Kazakhstan Encyclopedia - User contributions [en]

First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

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[[File:ICCPR-OP1-members.png|thumb|right|400px|Parties to the First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
{{legend|#008000|states parties}}
{{legend|#00ff00|non-state parties signatories}}
{{legend|#b9b9b9|non-state parties non-signatories}}]]
The '''First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights''' is an international treaty establishing an individual complaint mechanism for the [[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]] (ICCPR). It was adopted by the [[UN General Assembly]] on 16 December 1966, and entered into force on 23 March 1976. As of September 2013, it had 35 signatories and 115 states parties.<ref name="status">{{cite web |url=http://indicators.ohchr.org/ |title=UN Treaty Collection, Status of the First Optional Protocol to the ICCPR |publisher=UN OHCHR |accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref> One of the ratifying states—[[Jamaica]]—has denounced the convention.

==Summary==

The Optional Protocol establishes an individual complaints mechanism for the ICCPR similar to those of the [[Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities]] and Article 14 of the [[Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination]]. Parties agree to recognise the competence of the UN [[Human Rights Committee]] to consider complaints from individuals who claim their rights under the Covenant have been violated.<ref>OP1-ICCPR, Article 1.</ref> Complainants must have exhausted all domestic remedies, and anonymous complaints are not permitted.<ref>OP1-ICCPR, Articles 2 and 3.</ref> The Committee must bring complaints to the attention of the relevant party, which must respond within six months.<ref>OP1-ICCPR, Article 4.</ref> Following consideration, the Committee must forward its conclusions to the party and the complainant.<ref>OP1-ICCPR, Article 5.</ref>

While not expressly provided for in the Protocol, the HRC regards the recognition of its competence to hear complaints as imposing an obligation not to hinder access to the Committee and to prevent any retaliation against complainants.<ref name="hrc-gc33">Paragraph 4, {{cite web |title=HRC General Comment 33: Obligations of States Parties under the Optional Protocol |url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/CCPR.C.GC.33.pdf |publisher=UN HRC |date=5 November 2008 |accessdate=22 December 2008}}</ref> It regards its findings as authoritative determinations of obligations under the Covenant, and their adoption as being required in order to provide an "effective remedy" under Article 2 of the ICCPR.<ref>''HRC General Comment 33'', paragraphs 13–14.</ref>

The Optional Protocol required ten ratifications to come into force.<ref>OP1-ICCPR, Article 9.</ref>

==Reservations==

A number of parties have made reservations and interpretative declarations to their application of the Optional Protocol.

[[Austria]] does not recognise the jurisdiction of the HRC to consider complaints which have already been examined by the [[European Commission on Human Rights]].<ref name="status"/>

[[Chile]], [[Croatia]], [[El Salvador]], France, Germany, [[Guatemala]], [[Malta]], Russia, [[Slovenia]], [[Sri Lanka]], and [[Turkey]] consider the Optional Protocol to only apply to complaints which arose after it entered into force for those countries.<ref name="status"/>

[[Croatia]], [[Denmark]], France, Germany, [[Iceland]], Ireland, Italy, [[Luxembourg]], [[Malta]], [[Norway]], [[Poland]], [[Romania]], Russia, [[Slovenia]], Spain, [[Sri Lanka]], [[Sweden]], [[Turkey]] and [[Uganda]] do not recognise the jurisdiction of the HRC to consider complaints which have already been considered under another international complaint procedure.<ref name="status"/>

Germany and [[Turkey]] do not recognise the jurisdiction of the HRC to hear complaints resulting from Article 26 of the ICCPR, covering discrimination and equality before the law, except insofar as they relate to rights expressly affirmed in the Covenant.<ref name="status"/>

[[Guyana]] and [[Trinidad and Tobago]] do not recognise the jurisdiction of the HRC to hear complaints relating to their use of the death penalty.<ref name="status"/>

[[Venezuela]] does not recognise the competence of the HRC to hear complaints regarding in-absentia trials for offences against the republic.<ref name="status"/>

==Decisions==
* [[Toonen v. Australia]] (1994) – held that sexual orientation was included in the treaty's antidiscrimination provisions as a protected status.
* [[Waldman v. Canada]] (1999) – religious discrimination in school funding.
* [[Diergaardt v. Namibia]] (2000) – linguistic discrimination in communication with authorities.
* [[Ignatāne v. Latvia]] (2001) – non-objective way of evaluating official language skills of a candidate in elections.

==See also==
* [[Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women]]
* [[Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities]]
* [[Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights]]
* [[Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr-one.htm Text of the Optional Protocol]
* [http://indicators.ohchr.org/ List of parties]
* [http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/index.htm Human Rights Committee], the Protocol's monitoring body.

{{Human rights}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Civil and Political Rights Covenant 1st Optional Protocol}}
[[Category:Human rights instruments]]
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Eversmann's hamster

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{{Taxobox
| name = Eversmann's hamster
| image =
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{IUCN2008 |assessor=Tsytsulina, K. |assessor2=Formozov, N. |assessor3=Sheftel, B. |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2008 |title=Allocricetulus eversmanni |id=875 |downloaded=11 February 2009}}</ref>
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| classis = [[Mammalia]]
| ordo = [[Rodent]]ia
| familia = [[Cricetidae]]
| genus = ''[[Allocricetulus]]''
| species = '''''A. eversmanni'''''
| binomial = ''Allocricetulus eversmanni''
| binomial_authority = (Brandt, 1859)
| synonyms =
}}

'''Eversmann's hamster''' (''Allocricetulus eversmanni'') is a [[species]] of [[hamster]] in the family [[Cricetidae]], and is one of two members of the genus Allocricetulus. It has been named after the Russian naturalist, zoologist, and explorer [[Eduard Friedrich Eversmann]]. It is [[endemism|endemic]] to [[Kazakhstan]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Hamster}}

[[Category:Hamsters]]
[[Category:Fauna of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Animals described in 1859]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of Kazakhstan]]

{{Cricetidae-stub}}

Black-throated accentor

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}}
{{Taxobox
| image = Black-throated Accentor - Kazakistan_S4E3967 (17037004490).jpg
| name = Black-throated accentor
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{IUCN|id=22718644 |title=''Prunella atrogularis'' |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2013 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}</ref>
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Passeriformes]]
| familia = [[Prunellidae]]
| genus = ''Prunella''
| species = '''''P. atrogularis'''''
| binomial = ''Prunella atrogularis''
| binomial_authority = ([[Johann Friedrich von Brandt|Brandt]], 1844)
}}

The '''black-throated accentor''' (''Prunella atrogularis'') is a small [[passerine]] [[bird]] found in the [[Ural Mountains|Ural]], [[Tian Shan]] and [[Altai Mountains]]. It is [[bird migration|migratory]], wintering in [[Afghanistan]] and neighboring countries. It is a rare vagrant in western [[Europe]].

The black-throated accentor builds a neat nest low in [[spruce]] thickets, laying 3-5 unspotted blue eggs. It winters in scrub or cultivation.

This is a [[Dunnock|dunnock-sized]] bird, 13.5–14 cm in length. It has a streaked dark brown back, somewhat resembling a [[house sparrow]], but adults have a black crown, face patch and throat, and a white [[supercilium]]. The breast is orange, and the belly white with orange stripes. Like other [[accentor]]s, this species has an insectivore's fine pointed bill.

Sexes are similar, but winter birds and juveniles are less contrasted. In particular, the dark throat may be almost absent in young birds.

The call is a fine ''ti-ti-ti'', and the song is similar to the dunnock's pleasant twittering.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{taxonbar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:accentor, black-throated}}
[[Category:Prunella|black-throated accentor]]
[[Category:Birds of Central Asia]]
[[Category:Ural Mountains]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1844|black-throated accentor]]

{{Passeroidea-stub}}

Kahar Barat

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{{Infobox academic
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Kahar Barat
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| main_interests = Buddhism and Islam in [[Xinjiang]].
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}}
'''Kahar Barat''' ({{zh|卡哈尔·巴拉提}}; born 1950) is an [[Uyghur people|Uyghur]]-American historian, known for his work on Buddhism and Islam in [[Xinjiang]].

Kahar Barat was born in [[Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture|Yili]] in 1950.
He earned his M.A. degree in [[Turkology]] from the Central University for Ethnic Minorities ([[Minzu University of China]]) in Beijing; he received his Ph.D. from [[Harvard University]] in 1993.
<ref name=iv>[http://www.thenewdominion.net/1833/uyghur-historian-kahar-barat-discusses-xinjiang-history-part-1/#more-1833 Uyghur Historian Kahar Barat Discusses Xinjiang History, Part 1], an English translation of Kahar Barat's interview by [[Wang Lixiong]]. (The Chinese original: [http://wanglixiong.com/2010/07/22.htm 新疆的古代王朝与宗教转换], "The old kingdoms of Xinjiang and religious conversions")</ref>
<ref name=yale>[http://www.yale.edu/nelc/kbarat.html Kahar Barat - faculty profile, Yale University]</ref> He later taught at [[Yale University]] and other institutions.<ref>[http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/university-news/2005/04/01/nelc-to-suffer-the-loss-of-key-language-professors.print NELC to suffer the loss of key language professors]</ref>

In 2000, Kahar Barat published an annotated English edition of parts of "The [[Chagatai language|Uygur-Turkic]] biography of the seventh-century Chinese Buddhist Pilgrim [[Xuanzang]]".<ref>{{citation
|first=Kahar |last=Barat|editor-first=Kahar |editor-last=Barat
|publisher=Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies |year=2000
|isbn=0-933070-46-2
|title=The Uygur-Turkic biography of the seventh-century Chinese Buddhist Pilgrim Xuanzang, ninth and tenth chapters
|series =Volume 166 of Indiana University publications. Uralic and Altaic series
|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NilkAAAAMAAJ
}}</ref>

Barat's recent book, named ''Maymaq Uyghurlar'' ("Warped Uyghurs", in Uyghur) discusses the plight of Xinjiang's artists, who find themselves in the position of packaging the Uyghur culture for consumption by outside audiences.<ref name=iv/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barat, Kahar}}
[[Category:Uyghurs]]
[[Category:American historians]]
[[Category:Historians of China]]
[[Category:Central Asian studies]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Yale University faculty]]
[[Category:Minzu University of China alumni]]
[[Category:Chinese emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:American people of Uyghur descent]]

Grigory Potanin

2016-10-17T06:11:41Z

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[[File:Potanin.jpg|right|thumb|Grigory Nikolayaevich Potanin]]
:''This article is about Grigory Potanin. For other uses, see [[Potanin]].
{{wikisource|Author:Grigory Potanin}}

'''Grigory Nikolayevich Potanin''' (alt. Grigorij Potanin) ({{lang-ru|Григорий Николаевич Потанин}}; 4 October 1835 – 6 June 1920) was a [[Russian people|Russian]] ethnographer and natural historian. He was a [[Victorian-era]] explorer of [[Inner Asia]], and was the first to catalogue many of the area's native plants. On home soil, Potanin was an author and a political activist who aligned himself with the [[Siberian separatism|Siberian separatist movement]].

== Life ==

=== Early life ===
Potanin attended a [[Page Corps]] in [[Omsk]], a military school for children from wealthy families.<ref name = "ref2">{{cite web | url = http://irbis.asu.ru/docs/altai/art/gurkin/english/vues/potanin.html | title = The Drawings. The Great Siberians -- Potanin }}</ref>

Potanin initially travelled to [[Siberia]] while serving with a [[Cossack]] division in [[Altai (city)|Altaj]] in the 1850s. He returned to [[Saint Petersburg]] in 1858 to study [[Mathematical Physics]]. He was arrested for his participation in student demonstrations in 1861, and expelled from [[Saint Petersburg University]]. After spending three months in [[Petropavlovskaya fortress]], he returned to Siberia.<ref name = "ref1">{{cite web | url = http://www.prometeus.nsc.ru/eng/partner/intrview.ssi | title = Potaninskaya Library - Interview with Angelica Conner | publisher = Potaninskaya Library}}</ref>

After leaving prison, he travelled to Siberia with [[Nikolai M. Yadrintsev]], where he began to work as a publisher. Due to his support for regionality and rights for [[Siberian peoples]], he was arrested on charges of supporting [[separatism]] for Siberia in 1867. Convicted, he was sentenced to three years in [[prison]] and fifteen of [[hard labour]]. His hard labour was reduced to five years, and during those five years he wrote a book on the history of Siberia.<ref name = "ref1" />

In 1876, Potanin led an expedition into [[Mongolia]]. The expedition spent the winter of 1876-1877 in [[Khovd (city)|Kobdo]], with bitter cold and few provisions. While there, the expedition collected various [[biological specimen]]s and conducted [[ethnology|ethnological]] research. The expedition split into two parts upon leaving the city in the middle of March, 1877. Some members went to [[Han-Chai]], while Potanin and some others left for [[Hami City|Hami]] and [[Uliastai]].<ref name = "JSTOR1">{{cite journal | title = Brief Notice of M. Prejevalsky's Recent Journey to Lob-Nor and Tibet, and Other Russian Explorations | author = E. Delmar Morgan | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London | year = 1877 | publisher = The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) | volume = 22 | pages = 51–53 | doi = 10.2307/1799729 | issue = 1 | jstor=1799729}}</ref>

=== 1884-1886 expedition ===
Potanin journeyed to northern [[China]] from 1884 to 1886 with [[Augustus Ivonovitch Skassi]]. His expedition departed [[Peking]] on May 13, 1884. The expedition travelled first over the [[Wutaishan|U-tai-shan]] mountains, arriving in [[Hohhot]]. The expedition left Hohhot and travelled across the [[Yellow River]] into the [[Ordos Desert]]. They travelled to the ruins of [[Borobalgassun]] and from there on to [[Lanzhou|Lang-chau]]. He encountered a [[Turkic people]] called the [[Salar people|Salars]], and Potanin recorded information about [[Salar language|their language]]. He then spent time recording the cultural practices of the [[Upper Mongols|Amdos Mongol]]s. The party then travelled to [[Xining|Si-ning]] and met its governor, who authorised their travel into eastern [[Tibet]]. They departed Si-ning and went to [[Min County|Ming-chau]], crossing the high altitude [[Tibetan Plateau]], where they recorded information on the native vegetation. There, the expedition visited [[Gui-dui]], [[Bóunan]], [[Labrang]] and [[Josi]] before reaching Ming-chau. The expedition ran out of supplies in [[Songpan County|Sung-pang-ting]], and turned back towards [[Lanzhou|Lang-chau]], stopping in [[Lung-an-fu]], [[Wen County, Gansu|Ven-hsien]], [[Tse-chau]], [[Hung-chang-fu]] and [[Lintao County|Di-dao]]. They spent the winter of 1885 in the [[Kumbum Monastery]], before returning to Russia.<ref name = "JSTOR2">{{cite journal | title = Potanin's Journey in North-Western China and Eastern Tibet | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, New Monthly Series | volume = 9 |date=April 1887 | pages = 233–235 | doi = 10.2307/1801220 | issue = 4 | publisher = Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, Vol. 9, No. 4 | jstor=1801220}}. (This can also be found at https://books.google.com/books?id=acqfAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA233 )</ref>

