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Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery

2017-03-12T07:26:00Z

Molecule Extraction: removed Category:Treaties extended to North Borneo; added Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of North Borneo using HotCat

{{EngvarB|date=November 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2013}}
{{Infobox Treaty
| name =
| long_name = 1956 Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery
| image =
| image_width = 200px
| caption = Boy slave in [[Zanzibar]], c.1890
| type =
| date_drafted =
| date_signed = 7 September 1956
| location_signed = [[Geneva]], Switzerland
| date_sealed =
| date_effective = 30 April 1957
| condition_effective = Fulfilled
| date_expiration =
| signatories = 35
| parties = 123 (as at May 2013)<ref>[https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=XVIII-4&chapter=18&Temp=mtdsg3&clang=_en]</ref>(Convention and subsequent Protocol)
| depositor =
| language =
| languages =
| website =
| wikisource =
}}
The '''Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery''', the full title of which is the '''Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery''', is a 1956 United Nations treaty which builds upon the [[1926 Slavery Convention]], which is still operative and which proposed to secure the abolition of [[slavery]] and of the slave trade, and the [[Forced Labour Convention, 1930|Forced Labour Convention of 1930]], which banned [[forced labour|forced or compulsory labour]], by banning [[debt bondage]], [[serf]]dom, [[child marriage]], [[servile marriage]], and [[child servitude]].

== Summary of key articles ==
'''Article 1''' - The parties commit to abolish and abandon debt bondage, serfdom, servile marriage and child servitude.

'''Article 2''' - The parties commit to enacting [[marriageable age|minimum ages of marriage]], encouraging registration of marriages, and encouraging the public declaration of consent to marriage.

'''Article 3''' - Criminalisation of slave trafficking.

'''Article 4''' - Runaway slaves who take refuge on flag vessels of parties shall thereby ''[[ipso facto]]'' attain their freedom.

'''Article 5''' - Criminalisation of the marking (including [[mutilation]] and [[human branding|branding]]) of slaves and servile persons.

'''Article 6''' - Criminalisation of enslavement and giving others into slavery.

'''Article 7''' - Definitions of "slave", "a person of servile status" and "slave trade"

'''Article 9''' - No [[reservation (law)|reservations]] may be made to this Convention.

'''Article 12''' - This Convention shall apply to all [[United Nations trust territories|non-self-governing-trust]], colonial and other non-metropolitan territories to the [[international relations]] of which any State Party is responsible.
{{Slavery}}

==See also==
{{Portal|United Nations}}
*[[Anti-Slavery International]]
*[[Slave Trade Act]]s

==External links==
* Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery, 226 U.N.T.S. 3, entered into force 30 April 1957. [http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/f3scas.htm Text of the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery]

==References==
{{Reflist}}



{{DEFAULTSORT:Slavery Abolition Convention Supplementary}}
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Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949

2017-03-12T07:25:14Z

Molecule Extraction: removed Category:Treaties extended to North Borneo; added Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of North Borneo using HotCat

{{Infobox treaty
| name = Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention
| long_name = Convention concerning the Application of the Principles of the Right to Organise and to Bargain Collectively
| image_width =
| caption =
| type =
| date_drafted =
| date_signed = July 1, 1949
| location_signed = [[Geneva]]
| date_sealed =
| date_effective = July 19, 1951
| condition_effective = 2 ratifications
| date_expiration =
| signatories =
| parties = 164<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11300:0::NO:11300:P11300_INSTRUMENT_ID:312243|work=[[International Labour Organization]]|title=Ratifications|date=April 26, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Rspstciloc">{{cite news|title=SOMALIA: PM signs three core International Labour Organization conventions|url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/03/somalia-pm-signs-three-core-international-labour-organization-conventions/|accessdate=March 22, 2014|newspaper=Raxanreeb|date=March 22, 2014}}</ref>
| ratifiers =
| depositor = Director-General of the International Labour Office
| language =
| languages = French and English
| wikisource =
}}

The '''Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention''' (1949) [http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO:12100:P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:312243:NO No 98] is an [[International Labour Organization]] [[International Labour Organization#International Labour Conference|Convention]]. It is one of eight [[ILO fundamental conventions]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilo.org/global/standards/introduction-to-international-labour-standards/conventions-and-recommendations/lang--en/index.htm|title=Conventions and ratifications|work=[[International Labour Organization]]|date=May 27, 2011}}</ref>

Its counterpart on the general principle of [[freedom of association]] is the [[Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention]] (1949) No 87.

