View source for Shah Deniz gas field

{{Infobox Oil field
| name = Shah Deniz
| location_map       = Caspian Sea| location_map_width =
| location_map_text  =
| coordinates = {{coord|39|58|N|50|13|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref    =
| country =  [[Azerbaijan]]
| locblock =
| offonshore = Offshore
| partners = [[BP]] (28.8%), [[Turkish Petroleum Overseas Company Limited]] (19%), [[SOCAR]] (16.7%), [[Statoil]] (15.5%), [[LukAgip]] (10%), [[National Iranian Oil Company|Oil Industries Engineering & Construction (OIEC)]] (10%).<ref name="statoil.com" />
| operator = BP
| image =
| caption =
| discovery = 1999
| startofproduction = 2006
| peakofproduction =
| expectedabandonment = 
| production_gas_bcm/y = 7
| est_oil_bbl = 3000
| est_gas_bcm = 1200
| est_gas_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.upstreamonline.com/live/article237603.ece |title=Upstream Online.Socar tallies up giant Umid field |accessdate= 2010-12-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002085047/http://www.upstreamonline.com/live/article237603.ece|archivedate=2012-10-02}}</ref>
| producingformations =
}}

'''Shah Deniz gas field''' is the largest [[natural gas]] field in [[Azerbaijan]]. It is situated in the South [[Caspian Sea]], off the coast of Azerbaijan, approximately {{convert|70|km|mi}} southeast of [[Baku]], at a depth of {{convert|600|m|ft|-2}}. The field covers approximately {{convert|860|km2|sqmi}}. The Shah Deniz gas and condensate field was discovered in 1999. Stretching out over 140 square kilometres, the reservoir is similar in size and shape to Manhattan Island.

It is considered to be a founding link for the [[Southern Gas Corridor]], aiming to bring additional and alternative natural gas volumes to EU member countries.

== Shareholders ==
The Shah Deniz field is operated by [[BP]] which has a share of 28.8%. Other partners include [[Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortaklığı|TPAO]] (19%), [[SOCAR]] (16.7%), [[Petronas]] (15.5%),  [[LUKoil]] (10%) and [[National Iranian Oil Company#Participations in foreign gas fields|NIOC]] (10%).

[[Eni]] sold its 5% share to LUKOIL in June 2004. Later divestitures included pre-FID (Final Investment Decision) in December 2013 sales of 10% of the shares by [[Statoil]], to BP and SOCAR who shared them at 3.3% and 6.7% respectively.<ref name="statoil.com">http://www.statoil.com/en/NewsAndMedia/News/2014/Pages/06May_ShahDeniz.aspx</ref> as well as sale by Total SA in May 2014 its 10% share to Turkish [[Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortaklığı|TPAO]]<ref>http://total.com/en/media/news/press-releases/20140530-Azerbaijan-Total-sells-its-10-interest-in-Shah-Deniz-to-TPAO</ref>

In October 2014, Statoil sold its remaining 15.5% stake in the project to [[Petronas]] for a fee of $2.25 billion.<ref>{{cite press release | publisher=Reuters| date=13 October 2014| title=Statoil exits Shah Deniz with $2.25 billion sale to Petronas | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/13/us-statoil-petronas-shahdeniz-idUSKCN0I209020141013}}</ref>

== Reserves ==
The Shah Deniz reserves are estimated at between {{convert|1.5|Goilbbl|m3}} to {{convert|3|Goilbbl|m3}} of oil equivalent from 50 to 100 billion cubic meters of gas. Gas production to date at the end of 2005 was estimated to be approximately 7 billion cubic meters (600 mmcf/day avg). The Shah Deniz field also contains [[gas condensate]] in excess of 400 million cubic meters.

== Pipeline ==
The {{convert|692|km|mi}} [[South Caucasus Pipeline]], which began operation at the end of 2006, transports gas from the Shah Deniz field in the Azerbaijan sector of the [[Caspian Sea]] to [[Turkey]], through [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]].

The associated condensate is mixed with the oil from the ACG field and is transported to [[Turkey]] through [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], along the [[Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline]].