While there, he was the first foreigner to report on the [[Eastern Yugur language|East Yugur]] and [[Western Yugur language|West Yugur]] languages, making a glossary that was published with assistance from [[Vasily Radlov]] in his book on the expedition, ''[[The Tangut-Tibetan Borderlands of China and Central Mongolia]]'' in 1893.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120316172207/http://altaica.ru/LIBRARY/POPPE/poppe_salar.pdf</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.arcor.de/marcmarti/yugur/yugurol.htm |title=Yugurology |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20031005162152/http://home.arcor.de/marcmarti/yugur/yugurol.htm |archivedate=October 5, 2003 }}</ref><ref name="Potanin1893">{{cite book|author=Grigoriĭ Nikolaevich Potanin|title=Tangutsko-Tibetskai͡a okraina Kitai͡a i TSentralnai͡a Mongolii͡a|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=crgQAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=1893}}</ref><ref name="Потанин1893">{{cite book|author=Григорий Николаевич Потанин|title=Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголія: путешествіе Г.Н. Потанина 1884-1886. Том 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1QMyAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=1893|publisher=Тип. А.С. Суворина}}</ref><ref name="Потанин1893 1">{{cite book|author=Григорий Николаевич Потанин|title=Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголія: путешествіе Г.Н. Потанина 1884-1886|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_PwTAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=1893|publisher=Тип. А.С. Суворина}}</ref><ref>http://members.home.nl/marcmarti/yugur/biblio/ROOS_WesternYugurLanguage.pdf</ref> The book also contains a language glossary for the [[Salar language]].<ref name = "JSTOR2" /><ref name="Potanin1893 1">{{cite book|author=Grigoriĭ Nikolaevich Potanin|title=Tangutsko-Tibetskai͡a okraina Kitai͡a i TSentralnai͡a Mongolii͡a|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=crgQAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA426#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=1893|pages=1–}}</ref><ref name="Потанин1893 2">{{cite book|author=Григорий Николаевич Потанин|title=Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголія: путешествіе Г.Н. Потанина 1884-1886|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_PwTAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA426#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=1893|publisher=Тип. А.С. Суворина|pages=426–}}</ref><ref name="Потанин1893 3">{{cite book|author=Григорий Николаевич Потанин|title=Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголія: путешествіе Г.Н. Потанина 1884-1886. Том 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1QMyAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA426#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=1893|publisher=Тип. А.С. Суворина|pages=426–}}</ref>

=== Later life ===
In 1889, Potanin led the group that formed the first [[University]] in Russian Asia, [[Tomsk State University]], in [[Tomsk]].<ref name = "ref2" />

Potanin was arrested in 1905 for his support of the [[Revolution of 1905]].<ref name = "ref1" />

Potanin was a leading light in the ''[[oblastniki]]'' which aimed at some degree of regional self-government for Siberia, but this movement lacked any party or regional organisation, and was limited to a small group of intellectuals mainly based at Tomsk University. It was here that they organised a Regional Conference in August 1917, and a Congress in October to draft a constitution for an autonomous Siberia. Potanin was elected chairman of the [[Provisional Siberian Council]] 8 December 1918 at Tomsk by delegates from the major centres of Siberia. But this assembly was largely dominated by the [[Socialist-Revolutionary Party|Esery]] (Social Revolutionaries, SRs), and Potanin resented being used as a mere figurehead and resigned in protest 12 January 1918 as the first ''Siboduma'' convened. Subsequently he abandoned the idea of Siberian autonomy in favour of a strong central authority able to restore order and defeat the [[Bolsheviks]].<ref>J.D. Smele (1996) Civil War in Siberia CUP, 1996, p19-20.</ref> The members of ''Siboduma'' dispersed or were rounded up by local [[Red Guards (Russia)|Red Guards]] on the night of January 25–26, 1918. Potanin died at Tomsk in June 1920.

Potaninskaya Street in [[Novosibirsk]], Russia, is named after him.

A [[species]] of Chinese [[skink]], ''[[Scincella|Scincella potanini]]'', is named in his honor.<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Potanin", p. 210).</ref> The handsome Chinese tree ''[[Sumac|Rhus potaninii]]'' which glows like a red banner in autumn also bears his name.<ref>http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012709</ref> Also the asteroid [[9915 Potanin]], discovered in 1977, bears his name.
{{Botanist|Potanin|Po}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Potanin, Grigorij Nikolaevich}}
[[Category:1835 births]]
[[Category:1920 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Pavlodar Region]]
[[Category:Turkologists]]
[[Category:Russian orientalists]]
[[Category:Russian explorers]]
[[Category:Explorers of Asia]]
[[Category:Explorers of Central Asia]]
[[Category:Siberian nationalism]]

University of Central Asia

2016-10-11T07:47:29Z

Yobot: /* Aga Khan Humanities Project (AKHP) */Removed invisible unicode characters + other fixes, replaced: → using AWB (12095)

{{About|the university in Khorog, Naryn, and Tekeli|the American university in Bishkek|American University of Central Asia}}

{{refimprove|date=February 2013}}
{{Infobox university
|name = University of Central Asia
|image = File:UCA-Logo-Blue.png
|established = 2000
|type = [[International university]]
|chancellor = [[Aga Khan IV|His Highess the Aga Khan]]
|city = [[Khorog]], [[Tajikistan]] [[Naryn]], [[Kyrgyzstan]] [[Tekeli, Kazakhstan|Tekeli]], [[Kazakhstan]]
|website = [http://www.ucentralasia.org/ www.ucentralasia.org]
|}}
The '''University of Central Asia''' (UCA) was founded in 2000. The presidents of [[Tajikistan]], the [[Kyrgyz Republic]] and [[Kazakhstan]] and His Highness the [[Aga Khan]] signed the International Treaty and Charter establishing this secular, not-for-profit, private university that was ratified by the respective parliaments and registered with the United Nations. The Presidents are Patrons of UCA and His Highness the Aga Khan is the Chancellor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ucentralasia.org/About|title=About the University of Central Asia (UCA) - University of Central Asia|website=www.ucentralasia.org|access-date=2016-10-10}}</ref>

UCA was established to offer an internationally recognised standard of higher education in Central Asia and prepare graduates to contribute leadership, ideas and innovation to the economies and communities of the region. UCA’s mission is to foster the socio-economic development of Central Asia, particularly its mountain societies, while helping the peoples of the region preserve and draw upon their rich cultural heritages as assets for the future. The university is advancing construction of three campuses in [[Khorog]], [[Tajikistan]]; [[Naryn]], [[Kyrgyzstan|Kyrgyz Republic]]; and [[Tekeli, Kazakhstan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=About the University of Central Asia (UCA) |url=http://www.ucentralasia.org/about.asp|website=University of Central Asia|accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref>

In the meantime, several UCA initiatives offer professional training and research opportunities and resources. These include the School of Professional and Continuing Education, the Institute of Public Policy and Administration, the Mountain Societies Research Institute, the Cultural Heritage and Humanities Unit, the Central Asian Faculty Development Programme and the Aga Khan Humanities Project. The University brings with it the commitment and partnership of the [[Aga Khan Development Network]]. For more information on UCA, please visit [http://www.ucentralasia.org www.ucentralasia.org].

Currently, the Director General of UCA is in charge of operations and planning at the Central Administration office in [[Bishkek]], [[Kyrgyz Republic]].

==Campuses and Facilities==
UCA is building three residential campuses in Khorog, Tajikistan; Naryn, the Kyrgyz Republic; and Tekeli, Kazakhstan;<ref>{{cite web|title=Campus Construction|url=http://www.ucentralasia.org/cfd.asp|website=University of Central Asia|accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref> — creating one of Central Asia’s largest and most ambitious construction projects with the expertise of internationally renowned architects and designers.

[[File:UCA SPCE Khorog.jpg|thumb|UCA SPCE Khorog]][[File:UCA SPCE Naryn.jpg|thumb|UCA SPCE Naryn]]The three campuses, hosting academic, administrative, residential, library, cultural and athletic facilities, will occupy between 280,000 and 300,000 square meters divided equally across the campuses and will accommodate a residential population of almost 4000 students, faculty and staff. [[Park]]lands will surround each UCA campus and will be open to the general public.

The campuses are being planned by Japanese [[architect]] [[Arata Isozaki]]. Site designs and University parks are being developed by [[Sasaki Associates]] of [[Watertown, Massachusetts|Watertown]], Massachusetts, United States.

[[File:UCA SPCE Tekeli.jpg|thumb|UCA SPCE Tekeli]]

Until all the campuses are built, research and other preparations are being carried out in offices in larger cities. For example, the Kyrgyzstan office is in [[Bishkek]].

===Khorog, Tajikistan===
[[Khorog]] is the capital of the [[Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province|Badakhshan Autonomous Region]] of [[Tajikistan]]. It is at an altitude of 2100 metres in the heart of the [[Pamir Mountains]], near [[Afghanistan]], northern [[Pakistan]], and southwest [[Xinjiang]] in the [[China|People’s Republic of China]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Campus Development: Khorog, Tajikistan|url=http://www.ucentralasia.org/cfd_development_khorog.asp|website=University of Central Asia}}</ref> The campus site, known locally as [[Dasht, Tajikistan]], is an elevated triangular terrace northwest of the town centre. Future expansion will occur in [[Porshnev]] village, 16 km down the [[Panj River]] from Khorog.

===Naryn, Kyrgyz Republic===
[[Naryn Province|Naryn]] [[oblast]] is at the geographical heart of the [[Tian Shan|Tien-Shan]] mountain range and of [[Kyrgyzstan]], sharing borders with four of the nation’s six other provinces. Its capital, [[Naryn]], is four hours by car from the Kyrgyz capital of [[Bishkek]] and an equal distance from [[Kashgar]] in the [[China|People's Republic of China]]. [[Ak-Kya]], the UCA campus site, is along a bend of the [[Naryn River]], 12 km downstream from the city.

===Tekeli, Kazakhstan===
[[Tekeli, Kazakhstan|Tekeli]] is a 35-minute drive east of the regional capital, [[Taldy-Korgan]], and is three hours by car from [[Kazakhstan]]’s largest city, [[Almaty]]. The town sits at the mouth of the narrow valley along the Kazak [[steppe]] in the historic [[Jetisuw]] (or "Seven Rivers") region. It borders the [[Alatau]] and [[Dzungaria]] mountain ranges, with the [[Altai Mountains]] further north.

==Organisation and Academic Programmes==

===Undergraduate School of Arts and Sciences===
The School of Arts and Sciences offers a five-year degree<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ucentralasia.org/Schools/ArtsAndSciences|title=The School of Arts and Sciences (Undergraduate) - University of Central Asia|website=www.ucentralasia.org|access-date=2016-10-10}}</ref> to instill graduates with global knowledge, leadership skills, and initiative. The course will include required foundation courses emphasizing [[critical thinking]] and interdisciplinary approaches; concentrations in the [[humanities]], [[natural science]]s, the [[social science]]s, and [[management]]; and research requirements.

Undergraduate classes at the University of Central Asia’s (UCA) Naryn, Kyrgyz Republic campus commenced on 5 September 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ucentralasia.org/Resources/Item/1222|title=Classes Begin for the University of Central Asia’s First Undergraduate Students - University of Central Asia|website=www.ucentralasia.org|access-date=2016-10-10}}</ref> The 71 students admitted through a competitive, transparent and merit-based admissions process come from Tajikistan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Kazakhstan,Afghanistan and Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ucentralasia.org/Resources/Item/1222|title=Classes Begin for the University of Central Asia’s First Undergraduate Students - University of Central Asia|website=www.ucentralasia.org|access-date=2016-10-10}}</ref>

===Graduate School of Development===
The is organised to address the unique resources and needs of the region by generating a pool of highly skilled professionals and decision-makers, and fostering policy-oriented research in the fields of:
* Business and Economic Development;
* Education Policy;
* Natural Resource Management and Environment;
* Public Administration and Public Policy;
* Rural and Regional Development;
* Tourism and Leisure Studies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ucentralasia.org/Schools/GraduateSchoolOfDevelopment|title=The Graduate School of Development - University of Central Asia|website=www.ucentralasia.org|access-date=2016-10-10}}</ref>
When the first undergraduate class matriculates in 2021, UCA will launch the Graduate School's first interdisciplinary masters programme.

===School of Professional and Continuing Education (SPCE)===
The School of Professional and Continuing Education [http://www.ucentralasia.org/spce.htm (SPCE)] will offer formal, university-based, non-degree educational programmes, including [[Vocational education|vocational]], professional development and personal improvement opportunities for youth and adults. Established in 2006, SPCE is UCA's first operational academic programme and aims to foster [[economic development]]. It offers courses that improve [[employment]] and income generating opportunities, as well as professional development opportunities for mid-career professionals.

SPCE has programmes in:
* Enterprise Development and Management for entrepreneurs to start and improve small enterprises or for professionals in finance and management who need to upgrade their qualifications.
* Information Technology and New Mediaf or current and prospective IT professionals as well as business management and administration staff seeking to upgrade their skills.
* Applied Languages for entrepreneurs, students and professionals seeking higher competencies in English, Russian, and Chinese for purposes such as business or education.
* Public and Social Sector Management for policy administrators, public officials and managers in education, government and public health.
* Vocational Education and Training for those seeking skills and experienced skilled workers looking to upgrade skills and qualifications. Vocational courses that are or will be offered include carpentry, construction, painting and plastering.
* Post-Graduate Preparatory Programmes for undergraduate and graduate students seeking to enhance their analytical and critical thinking skills for future study.
* Professional Development for mid-career public servants and other professionals seeking knowledge or skills in a format less demanding and more flexible than full-time study. Professional development courses that are or will be offered include accounting, language for specific purposes, computers and information technology, small business management, and tourism planning and development.
* Personal Development and Improvement for those interested in short-term courses teaching best practices in leadership, critical thinking, problem solving, decision-making and other skills to address the social and economic needs of their communities

===Aga Khan Humanities Project (AKHP)===
Established in 1997 by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, AKHP was inherited by UCA in 2007 and has become an important node for the University, developing and delivering resources, training and courses through its innovative curriculum, faculty development and Humanities in English programmes. AKHP is also contributing to the University School of Arts and Sciences' undergraduate core curriculum.

Through a growing network of partner universities in the region, AKHP is transforming the study of the humanities in Central Asia. This regional Project is located at UCA Dushanbe, Tajikistan, and has partnerships and programmes in all three of UCA's Founding States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ucentralasia.org/Schools/HumanitiesProject|title=The Aga Khan Humanities Project - University of Central Asia|website=www.ucentralasia.org|access-date=2016-10-10}}</ref>

===Other programmes===
;English Preparatory Support
At UCA, English will be the language of instruction for all degree courses. Most incoming students will need some preparation in English and [[computing]]. Therefore, UCA is establishing a one-year preparatory programme for undergraduates and a three-month programme for graduate students.

;Distance Education
To make the University accessible to populations living in more isolated areas, UCA is establishing a [[distance education]] programme that will use information technologies and distance education teaching and learning.

;Music Programme
UCA is developing a music programme that will provide instruction, research and performance opportunities in the [[Music of Central Asia|musical traditions of Central Asia]]. The programme will support UCA’s academic programmes, enrich the cultural life of the three campuses and complement the work of the [[Aga Khan Music Initiative in Central Asia]].

