View source for Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline

{{Infobox pipeline
| name        = Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline
| type        = oil
| photo       = 
| caption     = 
| map         = Baku pipelines.svg
| map_caption = Location of Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline
| country     = [[Azerbaijan]], [[Russia]]
| coordinates = 
| operator    = [[State Oil Company of Azerbaijan|SOCAR]], [[Transneft]]
| partners    = [[State Oil Company of Azerbaijan|SOCAR]], [[Azerbaijan International Operating Company]], [[Transneft]]
| length_km   = 1330
| discharge   = 5&nbsp;million tons per year
| direction   = east–north-west
| start       = [[Baku]] ([[Sangachal Terminal]]), [[Azerbaijan]]
| finish      = [[Novorossiysk]], [[Russia]]
| est         = 1997
| through     = 
| par         = [[South Caucasus Pipeline]]
}}

The '''Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline''' (also known as the '''Northern Route Export Pipeline''' and '''Northern Early Oil Pipeline''') is an {{convert|1330|km|mi|adj=on}} long oil pipeline, which runs from the [[Sangachal Terminal]] near [[Baku]] to the [[Novorossiysk]] terminal at the [[Black Sea]] coast in [[Russia]]. The Azerbaijani section of the pipeline is operated by the [[State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic|State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic (SOCAR)]] and the Russian section is operated by [[Transneft]].<ref name=trendcapital>
{{cite news
 | url = http://en.trend.az/capital/pengineering/1128666.html
 | title = SOCAR Becomes Operator of Azerbaijani Section of Baku-Novorossiysk Pipeline
 | author = S. Aliyev, V. Sharifov
 | publisher = [[Trend News Agency|Trend Capital]]
 | date = 2008-02-06
 | accessdate = 2008-06-08
}}</ref>

==History==
A contract on the transportation of Azeri oil via Russia to the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk was signed on 18 February 1996. The trilateral contract was concluded between the [[Azerbaijan International Operating Company]], SOCAR and Transneft. The oil transportation through the pipeline started on 25 October 1997.<ref name=az3>
{{cite news
 | url = http://www.azerbaijan.az/_Economy/_OilStrategy/oilStrategy_05_e.html
 | title = Transport routes of Azerbaijani oil (Baku-Novorossiysk, Baku-Supsa)
 | publisher = Azerbaijan Portal
 | accessdate = 2008-06-08
}}</ref> 

On 6 December 2006, after dispute over natural gas supplies from Russia, Azerbaijan announced that it will stop the exports of Azeri oil through the Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline starting on 1 January 2007.<ref name=eurasiablog>
{{cite news
 | url = http://eurasiablog.wordpress.com/2006/12/08/confirmed-azerbaijan-to-stop-using-baku-novorossiysk-pipeline/
 | title = Confirmed: Azerbaijan to stop using Baku-Novorossiysk pipeline
 | publisher = Mosnews
 | date = 2006-12-06
 | accessdate = 2008-06-08
}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Although SOCAR continued decreased oil supplies through the Baku-Novorossiysk Pipeline, the Azerbaijan International Operating Company stopped using the pipeline starting from 1 April 2007 and SOCAR became the new operator of the Azerbaijani section.
<ref name=regnum>
{{cite news
 | url = http://www.regnum.ru/english/887804.html
 | title = Azerbaijan decreases oil exports via Baku-Novorossiysk pipeline
 | publisher = Regnum
 | date = 2007-09-20
 | accessdate = 2008-06-08
}}</ref>  SOCAR temporarily stopped oil supplies through the pipeline in February 2008 due to a pricing disagreement with Transneft.<ref name=trendcapital/> Later that year, the disagreement has been resolved and SOCAR resumed pumping oil on old agreement terms. In August 2008, the transport of oil along the Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline was radically increased due to sabotage in Turkey and the conflict in Georgia forcing a temporary shutdown of the rival Baku-Ceyhan and Baku-Supsa pipelines. As of 2013, the Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline remains operational, although the volume of oil pumped through it is relatively low. In 2012, SOCAR exported a total of 25 million tons of oil along all routes. Among them, only  2 million tons were exported through the Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline. The remaining 20 million and 3 million tons were exported through the Baku-Ceyhan and Baku-Supsa routes respectively.<ref name=newsaz>
{{cite news
 | url = http://www.1news.az/economy/oil_n_gas/20130108013158626.html
 | title = В 2012 году SOCAR экспортировала 25 млн. тонн нефти по всем маршрутам
 | publisher = 1NEWS.AZ
 | accessdate = 2013-01-10
}}</ref> 
The crude oil transported through Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline is developed within the framework of [[Chirag oil field#Chirag-1 and Early Oil Project|Early Oil Project]], first stage of larger [[Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli]] (ACG) project.<ref>[http://www.azembassy.gr/browse.php?lang=eng&page=0206 Embassy of Azerbaijan in Georgia]</ref>