==Content==
The Preamble of Convention 98 notes its adoption on July 1, 1949. After this the Convention covers, first, the rights of union members to organise independently, without interference by employers in article 1 to 3. Second, articles 4 to 6 require the positive creation of rights to [[collective bargaining]], and that each member state's law promotes it.

===Rights to organise===
Article 1 states that workers must be protected against [[discrimination]] for joining a union, particularly conditions of employers to not join a [[trade union|union]], dismissal or any other prejudice for having union membership or engaging in union activities. Article 2 requires that both workers and employers' organisations (i.e. trade unions and business confederations) should not be interfered in their own establishment, functioning or administration. Article 2(2) prohibits, in particular, unions being dominated by employers through "financial or other means" (such as a union being given funding by an employer, or the employer influencing who the officials are). Article 3 requires each ILO member give effect to articles 1 and 2 through appropriate machinery, such as a government watchdog.

{{quote|
;Article 1
:1. Workers shall enjoy adequate protection against acts of anti-union discrimination in respect of their employment.

:2. Such protection shall apply more particularly in respect of acts calculated to--
::(a) make the employment of a worker subject to the condition that he shall not join a union or shall relinquish [[trade union]] membership;
::(b) cause the dismissal of or otherwise prejudice a worker by reason of union membership or because of participation in union activities outside working hours or, with the consent of the employer, within working hours.

;Article 2
:1. Workers' and employers' organisations shall enjoy adequate protection against any acts of interference by each other or each other's agents or members in their establishment, functioning or administration.
:2. In particular, acts which are designed to promote the establishment of workers' organisations under the domination of employers or employers' organisations, or to support workers' organisations by financial or other means, with the object of placing such organisations under the control of employers or employers' organisations, shall be deemed to constitute acts of interference within the meaning of this Article.

;Article 3
:Machinery appropriate to national conditions shall be established, where necessary, for the purpose of ensuring respect for the right to organise as defined in the preceding Articles.}}

===Rights to collective bargaining===
Article 4 goes on to [[collective bargaining]]. It requires that the law promotes "the full development and utilisation of machinery for voluntary negotiation" between worker organisations and employer groups to regulation employment "by means of collective agreements." Article 5 states that national law can provide different laws for the police and armed forces, and the Convention does not affect laws that existed when an ILO member ratifies the Convention. Article 6 further gives an exemption for "the position of public servants engaged in the administration of the State".

{{quote|
;Article 4
:Measures appropriate to national conditions shall be taken, where necessary, to encourage and promote the full development and utilisation of machinery for voluntary negotiation between employers or employers' organisations and workers' organisations, with a view to the regulation of terms and conditions of employment by means of collective agreements.

;Article 5
:1. The extent to which the guarantees provided for in this Convention shall apply to the armed forces and the police shall be determined by national laws or regulations.
:2. In accordance with the principle set forth in paragraph 8 of Article 19 of the Constitution of the International Labour Organisation the ratification of this Convention by any Member shall not be deemed to affect any existing law, award, custom or agreement in virtue of which members of the armed forces or the police enjoy any right guaranteed by this Convention.

;Article 6
:This Convention does not deal with the position of public servants engaged in the administration of the State, nor shall it be construed as prejudicing their rights or status in any way.}}

===Administrative provisions===
Article 7 says ratifications should be communicated to the ILO Director General. Article 8 says the Convention is only binding on those who have ratified it, although the 1998 Declaration means that this is no longer entirely true: the Convention is binding as a fact of membership in the ILO. Articles 9 and 10 deal with specific territories where the Convention may be applied or modified. Article 11 concerns denunciation of the Convention, although again, because of the 1998 Declaration, it is no longer possible for an ILO member to profess they are not bound by the Convention: it is an essential principle of international law. Article 12 states the Director General shall keep all members notified of which countries have adhered to the Conventions. Article 13 states this shall be communicated to the United Nations. Article 14 states the ILO Governing Body shall produce reports on the working of the Convention. Article 15 deals with revisions to the Convention (none have taken place yet), and article 16 states that the English and French versions are equally authoritative.