==Research==
The UCA Research Programme will focus on addressing issues of [[Socioeconomics|socio-economic]] development and [[culture|cultural]] preservation in [[Central Asia]], with particular emphasis on [[mountain]] regions. UCA has three research institutes including the Mountain Societies Research Institute (MSRI), the Institute of Public Policy and Administration (IPPA) and the Cultural Heritage and Humanities Unit (CHHU).

=== Mountain Societies Research Institute (MSRI) ===
MSRI is an interdisciplinary research institute established in 2011, dedicated to addressing the challenges and opportunities within Central Asian mountain communities and environments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ucentralasia.org/Research/MSRI|title=Mountain Societies Research Institute - University of Central Asia|website=www.ucentralasia.org|access-date=2016-10-10}}</ref>

=== Institute of Public Policy and Administration (IPPA) ===
IPPA was established in 2011 to strengthen public policy in Central Asia. It provides in-depth analysis on current and emerging policy issues facing the region, and improves the analytical capacity of governments and civil society to use evidence in decision-making processes through professional development.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ucentralasia.org/Research/ippa|title=Institute of Public Policy and Administration (IPPA) - University of Central Asia|website=www.ucentralasia.org|access-date=2016-10-10}}</ref>

=== Cultural Heritage and Humanities Unit (CHHU) ===
Launched in 2013, CHHU is advancing the University’s mission by preserving and promoting the unique and diverse cultural heritages of the region through research, documentation, archiving and support of regional scholars.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ucentralasia.org/Research/CulturalHeritageAndHumanitiesUnit|title=Cultural Heritage and Humanities Unit - University of Central Asia|website=www.ucentralasia.org|access-date=2016-10-10}}</ref>

=== The Central Asian Faculty Development Programme (CAFDP) ===
CAFDP offers support for Central Asian scholars to pursue doctoral studies on the understanding that upon graduation they agree to serve as UCA faculty for a minimum of five years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ucentralasia.org/Research/cafdp|title=The Central Asian Faculty Development Programme (CAFDP) - University of Central Asia|website=www.ucentralasia.org|access-date=2016-10-10}}</ref>

==Sources==
{{reflist}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.cacianalyst.org/view_article.php?articleid=307 |title=University of Central Asia Founded by Aga Khan Foundation, Central Asia Caucasus Institute, November 8, 2000 |accessdate=2006-12-05}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.mtnforum.org/apmn/6,1,d.htm#9 |title=New Central Asian University |accessdate=2006-12-05}}

==See also==
*[[Aga Khan Development Network]]
*[http://www.ucentralasia.org/current_vacancies.asp Current Vacancies — University of Central Asia]
*[http://www.ucentralasia.org/publications.asp ''Q-News'' magazine. Bishkek: UCA, 2013, 2014.]
*[http://www.ucentralasia.org/ippa.asp#publications Institute of Public Policy and Administration Working and Occasional Paper Series]
*[http://www.ucentralasia.org/downloads/UCA-CH-Publications-Flyer-Eng.pdf UCA Cultural Heritage Book Series]
*[http://msri.ucentralasia.org/publications.asp Mountain Societies Research Institute Background Paper Series]
*[http://msri-hub.ucentralasia.org/ Mountain Societies Research Institute Knowledge Hub]

==External links==
*[http://www.ucentralasia.org UCA official website]
*[http://www.akdn.org/uca/uca.htm Aga Khan Development Network website]
*[http://www.akdn.org/news/mountain.html Aga Khan Development Network in Mountain Areas]
*[http://www.isozaki.co.jp Arata Isosaki]
*[http://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/calgary-group-brings-hope-to-central-asia “Calgary group brings hope to Central Asia.” Calgary Herald, 27 April 2015]
*[http://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/aga-khan-works-to-build-a-better-world "Aga Khan works to build a better world.” Calgary Herald, 27 April 2015]

{{coord missing|Kazakhstan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Central Asia, University of}}
[[Category:2000 establishments in Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Aga Khan Development Network]]
[[Category:Intergovernmental universities]]
[[Category:Universities in Tajikistan]]
[[Category:Universities in Kyrgyzstan]]
[[Category:Universities in Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2000]]

Turan ensemble

2016-10-08T07:56:18Z

Yobot: /* Experience */WP:CHECKWIKI error fixes using AWB (12095)

[[File:Kazhakhstan a Paris.Turan ensemble.2.jpg|thumbnail|Turan Ensemble in Paris, 1 November 2014]]
'''Turan Ensemble''' (also named Тұран, or Turan Ethno Folk Band) is a [[Kazakhstan|Kazakh]] folk music band, which was created in 2008 by several students of Kazakh National Conservatory named after [[Kurmangazy District|Kurmangazy]].<ref name="hse">{{cite journal|url=https://www.hse.ru/data/2015/03/24/1093295349/Final_Program-libre.pdf|journal=Postmodernity’s Musical Pasts: Rediscoveries and Revivals after 1945|title=All that is New is Old Again: The Cultural Politics of Kazakhstan’s Turan Ensemble|author=Megan Rancier|publisher=The Barry S. Brook Center for Music Research and Documentation|page=13|date=14 March 2015|accessdate=2015-11-26}}</ref>

According to the biography from their company website, Turan ensemble is a band composed of five members: Abzal Arykbaev, Maxat (Maksat) Medeubek, Bauirzhan Bekmukhanbetov, Serik Nurmoldaev, Erzhigit Aliyev. Abzal Arykbaev is good at throat singing.<ref name="KsproductionBiografiya">{{cite web|url=http://www.eng.ksproduction.kz/biografiya-turan.html|title=Turan's biography » Продюсерский центр KSPRODUCTION|publisher=eng.ksproduction.kz|accessdate=2015-11-25}}</ref>

The band usually play popular folk instruments such as [[dombra]], [[Jetigen|zhetigen]], [[kobyz]], [[sybyzgy]], sherter, [[Jew's harp|shankobyz]] and some others. They usually wear ancient Kazakh costume when performance which strengthen the feeling of ancient [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]]. As artists-in-residence at the Museum of Kazakh Folk Musical Instruments,<ref name="hse"/> the Turan ensemble want to find new way remodeling folk music by using these ancient Kazakh musical instruments.

== Experience ==
Under the auspices of the Kazakh Ministry of Culture, the Turan ensemble has toured Central Asia, Europe and the United States.<ref name="hse"/> The ensemble has participated in a number of international events, and has released recordings of their work:
*From 2008 to 2015, Turan ensemble attend a lot of music festivals, and made numerous successful performances all over the world.
*In August 2008, Turan became a member of the international festival "Young Euro Classic" in Berlin, and their performance in Germany received a good response<ref name="Thebeijinger">{{cite web|url=http://www.thebeijinger.com/events/2015/sep/ensemble-turan-turan-kazakh-traditional-music|title=Ensemble TURAN (Тұран, Kazakh Traditional Music)|publisher=the Beijinger|accessdate=2015-11-27}}</ref>
*In November 2009, the Turan ensemble made a very successful concert tour of the United States, performing in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Washington DC, Boston and New York.<ref name="Thebeijinger"/>
*Spring 2010, the ensemble's first CD ''Turan'' was released.
*April 2010, Turan conduct a solo concert in Israel.
*August 2010, Ensemble became a member of the World Grand kurultay "Turan" in Hungary. Lots of world media reported their performance.
*In 2011, Turan ensemble performed in many countries representing [[Kazakhstan]].
*Performance In Bundestkunsthalle (Berlin).
*Attend the opening of the first Kazakh cinema festival "Kazakhstan: a kaleidoscope of pictures" in Los Angeles, USA.
*performance in [[Hammer Museum]], [[University of California, Los Angeles|UCLA]].<ref name="ucla">{{cite web|url=http://hammer.ucla.edu/programs-events/2011/06/turan/|title=Turan - Hammer Museum|publisher=hammer.ucla.edu|accessdate=2015-11-25}}</ref>
*Award winner at ethnic festival "Sharq Taronalari-2011" in [[Samarkand, Uzbekistan]]
*Solo concert in [[Barcelona, Spain]], in [[Yekaterinburg, Russia]], in Stuttgart, Frankfurt, Munich, Düsseldorf (Germany).
*Release the second album "El turan"
*October 2013, performed at the 8-day "IIC Experience" festival in New Delhi, India<ref name="iicdelhi">{{cite web|url=http://www.iicdelhi.nic.in/ContentAttachments/Publications/635301449163371226_IIC%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%202013-14%205-3-2014.pdf|date=5 March 2014|title=India International Centre Annual Report 2013–2014|page=6|accessdate=2015-11-27}}</ref>
*November 2013, Turan ensemble conduct "Величие кюя" concert-lecture in Museum of Kazakh folk musical instruments.<ref name="almatylife">{{cite web|url=http://almatylife.kz/article/koncert-lekciya-veli4ie-kuya-s-ansamblem-turan|title=Концерт-лекция "Величие кюя" с ансамблем "Туран" - журнал AlmatyLife|publisher=almatylife.kz|accessdate=2015-11-25}}</ref>
*November 2014, solo concert in an exhibition about Kazakhstan culture, at Place du Palais-Royal, Paris, France, for the opening of direct [[Paris]] to [[Almaty]] airline (.<ref>Pictures has been taken during this event.</ref>
*December 2014, made a solo concert called "Ер Тұран" for the independence of Kazakhstan.<ref name="almatylife2">{{cite web|url=http://almatylife.kz/article/koncert-etno-folklornogo-ansamblya-tran-er-tran|title=Концерт этно - фольклорного ансамбля "Тұран" - "Ер Тұран" - журнал AlmatyLife|publisher=almatylife.kz|accessdate=2015-11-25}}</ref>
*October 2015, Turan attended the World Music Shanghai in China and performed at several places in Beijing and Shanghai.<ref name="Thebeijinger"/><ref name="mask9">{{cite web|url=http://mask9.com/node/209699|title=图兰乐团演奏专场 | 好戏网|publisher=mask9.com|accessdate=2015-11-25}}</ref><ref name="17wh">{{cite web|url=http://www.17wh.com/bgj/20150906/258939.html|title=福利｜2015上海世界音乐季——世界那么大我们带你听_微号网|publisher=17wh.com|accessdate=2015-11-25}}</ref>

==Photographs==
<gallery>
Turan.Abzal Arykbaev.Shankubyz.Шанкубыз.口弦-斯尔那依.jpg|Abzal Arykbaev [[Jew's harp|shankubyz]]
Turan.Bauirzhan Bekmukhanbetov.dombra.домбра.冬不拉.jpg|Bauirzhan Bekmukhanbetov [[dombra]]
Turan.Erzhigit Aliyev.Jetigen-жетіген.节特根.jpg|Erzhigit Aliyev [[jetigen]]
Turan.Maxat Medeubek.kobyz.Қобыз.库布孜.jpg|Maxat Medeubek [[kobyz]]
Turan.Serik Nurmoldaev.tambour chaman.shaman drum.萨满鼓.jpg|Serik Nurmoldaev shaman [[drum]]
</gallery>

== Classical tracks ==
Their classical tracks include:<ref name="douban">{{cite web|url=http://music.douban.com/subject/7162343/|title=Тұран (豆瓣)|publisher=music.douban.com|accessdate=2015-11-25}}</ref><ref name="ksproduction">{{cite web|url=http://eng.ksproduction.kz/turan/|title=Туран » Продюсерский центр KSPRODUCTION|publisher=eng.ksproduction.kz|accessdate=2015-11-25}}</ref>
*01-Er Turan【Anshilik-Аңшылық】<Ер Тұран>
*02-Er Turan【Elim ai-Елім ай】<Ер Тұран>
*03-Er Turan【Er Turan-Ер Тұран】<Ер Тұран>
*04-Er Turan【Inspiration-Вдохновение】<Ер Тұран>
*05-Er Turan【Jarapаzаn-Жарапазан】
*06-Er Turan【Kara jorga-Кара жорга】<Ер Тұран>
*07-Er Turan【Kazajstan-Қазақстан】
*08-Er Turan【Kazak land-Казак елi】<Тұран>
*09-Er Turan【Koroglu-Короглы】<Ер Тұран>
*10-Er Turan【Kossbassar】
*11-Er Turan【Lullaby-Колыбельная】<Тұран>
*12-Er Turan【Mothers Hand-Ана алақаны】<Тұран>
*13-Er Turan【Mukkagali Tolgyi-Мұқағали толғауы】<Ер Тұран>
*14-Er Turan【Orteke-Ортеке】<Ер Тұран>
*15-Er Turan【Koroglu-Короглы】<Тұран>
*16-Er Turan【Secret of feeling-Сезім сыры】<Тұран>
*17-Er Turan【Shaman】
*18-Er Turan【Swan-Аққу】<Ер Тұран>
*19-Er Turan【Tolgau-Толгау】<Тұран>
*20-Er Turan【Toy duman-Тоң думан】<Тұран>
*21-Er Turan【Zharapazan】

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5CQ9WPAsac|title=Қазақ елi - Kazakh Land | Voices of the Steppe | Ensemble Turan|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=2015-11-25}}

[[Category:Kazakhstani musical groups]]
[[Category:Folk music groups]]

Iris korolkowii

2016-09-23T06:08:11Z

Yobot: /* External links */WP:CHECKWIKI error fixes using AWB

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{italic title}}{{taxobox
|name = Iris korolkowii
|image =
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
|ordo = [[Asparagales]]
|familia = [[Iridaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Iridoideae]]
|tribus = [[Irideae]]
|genus = ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]''
|subgenus = ''[[Iris subg. Iris|Iris]]''
|sectio = ''Regelia''
|species = '''''Iris korolkowii'''''
|binomial = ''Iris korolkowii''
|binomial_authority = [[Eduard August von Regel|Regel]]
|synonyms = {{Species list
| Iris korolkowii var. concolor |Foster
|Iris korolkowii var. leichtliniana |Foster
|Iris korolkowii var. venosa |Foster
|Iris korolkowii var. violacea |Foster
<ref name=plantlist>{{cite web |title=Iris korolkowii Regel is an accepted name |date= 23 March 2012 |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-322021 |publisher=theplantlist.org ([[The Plant List]])|accessdate=23 May 2015}}</ref>}}
}}
'''''Iris korolkowii''''' is a species in the genus ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]'', it is also in the subgenus of [[Iris subg. Iris|Iris]] and in the Regelia section. It is a [[rhizomatous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]], from the mountains of [[Tien Shan]], [[Pamir Mountains|Pamir]] and [[Altai Mountains|Altai]], in [[Afghanistan]] and [[Turkestan]] (now part of [[Uzbekistan]]). It is commonly known as the ''Redvein Iris''. It has long, sword-shaped grey-green leaves, slender stem, and 2 to 3 white, cream, pale green or light purple flowers which are veined with maroon, chocolate brown or dark purple. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions.

