View source for Hong Beom-do

{{Cleanup|date=August 2008}}
{{korean name|[[Hong (Korean name)|Hong]]}}
{{Infobox Korean name
|hangul=홍범도
|hanja={{linktext|洪|範|圖|}}
|rr=Hong Beom-do
|mr=Hong Pŏmdo
}}
'''Hong Beom-do''' {{lang-ru|Хон Бом До}}; August 27, 1868 – October 25, 1943), was a [[Korean independence movement|Korean independence activist]]. Hong was born in [[Chasong]], [[North Pyongan]].

== Biography ==
Hong was originally a [[hunter]]. In September 1907 Japan proclaimed a law to gather hunters' guns to weaken [[Korean independence movement|Korean resistance]]. The law made hunters angry, including Hong. So, he organized a [[Righteous Army]] which defeated [[Imperial Japanese Army|Japanese garrisons]] around Bukcheong through the use of [[guerrilla warfare|hit-and-run attacks]].

In 1910, He moved to [[Jiandao|Gando]]. After [[March First Movement]], He became a [[Commander-in-Chief]] of [[Korean Independence Army]]. In August 1919, Hong crossed [[Tumen River]] with 200 soldiers. He assaulted Japanese troops in Hyesanjin and [[Kapsan]]. He would cross the river twice more, each time carrying out more successful attacks.

In June 1920, Hong and his army fought against Japanese forces, killing hundreds of Japanese soldiers in [[Battle of Samdunja|Samdunja]]({{ko-hhrm|삼둔자|三屯子}}) and [[Battle of Bongo-dong|Bongodong]]({{ko-hhrm|봉오동|鳳梧洞}}). In October, working together with [[Kim Jwa-jin]], Hong again fought against Japanese troops ([[Battle of Chingshanli]]).

In June 1921 as the [[Soviet Union]] disarmed Korean troops by force and internal trouble occurred, resulting in the collapse of the Korean independence army. Hong ended up as a member of the [[Red Army|Russian red army]].

In 1937, Hong and other Koreans were [[Population transfer in the Soviet Union|deported]] to [[Kazakhstan]] by [[Joseph Stalin]]. Hong would die there in 1943.

On October 25, 1963, Hong was posthumously awarded [[Order of Merit for National Foundation|the Republic of Korea Medal of merit for national foundation]].

==Battle of Bongo-dong==
After [[March First Independence Movement]]({{ko-hhrm|3.1운동|三一運動}}), there are several armed resistance of Korean independence army in [[Manchuria]]. [[Japanese Imperialism]] carried forward a suppression operation from on May 1920. After on August 1919, Hong Beom-do set a advance operations to Korea briskly, he succeeded to integration of army in north [[Jiandao|Gando]]. On May 28, 1920, Hong Beom-do's Korean Independence Army({{ko-hhrm|대한독립군|大韓獨立軍}}), Ahn-Mu's National Army({{ko-hhrm|국민회군|國民會軍}}) and Choi Jin-dong's Military Affair Command({{ko-hhrm|군무도독부|軍務都督府}}) was combined to Korean Northern Army Command({{ko-hhrm|대한북로독군부|大韓北路督軍府}}). They assembled troops and ready for huge advance operation.<ref>{{Cite web|title = The Academy of Korean Studies(한국학중앙연구원)  : 봉오동전투(Battle of Bongo-dong)|url = http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=577150&cid=46623&categoryId=46623}}</ref>

On June 4, 1920, troops of Korean Democratic Corps({{ko-hhrm|대한신민단|大韓新民團}}) attacked to Japanese army in [[Hamgyeongbuk-do]] Gangyang-dong({{ko-hhrm|강양동|江陽洞}}). The next day Japanese platoon chased independence army, Korean Northern Army Command assaulted on Japanese pursuers in Samdunja({{ko-hhrm|삼둔자|三屯子}}) and defeated them.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 『한국독립운동사(韓國獨立運動史)』  : 한국일보사(Company of Hangook Ilbo), 1987}}</ref>

On the pretext of this war, Japanese Army organized into a battalion in 19th division which was stationed at Nanam({{ko-hhrm|나남|羅南}}). The battalion launched an attack on Bongo-dong({{ko-hhrm|봉오동|鳳梧洞}}). Independence combined arms led by Hong Beom-do hid in ambush for mountain of Bongo-dong and besieged the pursuers battalion in three ways and destroyed them. The Japanese army withdrew with many casualties.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 두산백과(Doopedia)  : 봉오동전투(Battle of Bongo-dong)|url = http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1103499&cid=40942&categoryId=31778}}</ref>

===influence===
The Battle of Bongo-dong was a first large scale battle between Korean independence army and Japanese army in [[Manchuria]] which was chinese land. All Korean army included Korean Northern Army Command had high morale as the battle's win. This war served as a momentum that Independence war were more briskly operated in 1920s.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 두산백과(Doopedia)  : 봉오동전투(Battle of Bongo-dong)|url = http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1103499&cid=40942&categoryId=31778}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{ko icon}} 한국민족문화대사전 (Ethnic Korean Culture Dictionary)
* {{ko icon}} [http://hongbumdo.org Homepage of General Hong Beom-do]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hong, Beom-do}}
[[Category:1868 births]]
[[Category:1943 deaths]]
[[Category:Korean generals]]
[[Category:Korean independence activists]]
[[Category:Korean expatriates in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Koryo-saram]]