==Ratifications==
The following countries have ratified ILO Convention 98:

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Country
! Date
! Notes
|-
|{{flag|Albania}}
|June 3, 1957
|-
|{{flag|Algeria}}
|November 19, 1962
|-
|{{flag|Angola}}
|June 4, 1976
|-
|{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}
|February 2, 1983
|-
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|September 24, 1956
|-
|{{flag|Armenia}}
|November 12, 2003
|-
|{{flag|Australia}}
|February 28, 1973
|-
|{{flag|Austria}}
|November 10, 1951
|-
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|May 19, 1992
|-
|{{flag|Bahamas}}
|May 25, 1976
|-
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|June 22, 1972
|-
|{{flag|Barbados}}
|May 8, 1967
|-
|{{flag|Belarus}}
|November 6, 1956
|ratified as the [[Byelorussian SSR]]
|-
|{{flag|Belgium}}
|December 10, 1953
|-
|{{flag|Belize}}
|December 15, 1983
|-
|{{flag|Benin}}
|May 16, 1968
|-
|{{flag|Bolivia}}
|November 15, 1973
|-
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|June 2, 1993
|-
|{{flag|Botswana}}
|December 22, 1997
|-
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|November 18, 1952
|-
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}
|June 8, 1959
|-
|{{flag|Burkina Faso}}
|April 16, 1962
|-
|{{flag|Burundi}}
|October 10, 1997
|-
|{{flag|Cambodia}}
|August 23, 1999
|-
|{{flag|Cameroon}}
|September 3, 1962
|-
|{{flag|Cape Verde}}
|April 3, 1979
|-
|{{flag|Central African Republic}}
|June 9, 1964
|-
|{{flag|Chad}}
|June 8, 1961
|-
|{{flag|Chile}}
|February 1, 1999
|-
|{{flag|Colombia}}
|November 16, 1976
|-
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|October 23, 1978
|-
|{{flag|Congo}}
|November 26, 1999
|-
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|June 16, 1969
|-
|{{flag|Costa Rica}}
|June 2, 1960
|-
|{{flag|Côte d'Ivoire}}
|May 5, 1961
|-
|{{flag|Croatia}}
|October 8, 1991
|-
|{{flag|Cuba}}
|April 29, 1952
|-
|{{flag|Cyprus}}
|May 24, 1966
|-
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}
|January 1, 1993
|-
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|August 15, 1955
|-
|{{flag|Djibouti}}
|August 3, 1978
|-
|{{flag|Dominica}}
|February 28, 1983
|-
|{{flag|Dominican Republic}}
|September 22, 1953
|-
|{{flag|Ecuador}}
|May 28, 1959
|-
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|July 3, 1954
|-
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|August 13, 2001
|-
|{{flag|Eritrea}}
|February 22, 2000
|-
|{{flag|Estonia}}
|March 22, 1994
|-
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|June 4, 1963
|-
|{{flag|Fiji}}
|April 19, 1974
|-
|{{flag|Finland}}
|December 22, 1951
|-
|{{flag|France}}
|October 26, 1951
|-
|{{flag|Gabon}}
|May 29, 1951
|-
|{{flag|Gambia}}
|September 4, 2000
|-
|{{flag|Georgia (country)|Georgia}}
|June 22, 1993
|-
|{{flag|Germany}}
|June 8, 1956
|-
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|July 2, 1959
|-
|{{flag|Greece}}
|March 30, 1962
|-
|{{flag|Grenada}}
|July 9, 1979
|-
|{{flag|Guatemala}}
|February 13, 1952
|-
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}
|February 21, 1977
|-
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|March 26, 1959
|-
|{{flag|Guyana}}
|June 8, 1966
|-
|{{flag|Haiti}}
|April 12, 1957
|-
|{{flag|Honduras}}
|June 27, 1956
|-
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|June 6, 1957
|-
|{{flag|Iceland}}
|July 15, 1952
|-
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
|July 15, 1957
|-
|{{flag|Iraq}}
|November 27, 1962
|-
|{{flag|Ireland}}
|June 4, 1955
|-
|{{flag|Israel}}
|January 28, 1957
|-
|{{flag|Italy}}
|May 13, 1958
|-
|{{flag|Jamaica}}
|December 26, 1962
|-
|{{flag|Japan}}
|October 20, 1953
|-
|{{flag|Jordan}}
|December 12, 1968
|-
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|May 18, 2001
|-
|{{flag|Kenya}}
|January 13, 1964
|-
|{{flag|Kiribati}}
|February 3, 2000
|-
|{{flag|Kuwait}}
|August 9, 2007
|-
|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|March 31, 1992
|-
|{{flag|Latvia}}
|January 27, 1992
|-
|{{flag|Lebanon}}
|June 1, 1977
|-
|{{flag|Lesotho}}
|October 31, 1966
|-
|{{flag|Liberia}}
|May 25, 1962
|-
|{{flag|Libya}}
|June 20, 1962
|-
|{{flag|Lithuania}}
|September 26, 1994
|-
|{{flag|Luxembourg}}
|March 3, 1958
|-
|{{flag|Republic of Macedonia}}
|November 17, 1991
|-
|{{flag|Madagascar}}
|June 3, 1998
|-
|{{flag|Malawi}}