==Description==
It has thick or stout rhizomes,<ref name=European>James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) {{Google books|CkxWrDqtWLQC|The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification (2011) |page=343}}</ref><ref name=bricknell>{{cite book|editor=Christopher Bricknell | title=Gardeners' Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers |origyear=1st. pub.=1989 |year=1994 |edition=Revised |page=522 |publisher=Dorling Kindersley |ISBN=978-0751301472}}</ref><ref name=ussr>{{cite web|first=V.L. | last=Komarov | year=1935 | title=Akademiya Nauk SSSR (FLORA of the U.S.S.R.) Vol. IV | publisher=archive.org | url=https://archive.org/stream/floraofussr04bota/floraofussr04bota_djvu.txt | accessdate=9 October 2014}}</ref> that are short and compact.<ref name=Lynch>Richard Lynch and Henry Ewbank {{Google books|grvYTul5CSUC|The Book of the Iris|pages=117-119}}</ref><ref name=cassidy>{{cite book |last1=Cassidy |first1=George E.| last2=Linnegar | first2=Sidney | date=1987 |edition=Revised | title= Growing Irises |location=Bromley | publisher=Christopher Helm | page=124 | isbn=0-88192-089-4}}</ref> It also has long secondary roots, the fleshy, thin [[stolon]]s,<ref name=European/><ref name=efloras>{{cite web |title=Russian Ornamental |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=120&taxon_id=242442466 |publisher=efloras.org (Flora of China) |accessdate=23 May 2015}}</ref> that penetrate into the ground for minerals to feed the plant.<ref name=irisbotanique>{{cite web |title=Chapitre I (partie 8) Les Regelia |url=http://irisbotanique.over-blog.com/categorie-0.html&usg=ALkJrhh70LNmXSsW7XWSPOAq9g9rjg4IpQ |publisher=irisbotanique.over-blog.com |accessdate=18 May 2015}}</ref> They are shorter than ''[[Iris stolonifera]]'' and ''[[Iris hoogiana]]''.<ref name=handbook>{{cite web |first=William |last=Dykes |authorlink=William Rickatson Dykes |title=Handbook of Garden Irises |year=2009 |url=http://www.beardlessiris.org/reviews/handbook%20of%20garden%20irises%20-%20dykes.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=beardlessiris.org (The Group for Beardless Irises) |accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref>
The top of the rhizome, has the fibrous remains of last seasons leaves.<ref name=European/>

It has linear,<ref name=irisbotanique/> ensiform (sword-shaped),<ref name=Lynch/><ref name=flowerlib>{{cite web |title=Regelia iris |url=http://flowerlib.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000035/st026.shtml |publisher=flowerlib.ru |accessdate=5 June 2015}}</ref> glaucous leaves<ref name=ussr/><ref name=Lynch/><ref name=weathers>John Weathers{{Google books|xrH9G4QjvUIC|The Bulb Book|page=304}}</ref> which are grey green,<ref name=efloras/> and are slightly tinged with purple at the base.<ref name=European/> They can grow up to between {{convert|30|cm|0|abbr=on}} long,<ref name=Lynch/> and between 0.5 and 1 cm wide.<ref name=European/><ref name=alpine>{{cite web |title=Iris korolkowii |url=http://encyclopaedia.alpinegardensociety.net/plants/Iris/korolkowii |publisher=alpinegardensociety.net |accessdate=23 May 2015}}</ref> They are shorter than the flowering stem,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=irisbotanique/> and fade soon after the blooming period time has ended.<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=flowerlib/>

It has a slender erect stem,<ref name=ussr/> that can grow up to between {{convert|40|-|60|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall.<ref name=stebbings>{{cite book |last=Stebbings |first=Geoff |year=1997|title=The Gardener's Guide to Growing Irises |location=Newton Abbot |publisher=David and Charles |page=71 |isbn=0715305395 }}</ref><ref name=pacific>{{cite web |title=Iris summary |date=14 April 2014 |url=http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/files/Iris/Iris_Summary.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=pacificbulbsociety.org |accessdate=23 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=hillkeep>{{cite web |title=Iris hoogiana |url=http://www.hillkeep.ca/bulbs%20iris.htm#Irishoogiana |publisher=hillkeep.ca |accessdate=5 June 2015}}</ref>


The stems also have 2 spathes (leaves of the flower bud), that are membranous, green and ventricose (swollen or inflated),<ref name=ussr/><ref name=Lynch/> They can be {{convert|9|-|10|cm|0|abbr=on}} long.<ref name=European/><ref name=Lynch/>

It has several short branches (or [[pedicel (botany)|pedicels]]) near top of the plant.<ref name=ussr/><ref name=Lynch/>

The stems (and the branches) hold between 2 and 3 flowers,<ref name=bricknell/><ref name=galore>{{cite web |title=Iris with Arils |url=http://www.plantsgalore.com/plants/types/iris/Per-Iris-B-Bearded-Arils.htm |publisher=plantsgalore.com |accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref><ref name=wyman>Donald Wyman{{Google books|XSExQDJtQ7AC|Wyman's Gardening Encyclopedia|page=576}}</ref>  blooming in late spring and early summer,<ref name=European/><ref name=bricknell/><ref name=alpine/> between April and May,<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=galore/><ref name=ClaireAustin>{{cite book |first=Claire |last=Austin |title=Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia |year=2005 |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=0881927309 }}</ref> or between May and June.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=rainbow>{{cite web |title=Rainbow |date=9 December 2014 |url=http://wdtns.ru/?p=586 |publisher=wdtns.ru |accessdate=24 January 2015}}</ref><ref name=gerbianska>{{cite web |title=Iris korolkowii |url=http://gerbianska.com/Iriskorolkowii.htm |publisher= gerbianska.com |accessdate=23 May 2015}}</ref>  In the United States, it flowers in mid to southern states between early April to early May and it also flowers in mid to northern states between late April to early June.<ref>Allan M. Armitage {{Google books|kA6VgfxsstIC|Herbaceous Perennial Plants: A Treatise on their Identification, Culture and Garden Attributes|page=1452}}</ref>

The flowers are {{convert|6|-|8|cm|0|abbr=on}} in diameter.<ref name=European/><ref name=bricknell/><ref name=stebbings/> They are creamy white,<ref name=European/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=wyman/>  ivory,<ref name=pacific/> yellow-white,<ref name=Lynch/> or olive green,<ref name=Lynch/><ref name=handbook/><ref name=manual>{{cite web |title=Manual 30, Irises for the home gardener, Agricultural Sciences, Copy 2 |url=https://archive.org/stream/irisesforhomegar30butt/irisesforhomegar30butt_djvu.txt |publisher=California Agricultural Experiment Station Extension Service |accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref>  or light purple.<ref name=bricknell/><ref name=cassidy/><ref name=pacific/>  They are veined with purple,<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=stebbings/>  chocolate brown,<ref name=Lynch/><ref name=galore/> brown-purple,<ref name=efloras/> or dark maroon.<ref name=European/><ref name=aril>{{cite web |title=Aril Irises |url=http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/ArilIrises |publisher=pacificbulbsociety.org |accessdate=23 May 2015}}</ref><ref name=american>{{cite web |first=Betsy |last=Higgins |title=(SPEC) Iris korolkowii Regel |date=7 July 2015 |url=http://wiki.irises.org/bin/view/Spec/SpecKorolkowii |publisher=wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society)| accessdate=23 May 2015}}</ref> 

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large [[sepals]] (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or [[tepals]]), known as the 'standards'.<ref name=ClaireAustin/> The falls are {{convert|7|-|11|cm|0|abbr=on}} long, with a deflexed,<ref name=signa>{{cite web |first=C. |last=Hensler |title=Iris korolkowii |date=28 January 2009 |url=http://www.signa.org/index.pl?Iris-korolkowii |publisher=signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America) |accessdate=23 May 2015}}</ref> and oblong blade.<ref name=European/><ref name=Lynch/><ref name=weathers/> They have a dark signal patch and beard.<ref name=European/><ref name=Lynch/><ref name=handbook/>  The beard can be as dark as black,<ref name=handbook/> or black-brown.<ref name=ussr/> The oblong and erect,<ref name=Lynch/><ref name=alpine/><ref name=signa/> standards are {{convert|7|-|11|cm|0|abbr=on}} long, similar in colour to the falls.<ref name=European/> It has a sparse beard.<ref name=European/>

It has a 2.5–3 cm long perianth tube,<ref name=European/><ref name=Lynch/> which is sub-cylindrical in shape.<ref name=ussr/>
It has a brown, oblong and {{convert|4.5|cm|0|abbr=on}} long style branch, which has scalloped lobes.<ref name=European/><ref name=ussr/><ref name=Lynch/> The style is smaller than the beard.<ref name=handbook/>

After the iris has flowered, in August,<ref name=efloras/> it produces an oblong seed capsule, which is {{convert|3.8|-|5|cm|0|abbr=on}} long. It is narrowed to a point at one end.<ref name=Lynch/>

===Biochemistry===
As most irises are [[diploid]], having two sets of [[chromosomes]], this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.<ref name=ClaireAustin/>
It has been counted several times, 2n=22, by Mitra in 1956, 2n=22 by Zakharyeva & Makushenko in 1969, 2n=33 by Simonet, in 1928, 2n=44 by Simonet in 1928 and 2n=22 by Gustafsson & Wendelbo in 1975.<ref name=american/>
All known forms in cultivation are generally counted as 2n=22,<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=signa/><ref name=gds>{{cite web |title=Aril-Iris |url=http://www.gds-iris-fachgruppe.homepage.t-online.de/irisfg22.htm |publisher=gds-iris-fachgruppe.homepage.t-online.de |accessdate=13 June 2015}}</ref> or 2n=22, 33, 44.<ref name=pacific/>
''Iris stolonifera'' and ''Iris hoogiana'' (other Regalia series irises) are [[tetraploid]], 2n = 4x11 = 44.<ref name=gds/>

== Taxonomy==
It is pronounced as (Iris) EYE-ris (korolkowii) kor-ol-KOV-ee-eye.<ref name=away>{{cite web |title=Iris korolkowii |url=http://gardenaway.com/search/plant_view/iris-korolkowii |publisher=gardenaway.com |accessdate=23 May 2015}}</ref>

It is occasionally known as ''Iris korolkowi'' (with 1 i at the end).<ref name=handbook/><ref name=ipni>{{cite web |title=Iridaceae Iris korolkowi Regel |url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=438768-1 |publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index) |accessdate=23 May 2015}}</ref>

It is commonly known as the ''Redvein Iris''.<ref name=galore/><ref name=wyman/><ref name=manual/>

It is known in [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] and parts of Russia as ''Iris Korol'kova''.<ref name=ussr/><ref name=rainbow/><ref>{{cite web |title=List of plants referred to in the book |url=http://ecologylib.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000011/st007.shtml |publisher=ecologylib.ru |accessdate=23 May 2015}}</ref>

It is known as stäppiris in [[Swedish language|Swedish]].<ref name=grin>{{cite web |title=Taxon: Iris korolkowii Regel |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?20345 |publisher=ars-grin.gov ([[Germplasm Resources Information Network]]) |accessdate=23 May 2015}}</ref> Which translates as ''Steppe Iris''.<ref name=gerbianska/><ref>{{cite web |title=Classification |url=http://www.hih-gruppen.se/iris/irisklass.html |publisher=hih-gruppen.se |accessdate=4 June 2015}}</ref>

The Latin [[Botanical name#Binary name|specific epithet]] ''korolkowii'' refers to General N. J. Korolkow.<ref name=handbook/> In 1872, he found the iris in Turkestan, in the mountains near [[Tashkent]].<ref name=ussr/> He then sent the specimens to [[St Petersburg]].<ref name=Lynch/><ref name=hillkeep/><ref name=american/> In 1882, he also discovered ''[[Crocus korolkowii]]''.<ref>Elizabeth Lawrence {{Google books|iD_ari9u_IEC|The Little Bulbs: A Tale of Two Gardens|page=116}}</ref>

It was first published and described by [[Eduard August von Regel|Regel]] in ''Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada'' Vol.2 page 432 in 1873.<ref name=ipni/><ref name=grin/> It is also noted that it was published in 'Enum. Pl. nov. Turest.' in 'Act. Hort. Petrop'. Vol. 2 page432 in 1873.<ref name=Lynch/><ref name=american/>

Regel reported that it was found in [[Turkmenistan|Turkmenia]], this was incorrect, as Korolkov had never collected plants in Turkmenia, as the mountains were unpassable.<ref name=ussr/>

The iris was also published with an illustration in 'Gartenflora' table 766 in 1873,<ref name=European/><ref name=ussr/><ref name=Lynch/> and later by [[John Gilbert Baker]] in [[Curtis’s Botanical Magazine]], vol. 114 [series. 3, vol. 44]: table7025 in 1888.<ref name=Lynch/><ref>{{cite web |title=Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, vol. 114 (1888-1920) |url=http://plantillustrations.org/volume.php?id_volume=157&lay_out=1&hd=0&compare=1 |publisher=plantillustrations.org |accessdate=6 July 2015}}</ref>

''Iris korolkowii'' was verified by [[United States Department of Agriculture]] and the [[Agricultural Research Service]] on 2 October 2014.<ref name=grin/>

It is an accepted name by the [[Royal Horticultural Society|RHS]].<ref name=rhs>{{cite web |title=Iris korolkowii |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/9289/Iris-korolkowii/Details |publisher=www.rhs.org.uk| accessdate=23 May 2015}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
''Iris korolkowii'' is [[native plant|native]] to [[temperateness|temperate]] areas of central [[Asia]].<ref name=aril/><ref name=grin/><ref name=rhs/>

===Range===
It is found in north east [[Afghanistan]],<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=signa/> within the [[Badakhshan Province|Badakhshan]] region.<ref name=checklist>{{cite web |first=D. |last=Podlech |title=Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Afghanistan |year=2012 |url=http://www.sysbot.biologie.uni-muenchen.de/de/personen/podlech/flowering_plants_afghanistan.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=sysbot.biologie.uni-muenchen.de |accessdate=18 May 2015}}</ref> 

It is also found in the former USSR republic,<ref name=European/><ref name=alpine/> of Turkestan.<ref name=cassidy/><ref name=weathers/><ref name=wyman/><ref name=ClaireAustin/> Turkestan now forms part of Uzbekistan. The iris has been found in [[Tashkent Province]] in Uzbekistan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Celestial Silk Road 5th-21st June 2016 |url=http://www.viranatura.com/Product_100001_Celestial-Silk-Road-5th-21st-June-2016 |publisher=viranatura |accessdate=23 May 2015}}</ref>

It is found within the Tien Shan,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=alpine/><ref>{{cite web |title=Tien Shan Endemic Plants |url=http://www.terrestrial-biozones.net/endemic%20floras/Tien%20Shan%20Endemics.html |publisher=terrestrial-biozones.net |accessdate=13 June 2015}}</ref> (including the valleys and gorges of the [[Talas Alatau]],<ref name=rainbow/>) Pamir and Altai mountain ranges.<ref name=European/><ref name=pacific/><ref name=hillkeep/><ref name=gerbianska/>

===Habitat===
It grows on the dry rocky slopes<ref name=efloras/><ref name=alpine/> of mountains.<ref name=ussr/>

They can be found at an altitude of {{convert|1600|-|3900|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level.<ref name=alpine/>

