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{{Infobox cyclist
| name          = Andrei Kivilev
| image         = Andrei Kivilev.jpg
| fullname      = Андрей Кивилев
| nickname      =
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|1973|9|20|df=y}}
| death_place   = [[Saint-Etienne]], France
| death_date    = {{death date and age|2003|3|12|1973|9|20|df=y}}
| birth_place   = [[Taldykorgan]], Kazakhstan
| height        =
| weight        =
| discipline    = Road
| role          = Rider
| ridertype     =
| amateuryears1 =
| amateurteam1  =
| proyears1     = 1998–1999
| proteam1      = [[Festina-Lotus]]
| proyears2     = 2000
| proteam2      = [[Ag2r]]
| proyears3     = 2001–2003
| proteam3      = [[Cofidis (cycling team)|Cofidis]]
| majorwins     = Route du Sud (2001)
}}

'''Andrei Kivilev''' (20 September 1973 – 12 March 2003) was a professional [[road bicycle racer]] from [[Taldykorgan]], [[Kazakhstan]]. In March 2003, he crashed during the [[Paris–Nice]] race and subsequently died of his injuries. His death was the trigger for the [[Union Cycliste Internationale|UCI]] to implement the compulsory wearing of [[Bicycle helmet|helmets]] in all endorsed races.

== Career ==
Born in [[Taldykorgan]], [[Almaty Province]], Kivilev began his amateur racing career in Spain, before moving to France, where he wore the EC Saint-Etienne jersey.<ref>{{cite news |author = Fabio |title = Andrei Kivilev |url = http://www.dailypeloton.com/displayarticle.asp?pk=3236 |work = Daily Peloton – Pro Cycling News |date = 2003-03-12 |accessdate = 2006-09-12| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060905075604/http://www.dailypeloton.com/displayarticle.asp?pk=3236| archivedate= 5 September 2006 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> In 1993, he had a successful [[Regio-Tour]] as part of a successful tour for the Kazakh team: Kivilev won the points competition; team mate [[Alexander Vinokourov]] won the combined competition; and the team won the team competition.<ref>{{cite news |title = 19th Rothaus Regio-Tour International – Past Winner |url = http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road.php?id=road/2003/aug03/regio03/default#past |work = Cyclingnews.com |date = 2003-08-06 |accessdate = 2006-09-12 }}</ref> He secured a professional contract with [[Festina]] in 1998 and rode with them until the end of 1999. Kivilev had a modest time at Festina, where his best results were fifth at the Championship of Zurich<ref>{{cite news |title = Meisterschaft von Zürich, World Cup Round 8 |url = http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/1999/aug99/zurich99.html |work = Cyclingnews.com |date = 1999-08-22 |accessdate = 2006-09-12 }}</ref> and seventh at the Critérium International.<ref>{{cite news |title = Criterium International de la Route, Cat 2.2  Final GC after Stage 3 |url = http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/1999/mar99/critint993.html |work = Cyclingnews.com |date = 1999-03-28 |accessdate = 2006-09-12 }}</ref> Despite his lack of professional victories, Kivilev attracted admirers for his riding style, and despite interest from [[Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team|US Postal Service]],<ref name="Cyclingnews Tribute">{{cite news |title = Andrei Kivilev: September 21, 1973 – March 12, 2003 |url = http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/features/?id=2003/kivilev |work = Cyclingnews.com |date = 2003-03-20 |accessdate = 2006-09-12 }}</ref> signed with [[Ag2r Prévoyance]] in 2000, before moving to [[Cofidis (cycling team)|Cofidis]] in 2001. It was at Cofidis that his career started to take off: in his first season, not only did he win the [[Route du Sud]] and stage five of the [[Dauphiné Libéré]] race, between [[Romans-sur-Isère]] and [[Grenoble]],<ref>{{cite news |title =  53rd Criterium du Dauphiné Libére – Stage 5 Results |url = http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/2001/jun01/dauphine015.shtml |work = Cyclingnews.com |date = 2001-06-15 |accessdate = 2006-09-12 }}</ref> but also had a sensational performance in the [[2001 Tour de France|Tour de France]]. Having lost over eighteen minutes on a windswept and attritional stage 4 between [[Huy]] and [[Verdun]],<ref>{{cite news |first = Tim |last = Maloney |title = 88th Tour de France – Stage 4 |url = http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/2001/tour01/results/results_stage_4.shtml |work = Cyclingnews.com |date = 2001-07-11 |accessdate = 2006-09-12 }}</ref> Kivilev was allowed to form part of a fourteen-man breakaway on stage 8 between [[Colmar]] and [[Pontarlier]] and gained 33 minutes on the race favourites.<ref>{{cite news |first = Tim |last = Maloney |title = 88th Tour de France, Stage 8 – Just another epic day to Pontarlier |url = http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/2001/tour01/results/results_stage_8.shtml |work = Cyclingnews.com |date = 2006-07-15 |accessdate = 2006-09-12 }}</ref> Kivilev was an able [[Climbing specialist|climber]], and limited his losses on the big hills. His time trialling let him down when he lost a podium place to [[Joseba Beloki]] on the final time trial. Nevertheless, Kivilev finished the tour in 4th position.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/TDF/riders/fr/294.html |title=Palmarès de Andrei KIVILEV (KAZ) |accessdate=2006-09-12 |date=2006-07-05 |work=Bienvenue sur l'historique du Tour de France |publisher=Amaury Sport Organisation |language=French |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060905063345/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/TDF/riders/fr/294.html |archivedate=2006-09-05 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> In fact, with later doping scandals eliminating those ahead of him on the podium, the French newspaper [[Le Monde]] retroactively (and unofficially) named Kivilev winner of the 2001 Tour de France.<ref>{{cite news |title =  Qui a vraiment gagné le Tour depuis 1999? |url = http://contre-pied.blog.lemonde.fr/2012/08/24/qui-a-vraiment-gagne-le-tour-depuis-1999/ |work = Le Monde |date = 2012-08-24 |accessdate = 2012-08-28 }}</ref>