|March 22, 1965
|-
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
|June 5, 1961
|-
|{{flag|Maldives}}
|January 4, 2013
|-
|{{flag|Mali}}
|March 2, 1964
|-
|{{flag|Malta}}
|January 4, 1965
|-
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|December 3, 2001
|-
|{{flag|Mauritius}}
|December 2, 1969
|-
|{{flag|Republic of Moldova}}
|August 12, 1996
|-
|{{flag|Mongolia}}
|June 3, 1969
|-
|{{flag|Montenegro}}
|June 3, 2006
|-
|{{flag|Morocco}}
|May 20, 1957
|-
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|December 23, 1996
|-
|{{flag|Namibia}}
|January 3, 1995
|-
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|November 11, 1996
|-
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|December 22, 1993
|Ratification excludes [[Aruba]], [[Curaçao]], [[Sint Maarten]] and the [[Caribbean Netherlands]].
|-
|{{flag|New Zealand}}
|June 9, 2003
|-
|{{flag|Nicaragua}}
|October 31, 1967
|-
|{{flag|Niger}}
|March 23, 1962
|-
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|October 17, 1960
|-
|{{flag|Norway}}
|February 17, 1955
|-
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|May 26, 1952
|-
|{{flag|Panama}}
|May 16, 1966
|-
|{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}
|May 1, 1976
|-
|{{flag|Paraguay}}
|March 21, 1966
|-
|{{flag|Peru}}
|March 13, 1964
|-
|{{flag|Philippines}}
|December 12, 1953
|-
|{{flag|Poland}}
|February 25, 1957
|-
|{{flag|Portugal}}
|July 1, 1964
|-
|{{flag|Romania}}
|November 26, 1958
|-
|{{flag|Russian Federation}}
|August 10, 1956
|ratified as the [[Soviet Union]]
|-
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|August 11, 1988
|-
|{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
|September 4, 2000
|-
|{{flag|Saint Lucia}}
|May 14, 1980
|-
|{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
|October 21, 1998
|-
|{{flag|Samoa}}
|June 30, 2008
|-
|{{flag|San Marino}}
|December 19, 1986
|-
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|June 17, 1992
|-
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|July 28, 1961
|-
|{{flag|Serbia}}
|November 24, 2000
|ratified as [[Serbia and Montenegro]]
|-
|{{flag|Seychelles}}
|October 4, 1999
|-
|{{flag|Sierra Leone}}
|June 13, 1961
|-
|{{flag|Singapore}}
|October 25, 1965
|-
|{{flag|Slovakia}}
|January 1, 1993
|-
|{{flag|Slovenia}}
|May 29, 1992
|-
|{{flag|Solomon Islands}}
|April 13, 2012
|-
|{{flag|Somalia}}
|March 22, 2014
|-
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|February 19, 1996
|-
|{{flag|South Sudan}}
|April 29, 2012
|-
|{{flag|Spain}}
|April 20, 1977
|-
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}
|December 13, 1972
|-
|{{flag|Sudan}}
|June 18, 1957
|-
|{{flag|Suriname}}
|June 5, 1996
|-
|{{flag|Swaziland}}
|April 26, 1978
|-
|{{flag|Sweden}}
|July 18, 1950
|-
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
|August 17, 1999
|-
|{{flag|Syria}}
|June 7, 1957
|-
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}
|November 26, 1993
|-
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|January 30, 1962
|ratified as [[Tanganyika]]
|-
|{{flag|Timor Leste}}
|June 16, 2009
|-
|{{flag|Togo}}
|November 8, 1983
|-
|{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}
|May 24, 1963
|-
|{{flag|Tunisia}}
|May 15, 1957
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|January 23, 1952
|-
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}
|May 15, 1997
|-
|{{flag|Uganda}}
|June 4, 1963
|-
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
|September 14, 1956
|ratified as the [[Ukrainian SSR]]
|-
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|June 30, 1950
|-
|{{flag|Uruguay}}
|March 18, 1954
|-
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}
|July 13, 1992
|-
|{{flag|Vanuatu}}
|August 28, 2006
|-
|{{flag|Venezuela}}
|December 19, 1968
|-
|{{flag|Yemen}}
|April 14, 1969
|ratified as [[South Yemen]]
|-
|{{flag|Zambia}}
|September 2, 1996
|-
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|August 27, 1998
|}
{{clear}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Organized labour}}
*[[Freedom of association]]
*[[Freedom of assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO:12100:P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:312243:NO Text of the Convention]
* [http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11300:0::NO:11300:P11300_INSTRUMENT_ID:312243 ratifications]