==Cultivation==
It is [[Hardiness (plants)|hardy]] to [[USDA]] Zone 5,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=galore/><ref name=wyman/> although could be possibly between Zone 6 to Zone 9.<ref name=signa/><ref name=away/> It is hardy to European Zone H4.<ref name=European/>

It prefers to grow in well drained soils,<ref name=signa/> such as gritty and sandy but stiff loamy soil (suggested by [[Michael Foster (physiologist)|Sir Michael Foster]]),<ref name=Lynch/> but can tolerate all garden soil types.<ref name=away/>

It prefers positions in full sun,<ref name=efloras/> with at least 3 or more hours of direct sunlight every day.<ref name=away/>

It prefers average moisture needs during the growing period.<ref name=rainbow/><ref name=away/>

It needs a period of dryness and warmth during summer,<ref name=flowerlib/><ref name=manual/> between June and July.<ref name=Lynch/> If the plants are too long exposed to moisture, they are prone to viral diseases.<ref name=irisbotanique/>

It can be grown in garden borders,<ref name=stebbings/> especially at the front of a border.<ref name=away/>

But it is best grown in a bulb frame,<ref name=bricknell/><ref name=stebbings/> or in a hot sand bed.<ref name=gerbianska/>
In northern regions (including Russia), the iris will suffer from insufficient sun and warmth and from an excess of moisture, which means the plant dies within 2 or 3 years.<ref name=flowerlib/>

It is rare in cultivation,<ref name=gerbianska/> and only found in specialised bulb nurseries.<ref name=signa/>

It is best planted (within the garden) in October in UK.<ref name=handbook/>

===Propagation===
It can be propagated by [[Division (horticulture)|division]] or by seed growing.<ref name=efloras/>

===Hybrids and Cultivars===
''Iris korolkowii'' has been crossed with ''Iris stolonifera'',<ref name=European/> it produces very richly coloured hybrids, of which have conspicuous beards that are either dark brown or deep blue.<ref name=handbook/>

There are many collected forms.<ref name=cassidy/><ref name=ClaireAustin/> including forms found near [[Bokhara]].<ref name=wyman/>

The hybrids normally have two flowers per stem, (compared to the main form which has between 2 and 3 flowers).<ref name=Lynch/>

Sir Michael Foster published in the [[Gardeners' Chronicle]] 14 July, p36 in 1888, four varieties. 'Concolor',<ref name=Lynch/> which has bright lilac-purple flowers,<ref name=weathers/>'Leichtlini',<ref name=Lynch/> (or Leichtliniana,<ref name=american/>) which has creamy white flowers marked with a blackish purple blotch at the base of the falls,<ref name=weathers/> 'Venosa',<ref name=Lynch/> which has greyish lilac flowers distinctly veined with purple,<ref name=weathers/> and 'Violacea',<ref name=Lynch/> which has violet or puce coloured flowers with darker veins<ref name=weathers/> These were later re-classified as synonyms of ''Iris korolkowii''.<ref name=plantlist/>

Other known cultivars include; 'Korolkowii Atropurpurea', 'Korolkowii Brown And Green', 'Korolkowii Incarnata', 'Korolkowii Pink' and 'Korolkowii Polyploid Form'.<ref name=american/>

Iris korolkowii 'Smidgen', was registered in 1933.<ref>{{cite web |title=Arilbred Iris |url=http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/219997/ |publisher=davesgarden.com |accessdate=13 June 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Other sources==
* Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
* Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR).
* Khassanov, F. O. & N. Rakhimova. 2012. Taxonomic revision of the genus Iris L. (Iridaceae Juss.) for the flora of Central Asia. Stapfia 97:175.
* Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR. [lists as I. korolkowi Regel].
* Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 63.
* Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica.

==External links==
* [http://www.edgewoodgardens.net/Plants_Album/The%20Plants%20-%20%20Complete%20Collection/Iridaceae/Iris/Subgen%20Iris%20Sect%20Regelia/I.%20korolkowii/slides/Iris%20korolkowii%200001.html Has 7 flower images of Iris korolkowii]
* [http://www.plantarium.ru/page/view/item/20761.html Has many images of the flower in its habitat]

{{Commons category-inline|Iris korolkowii}}
{{Wikispecies-inline|Iris korolkowii}}

{{Clear}}
{{Iris subg. Iris}}

[[Category:Iris (plant)|korolkowii]]
[[Category:Flora of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Flora of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Flora of Central Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Garden plants of Asia]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1873]]

Oralkhan Bokeev

2016-09-15T05:02:18Z

Yobot: WP:CHECKWIKI error fixes using AWB (12084)

{{Expand Kazakh|Оралхан Бөкей|date=September 2013}}
{{multiple issues |
{{refimprove|date=October 2012}}
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{{Infobox writer
| name = Oralkhan Bokeev
| honorific_prefix =
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Oralkhan Bokeev.jpg
| image_size = 220px
| alt =
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1943|09|28}}
| birth_place = Chingistai,

([[Katonkaragay District|Katonkaragay district]],
[[East Kazakhstan Region]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1993|05|17|1943|09|28|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| resting_place =
| occupation =
| language =
| nationality =
| ethnicity =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Kazakh State University]] of C. M. Kirov
| period =
| genre = [[Prose]]
| subject = 
| movement =
| notableworks = 
| spouse = 
| partner = 
| children =
| relatives =
| awards = {{Order of the Badge of Honour}}
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| years_active = 1970-1993
| module =
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}}
'''Oralkhan Bokeev''' (September 28, 1943 – May 17, 1993) was a [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]] writer, playwright and journalist.

==Life==
Oralkhan Bokeev was born on September 28, 1943 in Chingistai village in [[Katonkaragay District|Katonkaragay district]] of Eastern Kazakhstan province.
He was the only son of Bokey and Kuliya who also had five daughters - Sholpan, Aimen, Lazzat, Manshuk and Galiya. When Oralkhan was born, his father went to work at one of the Ural military factories supporting the Great Patriotic War. Hoping for the safe return of Bokey, Kuliya named her newborn son Oralkhan ("oral" in Kazakh means "come back").<ref>[http://akciya.pavlodarlibrary.kz/bir_el/bokey_bio_kz.html C.Торайғыров атындағы Павлодар Облыстық әмбебап ғылыми кітапханасы]</ref>

After graduation from Chingistai school named after [[Sultanmahmut Toraygirov]] in 1961, he worked as a youth guide for a local Pioneer organization and a tractor driver in the "Altai" sovkhoz.

From 1963 to 1969 he took correspondence courses at the journalism faculty of the [[Kazakh State University|Kazakh State University of C. M. Kirov]]. From 1965 to 1968 he worked at the “Enbek Tuyi”, the Bolshenarym district newspaper, as a proofreader, translator and deputy editor, and in the literature department of the Eastern Kazakhstan regional newspaper "Kommunism tuyi" (later renamed into “Didar”). In 1968 Oralkhan is invited to join the staff of the “Leninshil Zhas” (later renamed into “[[Zhas Alash]]") newspaper. It was a fellow writer Sherkhan Murtaza who recognized an emerging talent in a tractor driver from Chingistai and brought him to Almaty to connect with the thriving urban writing community. Murtaza’s support made great impact on Oralkhan’s growth as a journalist and a writer. From 1974 to 1983 Oralkhan Bokey was a prose department manager in the literary magazine “Zhuldyz”, in 1983-1991 he served as a deputy editor of the “Kazakh Adebieti” newspaper, later rising to the chief editor position.

Oralkhan Bokeeev died on May 17, 1993 during a business trip to Delhi, India.

==Works==
''"The themes of my novellas and short stories are inspired by memories of my native land and the events of my youth,” writes Bokeev. “My countrymen, the Kazakhs, are strong, honest people with open hearts. As if enchanted, they live in the area favored by their ancestors. Devoted to their native land, they are proud, hardworking, and brave."''

The first collection of short stories “Kamshyger” (“A man with a whip”), printed by the “Zhazushy” publishing house in 1970, brought a young writer well deserved recognition.

The same publisher later issued several books of his short stories and novellas: “Urker” (“Pleiades”, 1971), “Kaidasyn, kaska kulynym?” (“Where are you, my little foal?”, 1973), “Muztau” (“Ice Mountain”, 1975). Oralkhan Bokeev’s collections of short stories and novellas “An salady shagyldar” (“The dunes are singing”, 1978), “Urker auyp barady” (“The Pleiades are overturning”, 1981), “Bizdin jakta kys uzak” (“The winters here are long”, 1984) were issued by the publishing house “Zhalyn”. His play “Kulynym menin” (“My little foal”) was printed by “Oner” publishers in 1986, and his essay collection “Uyikym kelmeidi” (“No sleep”) was issued by “Zhazushy”.

The trilogy “Aldangan urpak” (“The Deceived Generation”) - a collection of the hand written essays, was left unfinished. The plays “Kulynym menin” (“My little foal”, 1974), “Teketires” (“The clash of the goats”, 1976), “Kar kyzy” (“The snow girl”, 1982), “Zymyraidy poezdar” (“The trains are speeding by”, 1984), “Zhau tylyndagy bala” (“The boy behind enemy lines”, 1985), “Men sizden korkamyn” (“I am afraid of you”, 1987) were performed in the main and regional theaters of Kazakhstan and some of the former [[Soviet Union]] republics.

Oralkhan Bokeev’s works were translated into many languages – Russian, French, German, Japanese, Arabic, Chinese and others. The published translations include “Sled molnii” (“The lightning trail”, [[Molodaya Gvardiya (publisher)|Molodaya Gvardiya]], Moscow, 1978), “Poyuschie barkhany” (“Singing dunes”, [[Sovetsky Pisatel|Sovetskii pisatel]], Moscow, 1981), “Chagylgan” (“Cut up”, Kyrgyzstan, Frunze, 1981), “Sled molnii” (“The lightning trail”, [[Hristo G. Danov]], Bulgaria, 1981), “Kerbugy” (“Fallow deer”, Estonia, 1981), “Krik” (“Scream”, [[Sovetsky Pisatel|Sovetskii pisatel]], Moscow, 1984), “Urker auyp barady” (“The Pleiades are overturning”, Volk Und Welt, Berlin, 1982). The films “Kisikiik” (“Man-deer”, 1985, director M. Smagulov), “Saitan kopir” (“The devil’s bridge”, 1986, director D. Manabayev) and the ballet “Kerbugy” (“Fallow deer”, 1986, choreographer B. Ayukhanov) were based on Oralkhan Bokeev’s works.

In 1994 the first volume of the “Tandamaly” (“Selected Works”) collection, consisting of Oralkhan Bokeev’s novellas, was issued by the publishing house “Zhazushy” followed in 1996 by the second volume of the “Tandamaly” with novels and more novellas.

==Characters==
The heroes of his works are village people: shepherds, horse and deer breeders, farmers, forest rangers. These are people with strong spirit and clear conscience. Men and women, young and old, illiterate and educated - they all struggle with the secrets and riddles of human existence. They also battle the eternal and fateful problems of the human soul.

The nature is a crucial and equal participant in his stories. It interferes with the lives of the characters, asks, guides, examines and strengthens them. In the novella "The devil’s bridge" Aspan is trapped in a snow ravine. A shepherd from the story "Singing Dunes,” rescues a sheep flock from the onslaught of mad disaster. Young tractor-drivers from the novella "Snow Girl" get lost on the road on a pitch-black January night. All of these events are real and metaphorical at the same time. Heroes are immersed in the elements of nature. The rhythm of life coincides with the rhythm of nature. All of Bokeev’s prose is directed toward the contemplation of good and evil, of strength and courage, and of true and false spiritual values.

==Awards==
* In 1976 Oralkhan Bokeev received Kazakh Republic Youth award for his play “Kulynym menin” (“My little foal”).
* In 1978 he was granted The All-Union Literature Award of N. Ostrovsky for the collection of novellas and short stories “Naizagai izi” (“The lightning trail”).
* In 1986 he received the Kazakh Republic State Award for the collection of novellas and short stories Bizdin jakta kys uzak” (“The winters here are long”).

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://library.vkgu.kz/writers/oral.shtm Oralkhan Bokeev] {{ref-ru}}
* [http://writers.kz/odak_musheleri/?CURENT=Б&ID=485 Бөкеев Оралхан. Қазақ Жазушылар Одағының мүшелері туралы мәлімет. (Bokeev Oralkhan. Member information from the Kazakh Writers Union)]
* [http://www.adebiportal.kz/authors/b-key-oralkhan-kaz?sphrase_id=26349 Оралхан Бөкей. Әдебиет порталында берілген ақпарат. (Oralkhan Bokey. Information from the Literature portal)]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bokeev, Oralkhan}}
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:Kazakhstani writers]]
[[Category:Al-Farabi University alumni]]

Viktoriya Tokonbayeva

2016-08-24T06:08:49Z

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'''Viktoriya Tokonbayeva''' (born 17 December 1975) is a retired [[Kazakhstan]]i sprinter who specialized in the [[100 metres]].

She won the bronze medal at the [[1995 Asian Championships in Athletics|1995 Asian Championships]].

Her personal best time is 11.30 seconds, achieved in July 1995 in [[Almaty]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{iaaf name|id=132278}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tokonbayeva, Viktoriya}}
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kazakhstani female sprinters]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Kazakhstan-athletics-bio-stub}}

List of World Heritage Sites in Kazakhstan

2016-08-09T06:25:44Z

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[[File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|thumb|200px|
<center>[[File:Welterbe.svg|55px]] [[File:UNESCO logo.svg|70px]]</center>
]]
The [[UNESCO|United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]] (UNESCO) [[World Heritage Site]]s are places of importance to [[cultural heritage|cultural]] or [[natural heritage]] as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972.<ref name=convention>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/convention/ |title=The World Heritage Convention |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref> [[Kazakhstan]] accepted the convention on 29 April 1994, making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list; as of 2016, five sites in Kazakhstan are included.<ref name=kazakhstan>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/kz/ |title=Kazakhstan |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref>

The first site in Kazakhstan, [[Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi]], was inscribed on the list at the 27th Session of the World Heritage Committee, held in [[Paris]], [[France]] in 2003.<ref name=Paris2003>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/archive/decrec03.htm#dec8-c-25 |title=Report of the 27th Session of the Committee |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref> [[Tamgaly|Petroglyphs within the Archaeological Landscape of Tamgaly]] was inscribed in the following year as the second site, followed by [[Saryarka — Steppe and Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan]] in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/112 |title=Decision: 28 COM 14B.29 |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/1466 |title=Decision: 32 COM 8B.8 |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref> Two transnational properties, [[Silk Road UNESCO World Heritage Sites|Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor]] (shared with [[China]] and [[Kyrgyzstan]]) and [[Tian Shan|Western Tien-Shan]] (shared with Kyrgyzstan and [[Uzbekistan]]), were added to the list respectively in 2014 and 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/6110 |title=Decision : 38 COM 8B.24 |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref><ref name=wts/>

==World Heritage Sites==
The table is sortable by column by clicking on the [[File:Sort both.gif]] at the top of the appropriate column; alphanumerically for the Site, Area, and Year columns; by state party for the Location column; and by criteria type for the Criteria column. Transborder sites sort at the bottom.