==Route==
The Baku–Novorossiysk Pipeline extends to {{convert|1330|km|mi}}, of which {{convert|231|km|mi}} are laid in Azerbaijan.<ref name=az3/>  In Russia the pipeline runs through [[Dagestan]]. Original route run also through [[Chechnya]] as it exploited the existing [[Grozny]]–Baku and Grozny–Novorossiysk pipelines.<ref name=karagiannis>
{{cite book
 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MeWOAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27
 | title= Energy and Security in the Caucasus
 | first = Emmanuel | last = Karagiannis
 | publisher = [[Routledge]]
 | page = 27
 | year = 2013
 | isbn = 9781134547425
}}</ref><ref name=stulberg>
{{cite book
 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lw6fssZU7sC&pg=PA147
 | title= Well-Oiled Diplomacy. Strategic Manipulation and Russia's Energy Statecraft in Eurasia
 | first = Adam N. | last = Stulberg
 | publisher = [[State University of New York Press]]
 | page = 147
 | year = 2007
 | isbn = 9780791470633
}}</ref><ref name=marriot>
{{cite book
 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=OMmFBGXeLf8C&pg=PA100
 | title= The Oil Road: Journeys From The Caspian Sea To The City Of London
 | first1 = James | last1 = Marriott
 | first2 = Mika | last2 = Minio-Paluello
 | publisher = [[Verso Books]]
 | page = 100
 | year = 2012
 | isbn = 9781844679270
}}</ref>  However, during the [[Second Chechen War]] the Chechen section of the pipeline was closed and Transneft built a Chechenya- bypass loop.<ref name=kandiyoti>
{{cite book
 | url= https://books.google.nl/books?id=PPM2AQQvFnIC&pg=PA165
 | title= Pipelines: Flowing Oil and Crude Politics
 | first = Rafael | last = Kandiyoti
 | publisher = [[I.B. Tauris]]
 | page = 165
 | year = 2012
 | isbn = 9781848858398
}}</ref>

==Technical features==
The diameter of the pipeline is {{convert|530|mm|in}} and the capacity of annual transfer is equal to 5&nbsp;million tons.<ref name=az3/><ref name=regnum/> In 2009, Azerbaijan pumped 2.55 million tonnes of oil through this pipeline while the volume was only 1.3 million tonnes in 2008<ref>
{{cite news
 | url= http://www.theazeritimes.com/site/fuel-energy/2317
 | title= Azerbaijan Ends Oil Pumping Via Baku-Novorossiysk
 | publisher= Azeri Times
 | date=2009-07-31
 | accessdate=2009-12-11
}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Azerbaijan|Russia|Engineering|Transport|Economy|Energy}}
* [[Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli]]
* [[Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline]]
* [[Baku–Supsa Pipeline]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9006672&contentId=7015099 Western Route Export Pipeline (BP website)]
{{Black Sea Energy}}
{{Pipeline Systems of Russia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baku-Novorossiysk Pipeline}}
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 2006]]
[[Category:Oil pipelines in Russia]]
[[Category:Oil pipelines in Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Caspian Sea]]
[[Category:Azerbaijan–Russia relations]]
[[Category:Black Sea energy]]