[[Category:Freedom of association]]
[[Category:International Labour Organization conventions]]
[[Category:Treaties concluded in 1949]]
[[Category:Treaties entered into force in 1951]]
[[Category:Treaties of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania]]
[[Category:Treaties of Algeria]]
[[Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of Angola]]
[[Category:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda]]
[[Category:Treaties of Argentina]]
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[[Category:Treaties of the Second Brazilian Republic]]
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[[Category:Treaties of Burundi]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cambodia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cameroon]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cape Verde]]
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[[Category:Treaties of Chad]]
[[Category:Treaties of Chile]]
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[[Category:Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1964–71)]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Treaties of Costa Rica]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ivory Coast]]
[[Category:Treaties of Croatia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cuba]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cyprus]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Czech Republic]]
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[[Category:Treaties of Paraguay]]
[[Category:Treaties of Peru]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Polish People's Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Estado Novo (Portugal)]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Romania]]
[[Category:Treaties of Rwanda]]
[[Category:Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis]]
[[Category:Treaties of Saint Lucia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]
[[Category:Treaties of Samoa]]
[[Category:Treaties of San Marino]]
[[Category:Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe]]
[[Category:Treaties of Senegal]]
[[Category:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro]]
[[Category:Treaties of Seychelles]]
[[Category:Treaties of Sierra Leone]]
[[Category:Treaties of Singapore]]
[[Category:Treaties of Slovakia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Slovenia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Solomon Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties of Somalia]]
[[Category:Treaties of South Africa]]
[[Category:Treaties of South Sudan]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Treaties of Spain]]
[[Category:Treaties of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Republic of the Sudan (1956–69)]]
[[Category:Treaties of Suriname]]
[[Category:Treaties of Swaziland]]
[[Category:Treaties of Sweden]]
[[Category:Treaties of Switzerland]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Syrian Republic (1930–58)]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tajikistan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Togo]]
[[Category:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tunisia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Turkey]]
[[Category:Treaties of Turkmenistan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Uganda]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Treaties of Uruguay]]
[[Category:Treaties of Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Vanuatu]]
[[Category:Treaties of Venezuela]]
[[Category:Treaties of South Yemen]]
[[Category:Treaties of Yugoslavia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Zambia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Zimbabwe]]
[[Category:Treaties of East Germany]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tanganyika]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Territory of Papua and New Guinea]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Norfolk Island]]
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[[Category:Treaties extended to Réunion]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Aden]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of the Bahamas]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the West Indies Federation]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Honduras]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Bermuda]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of North Borneo]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Brunei (protectorate)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Fiji]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Gambia Colony and Protectorate]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Gibraltar]]
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[[Category:Treaties extended to Jersey]]
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[[Category:Treaties extended to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Basutoland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Malta]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Isle of Man]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Mauritius]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Sarawak]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Sierra Leone]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Singapore]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Swaziland (protectorate)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Tanganyika (territory)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Uganda Protectorate]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Northern Rhodesia]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Sultanate of Zanzibar]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Aden Protectorate]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Greenland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to French Somaliland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to French Polynesia]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to New Caledonia]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Saint Pierre and Miquelon]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Hong Kong]]
[[Category:1949 in labour relations]]

Protection of Wages Convention, 1949

2017-03-12T07:23:48Z

Molecule Extraction: removed Category:Treaties extended to North Borneo; added Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of North Borneo using HotCat

{{Infobox International Labour Organization convention
|code= C95
|name= Protection of Wages Convention, 1949
|adopt= July 1, 1949
|force= September 24, 1952
|classify= Protection of Wages
|subject= [[Wage]]s
|prev= [[Labour Clauses (Public Contracts) Convention, 1949]]
|next= [[Fee-Charging Employment Agencies Convention (Revised), 1949]]
|shelved=
}}
'''Protection of Wages Convention, 1949''' is an [[International Labour Organization]] [[International Labour Organization#International Labour Conference|Convention]].