:'''Site'''; named after the World Heritage Committee's official designation<ref name=list>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list |title=World Heritage List |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=28 May 2010}}</ref>
:'''Location'''; at city, regional, or provincial level and geocoordinates
:'''Criteria'''; as defined by the World Heritage Committee<ref name="criteria">{{Cite web|title=The Criteria for Selection |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=10 September 2011}}</ref>
:'''Area'''; in [[hectare]]s and [[acre]]s. If available, the size of the buffer zone has been noted as well. A value of zero implies that no data has been published by UNESCO
:'''Year'''; during which the site was inscribed to the World Heritage List
:'''Description'''; brief information about the site, including reasons for qualifying as an endangered site, if applicable

{{Legend|#D0E7FF|* Trans-border site|outline=silver}}

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Site
! scope="col" class="unsortable" style="width:150px;" | Image
! scope="col" style="width:12.5%;" | Location
! scope="row" style="width:5%;" | [[World Heritage Site#Selection criteria|Criteria]]
! scope="col" style="width:5%;" | Area [[Hectare|ha]] ([[acre]]) 
! scope="col" style="width:5%;" | Year
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
|-
! scope="row" | [[Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi]]
| [[File:Ханака Ахмеда Ясави 2010 027.jpg|150x150px]]
| Kaz[[South Kazakhstan Region|South Kazakhstan]] {{coord|43|17|35|N|68|16|28|E}}
| Cultural:KazMau (i)(iii)(iv)
| {{convert|0.55|ha|abbr=values|sortable=on}}
| align="center" | 2003
| Situated in [[Turkistan (city)|Turkestan]] (formerly Yasi), the [[Timurid Empire|Timurid]]-era Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi remains unfinished, though it has survived as one of the largest and best-preserved examples of Timurid architecture.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1103 |title=Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Tamgaly|Petroglyphs within the Archaeological Landscape of Tamgaly]]
| [[File:Human riding a dromedary camel in late bronze age or early iron age petroglyph at Tangaly - dromedary camel.jpg|150x150px]]
| Kaz[[Almaty Region|Almaty]] {{coord|43|48|12|N|75|32|06|E}}
| Cultural:KazPet (iii)
| {{convert|90|ha|abbr=values|sortable=on}}
| align="center" | 2004
| Some 5,000 petroglyphs in Tamgaly testify to the lifestyles on the central Asian steppes from the Bronze Age on.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1145 |title=Petroglyphs within the Archaeological Landscape of Tamgaly |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Saryarka — Steppe and Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan]]
| [[File:Astana-steppe-7748.jpg|150x150px]]
| Kaz''Various'' {{coord|50|26|00|N|69|11|20|E}}
| Natural:KazSar (ix)(x)
| {{convert|450344|ha|abbr=values|sortable=on}}
| align="center" | 2008
| The State Natural Reserves of [[Naurzum Nature Reserve|Naurzum]] and [[Korgalzhyn Nature Reserve|Korgalzhyn]] provide sancturies for a large amount of threatened species, including [[Siberian crane|Siberian white crane]]s, [[Dalmatian pelican]]s, [[Pallas's fish eagle]]s and [[Saiga antelope]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1102 |title=Saryarka — Steppe and Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref>
|-style="background-color: #D0E7FF"
! scope="row" | [[Silk Road UNESCO World Heritage Sites|Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor]]*
|
| Kaz''Various, shared with'' {{flag|China}} {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} {{coord|34|18|16|N|108|51|26|E}}
| Cultural:KazSil (ii)(iii)(v)(vi)
| {{convert|42668|ha|abbr=values|sortable=on}}
| align="center" | 2014
| Covering a 5,000 km section of the Silk Roads, the property stretches from [[Chang'an]] in China to [[Zhetysu]] in Kazakhstan, containing historic settlements, palaces, temples, paths, fortifications, tombs and other structures.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1442 |title=Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref>
|-style="background-color: #D0E7FF"
! scope="row" | [[Tian Shan|Western Tien-Shan]]*
| [[File:Aksu Jabgly 3.JPG|150x150px]]
| Kaz''Various, shared with'' {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} {{flag|Uzbekistan}} {{coord|43|44|00|N|68|40|44|E}}
| Natural:KazWes (x)
| 0
| align="center" | 2016
| The western section of the [[Tian Shan]] mountain range system features diverse landscapes and a high degree of biodiversity.<ref name=wts>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1490/ |title=Western Tien-Shan |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref>
|}

===Tentative list===
In addition to sites inscribed on the World Heritage list, member states can maintain a list of tentative sites that they may consider for nomination. Nominations for the World Heritage list are only accepted if the site was previously listed on the tentative list.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/ |title=Tentative Lists |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=7 October 2010}}</ref> As of 2016, Kazakhstan lists thirteen properties on its tentative list:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/state=kz |title=Tentative List – Kazakhstan |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=7 August 2016}}</ref>

#[[Merke Turkic Sanctuaries|Turkic Sanctuary of Merke]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1131/ |title=Turkic Sanctuary of Merke |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref>
#[[Begazy Dandybai Mausolea|Megalithic Mausolea of the Begazy-Dandybai Culture]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1132/ |title=Megalithic Mausolea of the Begazy-Dandybai Culture |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref>
#[[Barrows of Tasmola|Barrows with Stone Ranges of the Tasmola Culture]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1133/ |title=Barrows with Stone Ranges of the Tasmola Culture |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref>
#[[Eshkiolmes Petroglyphs|Petroglyphs of Eshkiolmes]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1134/ |title=Petroglyphs of Eshkiolmes |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref>
#[[Petroglyphs of Arpa-Uzen]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1135/ |title=Petroglyphs of Arpa-Uzen |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref>
#[[Karatau Mountains|Paleolithic Sites and Geomorphology of Karatau Mountain Range]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1136/ |title=Paleolithic Sites and Geomorphology of Karatau Mountain Range |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref>
#[[Farab|Archaeological Sites of Otrar Oasis]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1137/ |title=Archaeological Sites of Otrar Oasis |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref>
#[[Ulytau District|Cultural Landscape of Ulytau]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1138/ |title=Cultural Landscape of Ulytau |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref>
#[[Ile-Alatau National Park|Northern Tyan-Shan (Ile-Alatau State National Park)]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1681/ |title=Northern Tyan-Shan (Ile-Alatau State National Park) |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref>
#[[Altyn-Emel National Park|State National Natural Park "Altyn-Emel"]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1682/ |title=State National Natural Park "Altyn-Emel" |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref>
#[[Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve|Aksu-Zhabagly State Natural Reserve]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1683/ |title=Aksu-Zhabagly State Natural Reserve |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref>
#[[Tian Shan|Western Tien-Shan]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5519/ |title=Western Tien-Shan |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref>
#[[Silk Road]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5754/ |title=Silk Road |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref>

==Location of sites==
{{location map+ |Kazakhstan|float=center |width=500 |caption=Location of World Heritage Sites within Kazakhstan<ref name=kazakhstan/> |places=
{{Location map~ | Kazakhstan
| label = [[Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi]]
| position = left
| lat_deg = 43 | lat_min = 17 | lat_sec = 35 | lat_dir = N
| lon_deg = 68 | lon_min = 16 | lon_sec = 28 | lon_dir = E
}}
{{Location map~ | Kazakhstan
| label = [[Tamgaly]]
| position = right
| lat_deg = 43 | lat_min = 48 | lat_sec = 12 | lat_dir = N
| lon_deg = 75 | lon_min = 32 | lon_sec = 06 | lon_dir = E
}}
{{Location map~ | Kazakhstan
| label = [[Saryarka — Steppe and Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan|Saryarka]]
| position =
| lat_deg = 50 | lat_min = 26 | lat_sec = 00 | lat_dir = N
| lon_deg = 69 | lon_min = 11 | lon_sec = 20 | lon_dir = E
}}
{{Location map~ | Kazakhstan
| label = [[Silk Road UNESCO World Heritage Sites|Silk Roads (Kayalyk)]]
| position =
| lat_deg = 45 | lat_min = 39 | lat_sec = 56 | lat_dir = N
| lon_deg = 80 | lon_min = 15 | lon_sec = 38 | lon_dir = E
}}
{{Location map~ | Kazakhstan
| label = [[Tian Shan|Western Tien-Shan]]
| position =
| lat_deg = 43 | lat_min = 44 | lat_sec = 00 | lat_dir = N
| lon_deg = 68 | lon_min = 40 | lon_sec = 44 | lon_dir = E
}}
}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Lists of World Heritage Sites in Asia}}
{{Lists of World Heritage Sites}}

[[Category:Kazakhstan-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of World Heritage Sites|K]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Kazakhstan| List]]

Kazakhstan in popular culture

2016-06-23T08:25:30Z

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'''Kazakhstan''' was the home base of the [[Russia]]n ultra-[[nationalist]] [[Political radicalism|radicals]] who [[Aircraft hijacking|hijacked]] the US [[President of the United States|President]]'s airplane en route from [[Moscow]] in the 1997 action movie [[Air Force One (film)|''Air Force One'']].

The controversial character [[Borat Sagdiyev]], created by comedian [[Sacha Baron Cohen]], featured often on Cohen's ''[[Da Ali G Show]]'', as well as in the 2006 film ''[[Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan]]'' (actually filmed in [[Romania]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/Entertainment/story?id=2659018&page=2 | work=[[ABC News]]| title= 'If I See Borat, I Will Kill Him With My Own Hands'|date=2006-11-17|accessdate=2016-06-22}}</ref> along with the U.S.) is from Kazakhstan. In 2005, Cohen ran afoul of the Kazakh Foreign Ministry's Yerzhan Ashykbayev, who stated that the character's strange behaviour is not consistent with that of the Kazakh people, and that his government reserves the right to any legal action against Cohen. Cohen responded to Ashykbayev in character, stating, "In response to Mr. Ashykbayev's comments, I'd like to state that I have no connection with Mr. Cohen, and fully support my government's decision to sue this Jew". The Kazakh government responded by placing a 4-page ad in ''[[The New York Times]]'', containing information about Kazakh life, education, government, and infrastructure. Borat responded by issuing a "press release", containing random Cyrillic characters.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Kazakhstani culture]]
[[Category:Topics in popular culture|Kazakhstan]]

FC Ak Bulak

2016-05-10T07:03:12Z

Yobot: /* References */Removed invisible unicode characters + other fixes, removed: ‎ using AWB (12006)

{{Infobox football club
| clubname = FC Ak Bulak
| image = Logo_of_FC_Ak_Bulak.png
| fullname = Football Club Ak Bulak Ақ Бұлақ Футбол Клубы
| nickname =
| founded = {{Start date |df=yes|2009}}
| dissolved = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2013}}
| ground = Panfilov Stadium [[Talgar]], Kazakhstan
| capacity = 3,000
| chairman =
| manager =
| league = [[Kazakhstan First Division]]
| season = [[2013 Kazakhstan First Division|2013]]
| position = 10th
}}

'''FC Ak Bulak''' ({{lang-kk|Ақ Бұлақ Футбол Клубы}}) is a defunct [[Kazakhstan]]i [[Football (soccer)|football]] club that was based in [[Talgar]], [[Almaty Province]].

==History==
The club was formed in 2009, debuting in the [[Kazakhstan First Division]] in 2010, before ceasing to exist at the end of the 2013 season.<ref>{{cite web|title=Команды Алматинской области должны быть ликвидированы|url=http://www.sports.kz/news/komandyi-almatinskoy-oblasti-doljnyi-byit-likvidirovanyi?page=5|website=www.sports.kz|publisher=sports.kz|accessdate=4 November 2015|language=Russian|date=19 December 2013}}</ref>

===Domestic history===
{|class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! rowspan="2" | Season
! colspan="9" | League
! rowspan="2" | [[Kazakhstan Cup]]
! colspan="2" | Top goalscorer
! rowspan="2" | Manager
|-
! Div.
! Pos.
! Pl.
! W
! D
! L
! GS
! GA
! P
! Name
! League
|-
|align=center|[[2010 Kazakhstan First Division|2010]]
|align=center|[[Kazakhstan First Division|2nd]]
|align=center|'''8th'''
|align=center|32
|align=center|12
|align=center|11
|align=center|9
|align=center|38
|align=center|31
|align=center|'''47'''
|align=center|[[2010 Kazakhstan Cup|First Round]]
|align=center|{{flagicon|KAZ}} Constantine Zadorozhnyy
|align=center|17
|align=center|
|-
|align=center|[[2011 Kazakhstan First Division|2011]]
|align=center|[[Kazakhstan First Division|2nd]]
|align=center|'''8th'''
|align=center|32
|align=center|12
|align=center|11
|align=center|8
|align=center|56
|align=center|19
|align=center|'''77'''
|align=center|[[2011 Kazakhstan Cup|First Round]]
|align=center|{{flagicon|KAZ}} Constantine Zadorozhnyy
|align=center|16
|align=center|
|-
|align=center|[[2012 Kazakhstan First Division|2012]]
|align=center|[[Kazakhstan First Division|2nd]]
|align=center|'''9th'''
|align=center|30
|align=center|11
|align=center|8
|align=center|11
|align=center|34
|align=center|29
|align=center|'''41'''
|align=center|[[2012 Kazakhstan Cup|Second Round]]
|align=center|{{flagicon|UZB}} Pavel Puryshkin
|align=center|12
|align=center|
|-
|align=center|[[2013 Kazakhstan First Division|2013]]
|align=center|[[Kazakhstan First Division|2nd]]
|align=center|'''10th'''
|align=center|34
|align=center|14
|align=center|6
|align=center|14
|align=center|49
|align=center|39
|align=center|'''48'''
|align=center|[[2013 Kazakhstan Cup|First Round]]
|align=center|{{flagicon|KAZ}} Constantine Zadorozhnyy
|align=center|14
|align=center|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kazakhstan First Division teamlist}}
{{Kazakhstan First Division seasons}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ak Bulak, Fc}}
[[Category:Association football clubs established in 2009]]
[[Category:Defunct football clubs in Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Kazakhstan]]

FC Kazakhmys

2016-05-10T07:03:10Z

Yobot: /* External links */Removed invisible unicode characters + other fixes, removed: ‎ using AWB (12006)

{{Infobox football club |
clubname = FC Kazakhmys|
image = Logo_of_FC_Kazakhmys.png|
fullname = FC Kazakhmys|
nickname = |
founded = {{Start date and age|2006}}|
ground = [[Kazakhmys Stadium]]|
capacity = 2300|
chairman = Nurlan Chigitaev|
manager = {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Victor Dohadaylo]]<ref>{{ru icon}}[http://ua-football.com/ukrainian/news/4981bc47.html Догадайло принял "Казахмыс"] - January 29, 2009</ref> |
league = [[Kazakhstan First Division]] |
season = [[2010 Kazakhstan First Division|2010]]|
position = 7th|
pattern_la1=|pattern_b1=_lightbluestripes|pattern_ra1=|
leftarm1=50C878|body1=50C878|rightarm1=50C878|shorts1=FFFFFF|socks1=50C878|
pattern_la2=|pattern_b2=|pattern_ra2=|
leftarm2=FFFFFF|body2=50C878|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=50C878|
}}