== Death ==
On 11 March 2003 Kivilev was racing in the second stage of [[Paris–Nice]], between [[La Clayette]] and [[Saint-Étienne]]. Approximately forty kilometres from the stage finish, as the peloton passed through [[Saint-Chamond, Loire|Saint-Chamond]], Kivilev collided with Polish teammate [[Marek Rutkiewicz]] and [[Germany|German]] [[Volker Ordowski]] of [[Team Gerolsteiner]]. Rutkiewicz and Ordowski were not seriously hurt and finished the stage, but the helmetless Kivilev hit the ground and did not rise. Kivilev immediately fell into a [[coma]], initially being taken to the Saint-Chamond hospital before being transferred via air to the intensive care unit at Saint-Étienne hospital, where he was diagnosed with a serious skull fracture and two broken ribs. His condition worsened overnight, and Kivilev died of his injuries at 10 a.m. on 12 March 2003. He was survived by his wife Natalia and six-month-old son Leonardo. A few days later, his friend [[Alexander Vinokourov]] won the race.

== Legacy ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2007}}
After Kivilev's death, the UCI made the wearing of helmets compulsory.<ref name="kiv_helmets">{{cite book
| last      = Wheatcroft
| first     = Geoffrey
| title     = Le Tour: a history of the Tour de France, 1903–2003
| publisher = Pocket Books
| year      = 2003
| location  = London
| isbn      = 0-7434-4992-4
| page      = 320 }}</ref> They had previously tried to introduce this requirement in 1991, but some riders protested this at the Paris–Nice race, so the rule was not introduced. The nature of Kivilev's death, in that he was a lead rider, in one of the top French cycling teams, racing in a top stage race, coupled with advances in helmet technology, brought the debate back to the fore and conclusively so for the UCI. Whilst many riders were initially still against compulsory helmet use, the UCI ensured the rules requiring helmets to be worn at all times would be in place for the [[2003 Giro d'Italia]], which started just eight weeks after Kivilev's death. Dissension to the rule was initially high, but the new rules were affirmed in October 2003. Whilst at first the rule was loose and not tightly enforced, especially on mountain-top finishes, it has since been enforced more strictly and helmet-wearing is now ubiquitous in the [[peloton]].

==Major results==
{{colbegin|2}}
;1995
: 1st [[FIle:Jersey yellow.svg|20px]] Overall [[Presidential Cycling Tour of Turkey|Tour of Turkey]]
;1998
: 2nd Overall [[1998 Vuelta Ciclista de Chile|Vuelta Ciclista de Chile]]
;2001
: 1st [[File:Jersey orange.svg|20px]] Overall [[Route du Sud]]
: 4th Overall [[2001 Tour de France|Tour de France]]
: 5th Overall [[Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré]]
::1st Stage 5
;2002
: 3rd Overall [[Route du Sud]]
: 4th [[Clásica de San Sebastián]]
: 4th Overall [[Paris–Nice]]
: 5th Overall [[Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré]]
;2003
: 3rd [[Tour du Haut Var]]
{{colend}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{cycling archives|9099}}
*{{cite Sports-Reference |url=http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ki/andrey-kivilev-1.html |title=Andrey Kivilev}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kivilev, Andrei}}
[[Category:Cyclists killed while racing]]
[[Category:Kazakhstani male cyclists]]
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:2003 deaths]]
[[Category:Sport deaths in France]]
[[Category:Cyclists at the 1996 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Cyclists at the 2000 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic cyclists of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Asian Games medalists in cycling]]
[[Category:Cyclists at the 1994 Asian Games]]
[[Category:People from Taldykorgan]]
[[Category:Presidential Cycling Tour of Turkey winners]]