It was established in 1949, with the preamble stating:
<blockquote>Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals concerning the protection of wages,...</blockquote>

This Convention is referred at preamble of the [[Abolition of Forced Labour Convention]] in 1957.

== Modification ==
The convention was subsequently revised by Convention C173, [[Protection of Workers' Claims (Employer's Insolvency) Convention, 1992]].

== Ratifications==
As of 2015, the convention had been ratified by 98 states. Subsequent to ratification, one state—the [[United Kingdom]]—has denounced the treaty.

== External links ==
*[http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO:12100:P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:312240:NO Text].
*[http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11300:0::NO:11300:P11300_INSTRUMENT_ID:312240 Ratifications].

[[Category:Wages and salaries]]
[[Category:International Labour Organization conventions]]
[[Category:Treaties concluded in 1949]]
[[Category:Treaties entered into force in 1952]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Albania]]
[[Category:Treaties of Algeria]]
[[Category:Treaties of Argentina]]
[[Category:Treaties of Armenia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Austria]]
[[Category:Treaties of Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Bahamas]]
[[Category:Treaties of Barbados]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Belgium]]
[[Category:Treaties of Belize]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Republic of Dahomey]]
[[Category:Treaties of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Second Brazilian Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Botswana]]
[[Category:Treaties of Burkina Faso]]
[[Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cameroon]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Central African Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Chad]]
[[Category:Treaties of Colombia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Comoros]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Treaties of Costa Rica]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cuba]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cyprus]]
[[Category:Treaties of Czechoslovakia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ivory Coast]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1964–71)]]
[[Category:Treaties of Djibouti]]
[[Category:Treaties of Dominica]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Dominican Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ecuador]]
[[Category:Treaties of the United Arab Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of the French Fourth Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Gabon]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece]]
[[Category:Treaties of Grenada]]
[[Category:Treaties of Guatemala]]
[[Category:Treaties of Guinea]]
[[Category:Treaties of Guyana]]
[[Category:Treaties of Honduras]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Pahlavi dynasty]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Iraqi Republic (1958–68)]]
[[Category:Treaties of Israel]]
[[Category:Treaties of Italy]]
[[Category:Treaties of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Lebanon]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Libya]]
[[Category:Treaties of Madagascar]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Federation of Malaya]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mali]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mauritania]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mauritius]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mexico]]
[[Category:Treaties of Moldova]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Treaties of Nicaragua]]
[[Category:Treaties of Niger]]
[[Category:Treaties of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Treaties of Norway]]
[[Category:Treaties of Panama]]
[[Category:Treaties of Paraguay]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Polish People's Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Portugal]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Romania]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Treaties of Saint Lucia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Senegal]]
[[Category:Treaties of Sierra Leone]]
[[Category:Treaties of Slovakia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Slovenia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Solomon Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties of Francoist Spain]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Somali Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Treaties of Suriname]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Swaziland]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Syrian Republic (1930–58)]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tajikistan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tanganyika]]
[[Category:Treaties of Togo]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tunisia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Turkey]]
[[Category:Treaties of Uganda]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Uruguay]]
[[Category:Treaties of Venezuela]]
[[Category:Treaties of South Yemen]]
[[Category:Treaties of Zambia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]
[[Category:Treaties of Malta]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to French Comoros]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to French Somaliland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to French Guiana]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to French Polynesia]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Guadeloupe]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Martinique]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Réunion]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to New Caledonia]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Saint Pierre and Miquelon]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Netherlands New Guinea]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Aden]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of the Bahamas]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the West Indies Federation]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Honduras]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Bechuanaland Protectorate]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of North Borneo]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Somaliland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Brunei (protectorate)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Cyprus]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Gibraltar]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Guiana]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Jersey]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Kenya]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Malta]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Isle of Man]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Mauritius]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Sarawak]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Sierra Leone]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the British Solomon Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Tanganyika (territory)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Uganda Protectorate]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Sultanate of Zanzibar]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Aden Protectorate]]
[[Category:1949 in labour relations]]

Convention on the Nationality of Married Women

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The '''Convention on the Nationality of Married Women''' is an international convention passed by the United Nations General Assembly in 1957. It entered into force in 1958 and as of 2013 it has 74 state parties.