'''FC Kazakhmys''' are defunct [[Kazakhstan]]i [[Football (soccer)|football]] club. They were based in [[Satpayev (city)|Satpayev]], [[Karagandy Province]]. They won the [[Kazakhstan First Division 2007|First Division 2007]], but were not able to start in the [[Kazakhstan Premier League|Premier League 2008]] due to financial difficulties. In the 2008 season the club became champion again and promoted to the Kazakhstan Premier League. In May 2011 due to lack of funds it was announced discontinuity of the club. In 2015 Gadaleta Investment LLP (a company registered in Bermuda) expressed its interest in taking over the relevant licence and franchise through the Molfetta Eurasia Sport Trust.<ref>[http://sports.kz/news.php?id=43369&type=small&st=0000000010 Kazakhmys leaves the league] Sports.kz on 25 May 2011</ref>

==League results==
<timeline>
ImageSize = width:300 height:60
PlotArea = left:10 right:10 bottom:30 top:10
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:01/01/2005 till:01/07/2010
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1 start:2006
Colors =
id:bl1 value:rgb(0.5,0.8,0.5)
id:bl2 value:rgb(0.9,0.9,0.3)
id:rs value:rgb(0.8,0.6,0.6)
id:rn value:rgb(0.9,0.1,0.1)

PlotData=
bar:Position width:15 color:white align:center

from:01/07/2005 till:01/07/2006 shift:(0,-4) text:5
from:01/07/2006 till:01/07/2007 shift:(0,-4) text:2
from:01/07/2007 till:01/07/2008 shift:(0,-4) text:1
from:01/07/2008 till:01/07/2009 shift:(0,-4) text:12
from:01/07/2009 till:01/07/2010 shift:(0,-4) text:7

from:01/07/2005 till:01/07/2008 color:bl2 shift:(0,13) text: "[[Kazakhstan First Division|First Division]]"
from:01/07/2008 till:01/07/2009 color:bl1 shift:(0,13) text: "[[Kazakhstan Premier League|PL]]"
from:01/07/2009 till:01/07/2010 color:bl2 shift:(0,13) text: "[[Kazakhstan First Division|D1]]"

</timeline>

==Achievements==
*'''[[Kazakhstan First Division]]''': 2
::2007, 2008

==Current squad==
As of 2010 season

{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=1|pos=GK|nat=Kazakhstan|name=Aleksandr Kalendar}}
{{Fs player|no=3|pos=MF|nat=Kazakhstan|name=Dmitri Cheremnykh}}
{{Fs player|no=6|pos=DF|nat=Kazakhstan|name=Aleksei Sorokin}}
{{Fs player|no=8|pos=FW|nat=Kazakhstan|name=Saib Orudzhov}}
{{Fs player|no=10|pos=FW|nat=Kazakhstan|name=[[Denis Malinin]]}}
{{Fs player|no=12|pos=MF|nat=Kazakhstan|name=Yerlan Zakarin}}
{{Fs player|no=13|pos=MF|nat=Kazakhstan|name=Vladimir Moroshan}}
{{Fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no=15|pos=MF|nat=Kazakhstan|name=Andrei Shumara}}
{{Fs player|no=17|pos=MF|nat=Kazakhstan|name=Nurzhan Urazbekov}}
{{Fs player|no=18|pos=DF|nat=Kazakhstan|name=Yerzhan Iskakov}}
{{Fs player|no=21|pos=DF|nat=Kazakhstan|name=Eldar Baimeshov}}
{{Fs player|no=22|pos=MF|nat=Kazakhstan|name=Zhomart Rsalin}}
{{Fs player|no=23|pos=MF|nat=Kazakhstan|name=Madiyar Sakenov}}
{{Fs player|no=25|pos=DF|nat=Kazakhstan|name=Yevgeny Gavrish}}
{{Fs player|no=|pos=GK|nat=Kazakhstan|name=Takhir Ilayev}}
{{Fs end}}

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.fc-kazakhmys.kz/ Official site]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kazakhmys, Fc}}
[[Category:Defunct football clubs in Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Association football clubs established in 2006]]
[[Category:2006 establishments in Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Kazakhmys]]

RShVSM Alma-Ata

2016-05-10T06:55:23Z

Yobot: /* External links */Removed invisible unicode characters + other fixes, removed: ‎ using AWB (12006)

{{Infobox football club
| clubname = RShVSM Alma-Ata
| image =
| fullname = Respublican Higher School of Youth Alma-Ata
| nickname =
| founded = 1980
| dissolved = 1990
| ground =
| capacity =
| chairman =
| manager =
| league =
| season =
| position =
| pattern_la1= | pattern_b1= | pattern_ra1= |
leftarm1=| body1=| rightarm1=| shorts1=| socks1=|
pattern_la2= | pattern_b2= | pattern_ra2= |
leftarm2=| body2=| rightarm2=| shorts2=| socks2=|
}}

'''RShVSM Alma-Ata''' ({{lang-ru|РШВСМ (Алма-Ата)}}) was a [[Kazakh SSR|Soviet Kazakhstani]] [[association football|football]] team from [[Almaty]]. It played professionally in the [[Soviet Second League]] from 1980 to 1989. Before the 1989 season it was called SKIF Alma-Ata. In 9 of their 10 professional seasons they finished the season in last place in their zone of the Second League, but were never relegated as this was a team specifically organized to get professional experience to junior prospects.

==External links==
* {{ru icon}} [http://footballfacts.ru/clubs/32094-rshvsm-almaata Team history by footballfacts]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rshvsm Alma-Ata}}
[[Category:Association football clubs established in 1980]]
[[Category:Association football clubs disestablished in 1990]]
[[Category:Defunct football clubs in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Football clubs in Almaty]]
[[Category:1980 establishments in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic]]
[[Category:1990 disestablishments in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic]]
[[Category:Defunct football clubs in Kazakhstan]]

{{Kazakhstan-footyclub-stub}}

FC Ile-Saulet

2016-05-10T06:52:45Z

Yobot: /* External links */Removed invisible unicode characters + other fixes, removed: ‎ using AWB (12006)

{{Infobox football club
| clubname = FC Ile-Saulet
| image = Logo_of_FC_Ile-Saulet.png
| fullname = Football Club Ile-Saulet Іле-Сәулет Футбол Клубы
| nickname =
| founded = {{Start date |df=yes|2006}}
| dissolved = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2013}}
| ground = Central Stadium [[Otegen Batyr]], Kazakhstan
| capacity =
| chairman =
| manager =
| league = [[Kazakhstan First Division]]
| season = [[2013 Kazakhstan First Division|2013]]
| position = 6th
}}

'''FC Ile-Saulet''' ({{lang-kk|Іле-Сәулет Футбол Клубы}}) is a defunct [[Kazakhstan]]i [[Football (soccer)|football]] club that was based in [[Otegen Batyr]] ([[Ile District, Kazakhstan|Ile District]] of [[Almaty Province]]).

==History==
The club was formed in 2006, debuting in the [[Kazakhstan First Division]] in 2008, before ceasing to exist at the end of the 2013 season.<ref>{{cite web|title=Команды Алматинской области должны быть ликвидированы|url=http://www.sports.kz/news/komandyi-almatinskoy-oblasti-doljnyi-byit-likvidirovanyi?page=5|website=http://www.sports.kz/|publisher=sports.kz|accessdate=4 November 2015|language=Russian|date=19 December 2013}}</ref>

===Domestic history===
{|class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! rowspan="2" | Season
! colspan="9" | League
! rowspan="2" | [[Kazakhstan Cup]]
! colspan="2" | Top goalscorer
! rowspan="2" | Manager
|-
! Div.
! Pos.
! Pl.
! W
! D
! L
! GS
! GA
! P
! Name
! League
|-
|align=center|[[2008 Kazakhstan First Division|2008]]
|align=center|[[Kazakhstan First Division|2nd]]
|align=center|'''4th'''
|align=center|26
|align=center|13
|align=center|5
|align=center|8
|align=center|44
|align=center|31
|align=center|'''44'''
|align=center|[[2008 Kazakhstan Cup|First round]]
|align=center|{{flagicon|KAZ}} Vladimir Karpin
|align=center|13
|align=center|
|-
|align=center|[[2009 Kazakhstan First Division|2009]]
|align=center|[[Kazakhstan First Division|2nd]]
|align=center|'''5th'''
|align=center|26
|align=center|12
|align=center|9
|align=center|5
|align=center|53
|align=center|24
|align=center|'''45'''
|align=center|[[2009 Kazakhstan Cup|First round]]
|align=center|{{flagicon|KAZ}} Alex Shapurin
|align=center|11
|align=center|
|-
|align=center|[[2010 Kazakhstan First Division|2010]]
|align=center|[[Kazakhstan First Division|2nd]]
|align=center|'''5th'''
|align=center|32
|align=center|18
|align=center|9
|align=center|7
|align=center|73
|align=center|38
|align=center|'''63'''
|align=center|[[2010 Kazakhstan Cup|First round]]
|align=center|{{flagicon|KAZ}} Zhandos Orazaliyev
|align=center|9
|align=center|
|-
|align=center|[[2011 Kazakhstan First Division|2011]]
|align=center|[[Kazakhstan First Division|2nd]]
|align=center|'''3rd'''
|align=center|32
|align=center|18
|align=center|5
|align=center|9
|align=center|42
|align=center|23
|align=center|'''59'''
|align=center|[[2011 Kazakhstan Cup|First round]]
|align=center|{{flagicon|KAZ}} Zhandos Orazaliyev
|align=center|11
|align=center|
|-
|align=center|[[2012 Kazakhstan First Division|2012]]
|align=center|[[Kazakhstan First Division|2nd]]
|style="text-align:center; background:gold;"|'''1'''
|align=center|30
|align=center|17
|align=center|10
|align=center|3
|align=center|52
|align=center|20
|align=center|'''61'''
|align=center|[[2012 Kazakhstan Cup|First round]]
|align=center|{{flagicon|KAZ}} Alex Shapurin
|align=center|10
|align=center|
|-
|align=center|[[2013 Kazakhstan First Division|2013]]
|align=center|[[Kazakhstan First Division|2nd]]
|align=center|'''6th'''
|align=center|34
|align=center|19
|align=center|8
|align=center|7
|align=center|66
|align=center|32
|align=center|'''65'''
|align=center|[[2013 Kazakhstan Cup|First round]]
|align=center|{{flagicon|KAZ}} Aidar Argimbayev
|align=center|9
|align=center|
|}

==Honours==
*[[Kazakhstan First Division]] (1): [[2012 Kazakhstan First Division|2012]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.kff.kz/4993 The team's squad in 2010]

{{Kazakhstan First Division teamlist}}
{{Kazakhstan First Division seasons}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ile-Saulet, Fc}}
[[Category:Association football clubs established in 2006]]
[[Category:Defunct football clubs in Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:2006 establishments in Kazakhstan]]

FC Dostyk

2016-05-10T06:52:43Z

Yobot: /* External links */Removed invisible unicode characters + other fixes, removed: ‎ using AWB (12006)

{{Infobox football club |
clubname = FC Dostyk|
image = Logo_of_FC_Dostyk.png|
fullname = FC Dostyk Almaty|
nickname = |
founded = |1993
ground = |
capacity = |
chairman = |
manager = |
league = [[Kazakhstan Super League]]|
season = [[Kazakhstan Super League 1994|1994]]|
position = |
}}

'''FC Dostyk''' were a [[Kazakhstan]]i [[football (soccer)|football]] club based in [[Almaty]]. The club were accepted to the [[Kazakhstan Super League 1993]] and won the Group A preliminary stage of that competition (although they did not go on and win the title). The same season also saw the club capture the [[Kazakhstan Cup]], defeating [[FC Taraz]] 4-2 in the final. Despite this early success Dostyk resigned from the league in the start of 1994 season.

==Achievements==
*'''[[Kazakhstan Cup]]''': 1
::1993

==External links==
* [http://klisf.info/numeric/index.app?cmd=comm_tst&lang=en&id=337352390476097606510198698014 Klisf.info] Club statistics

[[Category:Defunct football clubs in Kazakhstan|Dostyk, FC]]
[[Category:Football clubs in Almaty|Dostyk, FC]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in Kazakhstan]]

{{Kazakhstan-footyclub-stub}}

Volgo–Uralia

2016-03-09T17:22:29Z

Yobot: /* top */WP:CHECKWIKI error fixes/ ISSN syntax fixes using AWB (11967)

'''Volgo–Uralia''' is a [[continental crust|crustal]] [[tectonostratigraphy|segment]] that together with the [[Sarmatian Craton]] and the [[Fennoscandia|Fennoscandian Craton]] makes up the [[East European Craton]]. Volgo–Uralia is the easternmost of the three segments and borders the Sarmatian Craton to the southwest along the [[Pachelma aulacogen]] and the Fennoscandian Craton to the northwest along the [[Volhyn–Central Russian aulacogen]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gorbatschev |first=Roland |last2=Bogdanova |first2=Svetlana |date=December 1993 |title=Frontiers in the Baltic Shield |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Svetlana_Bogdanova/publication/222484090_Frontiers_in_the_Baltic_Shield/links/0deec51d578453ba7f000000.pdf |journal=[[Precambrian Research]] |publisher=Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. |volume=64 |issue=1-4 |pages=3–21 |issn=0301-9268 |doi=10.1016/0301-9268(93)90066-B |access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Geology of Europe}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Volgo-Uralia}}
[[Category:Cratons]]
[[Category:Geology of European Russia]]
[[Category:Geology of Kazakhstan]]

{{geology-stub}}

Magreb (Tengiz)

2015-12-24T08:58:42Z

Yobot: WP:CHECKWIKI error fixes using AWB (11759)

{{unreferenced|date=June 2012}}
'''Magreb''' was a medieval king in [[Central Asia]], specifically modern [[Kazakhstan]], who united the [[Tengizi islands]] in the [[Caspian Sea]] and formed the [[Kingdom of Tengiz]].

{{DEFAULTSORT:Magreb}}
[[Category:History of Kazakhstan]]

{{Kazakhstan-bio-stub}}

Law enforcement in Kazakhstan

2015-10-27T05:10:17Z

Yobot: WP:CHECKWIKI error fixes using AWB (11715)

[[File:Kazakhstan, Pavlodar. Police officers.jpg|thumb|right|Kazakhstani policeman]]
'''Law enforcement in Kazakhstan''' is handled by the [[Kazakhstan]] police and law courts, largely unchanged from the era of [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] control, and is shared between the country's [[National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan|National Security Committee]], Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Office of the Procurator General.

==Organisation==

The police force itself comes under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, whereas the National Security Committee and the Procurator General's office are responsibly for intelligence gathering and investigation respectively. From 1992 Kazakhstan became a member of [[INTERPOL]]. Its law enforcement agencies are closely tied with those of [[Russia]], [[Belarus]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Ukraine]], and [[Kyrgyzstan]].

The court system in Kazakhstan operates at three levels, local, province, and [[Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan|supreme court]], and operates under a system of guaranteed legal representation (similar to that of the [[United States|United States of America]]).

