Eastern Islamic Lands AD 650-1041'', transl. & ed. C.E. Bosworth, (I.B. Tauris, 2011), 53.</ref>

With their roots stemming from the city of [[Balkh]] (in present-day Afghanistan), the Samanids promoted the arts, giving rise to the advancement of science and literature, and thus attracted scholars such as [[Rudaki]] and [[Avicenna]]. While under Samanid control, [[Bukhara]] was a rival to [[Baghdad]] in its glory. Scholars note that the Samanids revived Persian more than the Buyids and the Saffarids, while continuing to patronize [[Arabic language|Arabic]] to a significant degree. Nevertheless, in a famous edict, Samanid authorities declared that "here, in this region, the language is Persian, and the kings of this realm are Persian kings."<ref>Richard Foltz, ''Iran in World History'', (Oxford University Press, 2016), 56-58.</ref>

=== Buyyids (932–1055) ===
[[File:Buyids within the Middle East, ca. 970.png|400px|thumb|Southwest Asia – c. 970 A.D]]
'''[[Buyid dynasty]]''', also known as the '''Buyid Empire'''<ref>
*Busse, Heribert (1975), "Iran Under the Buyids", in Frye, R. N., The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs., Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 270: "Aleppo remained a buffer between the Buyid empire and Byzantium".
*Joseph Reese Strayer (1985), "Dictionary of the Middle Ages", Published by Scribner, 1985.</ref> or the '''Buyids''' ({{lang-fa|آل بویه}} ''Āl-e Buye'', [[Caspian languages|Caspian]]: Bowyiyün), also known as ''Buwaihids'' or ''Buyyids'', were a [[Shia Islam|Shī‘ah]] [[Persian people|Persian]]<ref name="NagBUYI">{{cite encyclopedia
  | last = Nagel
  | first = Tilman
  | title = BUYIDS
  | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia Iranica
  | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/buyids
  | accessdate = 2012-02-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=MADELUNG|first=WILFERD|title=DEYLAMITES|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/deylamites|work=Encyclopædia Iranica|accessdate=8 February 2012}}</ref><ref>Clifford Edmund Bosworth, ''The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual'', Columbia University, 1996. pg 154–155.</ref><ref>"Buyid Dynasty." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 25 Jan. 2008  <http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9018373></ref> dynasty that originated from [[Daylaman]]. They founded a confederation that controlled most of modern-day Iran and Iraq in the 10th and 11th centuries.
Indeed, as Dailamite Iranians the Būyids consciously revived symbols and practices of Persia's Sassānid dynasty. In fact, beginning with 'Adud al-Daula they used the ancient Sassānid title Shāhanshāh (Persian: شاهنشاه), literally meaning king of kings.

=== Sallarids (942–979) ===
The '''[[Sallarid|Sallarid dynasty]]''' (also referred to as the '''Musafirids''' or '''Langarids''') was an Islamic Persian dynasty principally known for its rule of [[Iranian Azerbaijan]], [[Azerbaijan]], and a part of [[Armenia]] from 942 until 979.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Iranian Intermezzo| ]]
[[Category:History of Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:History of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:History of Kyrgyzstan]]
[[Category:History of Pakistan]]
[[Category:History of Tajikistan]]
[[Category:History of Turkmenistan]]
[[Category:History of Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Medieval Islam]]
[[Category:9th century in Iran]]
[[Category:10th century in Iran]]
[[Category:11th century in Iran]]