== Recent developments ==
The Shah Deniz scheme started to produce gas at the end of December 2006, three months later than expected, and was forced to close briefly in January 2007. Azerbaijan announced that the field had resumed output only to admit that it had been shut down once more, for a few weeks, due to technical issues. The shutdown forced Georgia to buy emergency gas supplies from Russia at a market price. Georgia hopes that production from Shah Deniz will allow the country to decrease its energy — and political — dependence on Russia.<ref name=guardian>.
{{cite news
|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/feb/05/oilandpetrol.news
|title=More trouble for BP as gas scheme is halted
|publisher=Guardian
|date=2007-02-05
|accessdate=2008-07-12
| location=London
| first=Terry
| last=MacAlister|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114143659/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2007/feb/05/oilandpetrol.news|archivedate=2012-11-14}}</ref>

By July 2007, the Shah Deniz gas plant at [[Sangachal Terminal]] was fully operational, with all buyers of Shah Deniz taking gas.

== Phase 2 ==
Shah Deniz-2 discussions started in 2008 with the main topic being the selection of transportation routes for additional gas volumes. Five-year-long, intense negotiations were finalized with the signing of the ''Final Investment Decision'' (FID) on 17 December 2013 in Baku, Azerbaijan.

Key discussions concentrated on the selection of a pipeline to deliver the additional gas from the field to the European markets. It took years of negotiations to narrow down almost a dozen proposals to the final competing projects, [[Trans Adriatic Pipeline|TAP]] and [[Nabucco pipeline|Nabucco]].

Nine companies agreed to sign a gas sales agreement (GSA) with the consortium:<ref>http://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/press/press-releases/shah-deniz-major-sales-agreements-with-european-gas-purchasers-c.html</ref>
* [[Axpo Trading AG]]
* [[Bulgargaz EAD]]
* [[DEPA Public Gas Corporation of Greece S.A.]]
* [[Enel Trade SpA]]
* [[E.ON Global Commodities SE]]
* [[Gas Natural Aprovisionamientos SDG SA]]
* [[GDF SUEZ S.A.]]
* [[Hera Trading srl]]
* [[Shell Energy Europe Limited]]

Out of total 10 bcm intended for Europe, 1 bcm will go to Bulgaria and Greece and the rest will go to buyers in other countries, mainly Italy.

The project will include two additional bridge-linked offshore gas platforms, undersea wells and an expansion of the gas plant at Sangachal Terminal, at an estimated cost of at least $10 billion.<ref name=rigzone>{{cite news
|url= http://www.rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=50882
|title= Investment in Shah Deniz Stage 2 Seen at $10 Billion
|author = Aida Sultanova; Andrew Langley
|publisher=Rigzone
|date=2007-10-01
|accessdate=2008-07-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708223642/http://www.rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=50882|archivedate=2013-07-08}}</ref>

The overall cost of Phase 2 expansion, including upstream and midstream stages ([[Trans-Anatolian gas pipeline|TANAP]] and [[Trans Adriatic Pipeline|TAP]] pipelines) is estimated to be around $45 billion.

In December 2016, the [[Asian Development Bank]] approved a total of $1 billion in both public and private assistance to support the expansion of the Shah Deniz 2 field.  The assistance was made up of a $500 million private sector loan to the Southern Gas Corridor Closed Joint Stock Company and a $500 million sovereign-counterguaranteed partial credit guarantee.  This guarantee will back over $500 million in commercial loans from a consortium of banks to SCG.<ref>ADB. 2016. '[https://www.adb.org/news/adb-supports-1-billion-financing-expand-azerbaijan-gas-field ADB Supports $1 Billion Financing to Expand Azerbaijan Gas Field']. Manila.</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Azerbaijan|Energy}}
* [[South Caucasus Pipeline]]
* [[Shafag-Asiman]]
* [[Trans-Anatolian gas pipeline|TANAP]]
* [[Trans Adriatic Pipeline|TAP]]
* [[Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli]]
* [[Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/shah_deniz/ Shah Deniz], Offshore Technology website
* [http://www.statoil.com/STATOILCOM/SVG00990.NSF/UNID/4EA4B72819714FC8C1256F16002A6E0B?OpenDocument Shah Deniz and the South Caucasus gas pipeline], Statoil website
* [http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/Press/shah_deniz_2_brochure_english.pdf Shahdeniz-2 brochure], BP Azerbaijan

{{Energy in Azerbaijan}}

[[Category:Natural gas fields in Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Caspian Sea]]
[[Category:BP oil and gas fields]]