==Human rights allegations==

The website of the US Embassy in Kazakhstan notes that in 2004-2005 the Kazakhstan government's human-rights record "remained poor," and "the Government continued to commit numerous abuses."<ref>http://www.usembassy.kz/documents/support-hrr-kaz-en.html Retrieved 30 November 2006.</ref> Observer group [[Freedom House]] ranks this former [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] state with a 6 in Political Rights and a 5 in Civil Liberties (scale of 1-7; 1 is the highest), denoting it as "Not Free." Political expression was reported to be restricted in Kazakhstan in the months leading up to presidential elections in December, according to observers, including [[Human Rights Watch]] and [[Freedom House]].<ref>[http://www.freedomhouse.org/media/pressrel/111405.htm Freedom House]</ref>

The CIA world fact book cites that out of 76,000 prisoners interred in Kazakhstan prisons, 1,300 died of tuberculosis in 1995, and the prisons themselves suffer from overcrowding and staff shortages.<ref>Report of the ''USA CIA World Fact books'', the United Nations Statistical Office</ref> Government funding for the prison system is also seen to be inadequate.<ref>Report of the ''USA CIA World Fact books'', the United Nations Statistical Office</ref>

==Crime rates==

Kazakhstan has suffered from growing crime rates in recent years, and the police force is viewed as being understaffed and inefficient, with a rate of 50 crimes per 10,000 population being cited, most commonly [[violent crime]] and [[narcotics]], ([[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] and [[opium]] in particular, it is estimated that there are 1,380 km² of cannabis plantation).<ref>Report of the ''USA CIA World Fact books'', the United Nations Statistical Office</ref> The police are also reportedly understaffed, in some cases by as much as 2000 officers.<ref>Report of the ''USA CIA World Fact books'', the United Nations Statistical Office</ref>

==Notes==

{{reflist}}
{{Europe topic|Law enforcement in}}
{{Asia topic|Law enforcement in}}

[[Category:Politics of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Kazakhstani law]]
[[Category:Law enforcement in Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]]

2015 World Judo Championships – Women's team

2015-08-31T07:29:25Z

Yobot: WP:CHECKWIKI error fixes using AWB (11413)

{{Infobox multi-sport competition event
|event = Women's team
|championship = 2015 World Judo Championships
|venue = [[Alau Ice Palace]], [[Astana]]
|date = 30 August
|competitors = 75
|nations = 15
|gold = {{flag|Japan}}
|silver = {{flag|Poland}}
|bronze = {{flag|Germany}}
|bronze2 = {{flag|Russia}}
|prev = [[2014 World Judo Championships – Women's team|2014]]
|next = [[2017 World Judo Championships – Women's team|2017]]
}}
{{2015JudoWorldChampionships}}
The '''women's team''' competition of the [[2015 World Judo Championships]] was held on 30 August.

Each team consisted of five judokas from the –48, 57, 63, 70 and +70 kg categories

==Results==
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-NoSeeds-Byes
| RD1=First Round
| RD2=Quarterfinals
| RD3=Semifinals
| RD4=Final

| team-width=130
| score-width=20

| RD1-team03='''{{RUS}}
| RD1-score03='''4
| RD1-team04={{AUS}}
| RD1-score04=1

| RD1-team05='''{{GER}}
| RD1-score05='''4
| RD1-team06={{MEX}}
| RD1-score06=1

| RD1-team07='''{{POL}}
| RD1-score07='''5
| RD1-team08={{ALG}}
| RD1-score08=0

| RD1-team09='''{{JPN}}
| RD1-score09='''5
| RD1-team10={{BRA}}
| RD1-score10=0

| RD1-team11={{CUB}}
| RD1-score11=2
| RD1-team12='''{{CHN}}
| RD1-score12='''3

| RD1-team13='''{{MGL}}
| RD1-score13='''5
| RD1-team14={{KAZ}}
| RD1-score14=0

| RD1-team15={{Nowrap|'''{{KOR}}}}
| RD1-score15='''4
| RD1-team16={{TUN}}
| RD1-score16=1

| RD2-team01={{FRA}}
| RD2-score01=2
| RD2-team02='''{{RUS}}
| RD2-score02='''3

| RD2-team03={{GER}}
| RD2-score03=2
| RD2-team04='''{{POL}}
| RD2-score04='''3

| RD2-team05='''{{JPN}}
| RD2-score05='''5
| RD2-team06={{CHN}}
| RD2-score06=0

| RD2-team07='''{{MGL}}
| RD2-score07='''3
| RD2-team08={{Nowrap|{{KOR}}}}
| RD2-score08=2

| RD3-team01={{RUS}}
| RD3-score01=0
| RD3-team02='''{{POL}}
| RD3-score02='''5

| RD3-team03='''{{JPN}}
| RD3-score03='''5
| RD3-team04={{Nowrap|{{MGL}}}}
| RD3-score04=0

| RD4-team01={{Nowrap|{{POL}}}}
| RD4-score01=0
| RD4-team02='''{{JPN}}
| RD4-score02='''5

}}

===Repechage===
{{4TeamBracket-Compact-NoSeeds-Byes
| RD1=Repechage
| RD2=Third place
| team-width=175
| score-width=20
| RD1-team01={{FRA}}
| RD1-score01=2
| RD1-team02='''{{GER}}
| RD1-score02='''3
| RD2-team01='''{{GER}}
| RD2-score01='''3
| RD2-team02={{MGL}}
| RD2-score02=2
}}

{{4TeamBracket-Compact-NoSeeds-Byes
| RD1=Repechage
| RD2=Third place
| team-width=175
| score-width=20
| RD1-team01={{CHN}}
| RD1-score01=1
| RD1-team02='''{{KOR}}
| RD1-score02='''4
| RD2-team01={{KOR}}
| RD2-score01=2
| RD2-team02='''{{RUS}}
| RD2-score02='''3
}}

==References==
*[http://judolive01.lb.judobase.org/www.judo-world.net/ijf/world/wc_sen_teams2015/tta_menue.php?modus=1024&sprache=english Draw]

{{DEFAULTSORT:2015 World Judo Championships - Women's team}}
[[Category:2015 World Judo Championships|Women's team]]

Ephedra lomatolepis

2014-09-24T23:51:04Z

Yobot: WP:CHECKWIKI error fixes using AWB (10471)

{{Taxobox
| image =
| image_caption =
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Gnetophyta]]
| classis = [[Gnetophyta|Gnetopsida]]
| ordo = [[Ephedra (genus)|Ephedra]]les
| familia = [[Ephedra (genus)|Ephedra]]ceae
| genus = ''[[Ephedra (genus)|Ephedra]]''
| species = '''''E. lomatolepis'''''
| binomial = ''Ephedra lomatolepis''
| binomial_authority = [[Alexander Gustav von Schrenk|Schrenk]]
|synonyms=''Ephedra stenosperma'' Schrenk & C.A.Mey.
|synonyms_ref=<ref name=u/>
}}
'''''Ephedra lomatolepis''''' is a species of ''[[Ephedra (genus)|Ephedra]]'' that is native to [[Kazakhstan]] and to the [[Tuva]] region of [[Siberia]].<ref name=u>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=333043 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref><ref>Peschkova, G.A. (2005). Synopsis of the Siberian ''Ephedra'' species (Ephedraceae). Botanicheskii Zhurnal. Moscow & Leningrad 90: 423-436.</ref>

It was originally described by [[Alexander Gustav von Schrenk]] in 1844. [[Otto Stapf]]'s worldwide monograph on the genus included this species, but Stapf did not place it in a [[section (botany)|section]]. Later, it was placed in section ''[[Ephedra sect. Alatae|Alatae]]''.<ref name="Price 1996">Price, R. A. (1996). Systematics of the Gnetales: A review of morphological and molecular evidence. ''International Journal of Plant Sciences'', 157(6): S40-S49.</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{-}}

[[Category:Ephedraceae|lomatolepis]]
[[Category:Flora of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Flora of Siberia]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1844]]

{{plant-stub}}

Allium fedschenkoanum

2014-04-10T09:52:25Z

Yobot: WP:CHECKWIKI error fixes using AWB (10077)

{{Speciesbox
|name=
| taxon = Allium fedschenkoanum
| image =
| authority =[[Karl Sigismund Kunth|Kunth]]
|synonyms=''Allium atrosanguineum'' var. ''fedschenkoanum'' (Regel) G.H.Zhu & Turland
|synonyms_ref=
}}
'''''Allium fedschenkoanum''''' is a plant species found high in the high mountains of [[Pakistan]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Xinjiang]], [[Xizang]] ([[Tibet]]) and [[Tajikistan]]. It is a bulb-forming perennial up to 50 cm tall, producing an [[umbel]] of yellow flowers.<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=240001009 Flora of China]</ref><ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=250064541 Flora of Pakistan]</ref><ref>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=295079 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref><ref>G.H.Zhu & Turland. 2000 Novon 10: 181.</ref><ref>[http://www.botanicus.org/page/1311649 Regel, Eduard August von. 1875. Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaničeskago Sada 3(2): 82.]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Allium|fedschenkoanum]]
[[Category:Onions]]
[[Category:Flora of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Flora of Kyrgyzstan]]
[[Category:Flora of Xinjiang]]
[[Category:Flora of Tibet]]
[[Category:Flora of Tajikistan]]
[[Category:Flora of China]]
[[Category:Flora of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Flora of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1875]]

Allium azutavicum

2014-04-10T06:05:08Z

Yobot: WP:CHECKWIKI error fixes using AWB (10072)

{{Speciesbox
|name=
| taxon = Allium azutavicum
| image =
| authority =[[Yu.A.Kotukhov|Kotukhov]]
|synonyms=
|synonyms_ref=
}}
'''''Allium azutavicum''''' is a rare plant species [[endemic]] to [[Kazakhstan]].<ref>Kotukhov. 2003. Turczaninowia 6: 6.</ref><ref>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do;jsessionid=FC209929868FFA60F05869A24CA46D4A?name_id=309242 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Allium|azutavicum]]
[[Category:Onions]]
[[Category:Flora of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Plants described in 2003]]

Novosti Kazakhstana

2014-03-29T20:09:53Z

Yobot: WP:CHECKWIKI error fixes + other fixes using AWB (10067)

{{Orphan|date=December 2012}}

'''Novosti Kazakhstana''' ({{lang-ru|'''Новости–Казахстан'''}}) is a [[Kazakhstan|Kazakh]] news website.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpj.org/2012/08/two-journalists-brutally-beaten-in-kazakh-capital.php|title=Two journalists brutally beaten in Kazakh capital|publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists|date=14 August 2012|accessdate=28 December 2012}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Media of Kazakhstan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://newskaz.ru/ Official site]

[[Category:Online journalism]]
[[Category:Kazakhstani news websites]]

{{Kazakhstan-stub}}

Yarmaq

2014-03-28T20:04:40Z

Yobot: WP:CHECKWIKI error fixes + other fixes using AWB (10065)

{{multiple issues|
{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}
{{Orphan|date=December 2009}}
}}



'''Yarmaqs''' were [[silver]] [[coins]] minted in the [[Khazar Khaganate]] and other [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] polities in medieval [[Eurasia]]. The name is similar to Mongolian language word "yaarmag" meaning "market," especially outdoor ones that sell wide variety of goods.

==Resources==
*[[Roman K. Kovalev]]. "What Does Historical Numismatics Suggest About the Monetary History of Khazaria in the Ninth Century? – Question Revisited." ''Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi'' 13 (2004): 97–129.
*Roman K. Kovalev. "Creating Khazar Identity through Coins: The Special Issue Dirhams of 837/8." ''East Central and Eastern Europe in the Early Middle Ages'', ed. Florin Curta, pp. 220–253. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2005.

==See also==
*[[Khazars#Khazar coinage|Khazar coinage]]

[[Category:Currencies of Europe]]
[[Category:Currencies of Asia]]
[[Category:Medieval currencies]]
[[Category:Khazars]]

{{Coin-stub}}

Asia/Qyzylorda

2013-01-29T18:59:23Z

Yobot: /* See also */clean up / fixed sortkey (checkwiki error #37 and #6) using AWB (8873)

{{Infobox IANA time zone}}
'''Asia/Qyzylorda''' is a [[time zone]] identifier from the zone file of the [[IANA time zone database]]. The data is as follows:

{{tz/country code|Asia/Qyzylorda}}
{{tz/coordinates|Asia/Qyzylorda}}
Asia/Qyzylorda
{{tz/comments|Asia/Qyzylorda}}

The reference point is [[Kyzylorda]].

==Covered area ==
The covered area is [[Kyzylorda Province]].

[[File:Kazakhstan provinces.svg|thumb|left|400px|Provinces of Kazakhstan]]
{{clear}}

== See also ==
* [[Time in Kazakhstan]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Asia Qyzylorda}}
[[Category:Time in Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Tz database]]

Asia/Oral

2013-01-29T18:57:42Z

Yobot: /* See also */clean up / fixed sortkey (checkwiki error #37 and #6) using AWB (8873)

{{Infobox IANA time zone}}
'''Asia/Oral''' is a [[time zone]] identifier from the zone file of the [[IANA time zone database]]. The data is as follows:

{{tz/country code|Asia/Oral}}
{{tz/coordinates|Asia/Oral}}
Asia/Oral
{{tz/comments|Asia/Oral}}

The reference point is [[Oral, Kazakhstan]].

==Covered area ==
The covered area is [[West Kazakhstan Province]].

[[File:Kazakhstan provinces.svg|thumb|left|400px|Provinces of Kazakhstan]]
{{clear}}

== See also ==
* [[Time in Kazakhstan]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Asia Oral}}
[[Category:Time in Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Tz database]]

Asia/Aqtobe

2013-01-29T18:56:43Z

Yobot: /* See also */clean up / fixed sortkey (checkwiki error #37 and #6) using AWB (8873)

{{Infobox IANA time zone}}
'''Asia/Aqtobe''' is a [[time zone]] identifier from the zone file of the [[IANA time zone database]]. The data is as follows:

{{tz/country code|Asia/Aqtobe}}
{{tz/coordinates|Asia/Aqtobe}}
Asia/Aqtobe
{{tz/comments|Asia/Aqtobe}}

The reference point is [[Aktobe]].

==Covered area ==
The covered area is [[Aktobe Province]].

[[File:Kazakhstan provinces.svg|thumb|left|400px|Provinces of Kazakhstan]]
{{clear}}

== See also ==
* [[Time in Kazakhstan]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Asia Aqtobe}}
[[Category:Time in Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Tz database]]

Asia/Almaty

2013-01-29T18:56:22Z

Yobot: /* See also */clean up / fixed sortkey (checkwiki error #37 and #6) using AWB (8873)

{{Infobox IANA time zone}}
'''Asia/Almaty''' is a [[time zone]] identifier from the zone file of the [[IANA time zone database]]. The data is as follows:

{{tz/country code|Asia/Almaty}}
{{tz/coordinates|Asia/Almaty}}
Asia/Almaty
{{tz/comments|Asia/Almaty}}

The reference point is [[Almaty]].

==Covered area ==
The covered area is all of Kazakhstan, except for the 4 westernmost provinces.

[[File:Kazakhstan provinces.svg|thumb|left|400px|Provinces of Kazakhstan]]
{{clear}}

== See also ==
* [[Time in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Omsk Time]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Asia Almaty}}
[[Category:Time in Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Tz database]]