==Background==
Before the ''Convention on the Nationality of Married Women'', no legislation existed to protect married women's right to retain or renounce national citizenship in the way that men could. Women's rights groups recognized a need to legally protect the citizenship rights of women who married someone from outside their country or nationality. The [[League of Nations]], the international organization later succeeded by the [[United Nations]], was lobbied by women's rights groups during the early 20th century to address the lack of international laws recognizing married women's rights of national citizenship. The [[Conference for the Codification of International Law]], held at [[The Hague]] in 1930, drew protests from international women's rights groups, yet the League declined to include legislation enforcing married women's nationality rights. The League took the position that it was not their role, but the role of member states, to deal with equality between men and women.<ref>{{cite book|last=Berkovitch|first=Nitza|title=From Motherhood to Citizenship: Women's Rights and International Organizations|year=1999|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=9780801860287|pages=80}}</ref>

The International Women's Suffrage Alliance (IWSA, later renamed the [[International Alliance of Women]]) launched a telegram campaign in 1931 to pressure the League of Nations to address the lack of legislation. Women from around the world sent telegrams to the League of Nations as a protest. The League made the concession of creating an unfunded Consultative Committee on Nationality of Women.<ref>{{cite book|last=Berkovitch|first=Nitza|title=From Motherhood to Citizenship: Women's Rights and International Organizations|year=1999|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=9780801860287|pages=80}}</ref>

The [[Pan-American Conference]] in [[Montevideo]] passed a ''[[Convention on the Nationality of Women]]'' in 1933.<ref name="umn.edu/">{{cite web|title=Convention on the Nationality of Women, O.A.S. Treaty Series No. 4, 38, entered into force Aug. 29, 1934|url=https://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/uruguay1933.html|publisher=University of Minnesota Human Rights Library|accessdate=28 February 2016}}</ref> It was passed by the Pan American Conference at the same time as the ''Treaty on the Equality of Rights Between Men and Women''. These were the first pieces of international law to "explicitly set sexual equality as a principle to be incorporated into national legislation"<ref>{{cite book|last=Berkovitch|first=Nitza|title=From Motherhood to Citizenship: Women's Rights and International Organizations|year=1999|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=9780801860287|pages=81}}</ref> which was required of countries ratifying the convention and treaty. Lobbying by the [[American National Women's Party]] has been credited with this legislation.<ref>{{cite book|last=Berkovitch|first=Nitza|title=From Motherhood to Citizenship: Women's Rights and International Organizations|year=1999|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=9780801860287|pages=82}}</ref> However, neither the [[International Labour Organization]] (ILO) nor the League of Nations passed any legislation on the issue during the interwar years.

==Entry into Force==
The issue of the nationality of married women was a leading women's rights issue facing the [[United Nations]] after its establishment. The [[United Nations Commission on the Status of Women]] was created, and made it a priority of their agenda, launching a study in 1948. The Commission recommended to the United Nations Economic and Social Council that legislation be drafted to give women equal rights as set out in Article 15 of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Joyce|first=James Avery|title=Human Rights: International Documents, Volume 1|year=1978|publisher=Brill Archive|isbn=9789028602984|pages=183}}</ref> The ''Convention on the Nationality of Married Women'' entered into force on August 11, 1958.

As of 2013, the convention has been ratified by 74 states. It has been denounced by the ratifying states of [[Luxembourg]], [[Netherlands]], and [[United Kingdom]].

==Purpose==
The Convention was concluded in the light of the [[conflict of laws|conflicts of law]] on [[nationality]] derived from provisions concerning the loss or acquisition of [[nationality]] by women as a result of [[marriage]], [[divorce]], or of the change of [[nationality]] by the husband during [[marriage]]. It allows women to adopt the nationality of their husband based upon the woman's own decision, but does not require it.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kinnear|first=Karen L.|title=Women in Developing Countries: A Reference Handbook|year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781598844252|pages=179}}</ref>

The Convention seeks to fulfill aspirations articulated in Article 15 of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] that 'everyone has a right to a [[nationality]]' and 'no one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his [[nationality]] nor denied the right to change his [[nationality]]'.

==Key principles==
<blockquote>Article 1
* Woman's [[nationality]] not to be automatically affected by [[marriage]] to an [[Alien (law)|alien]].

Article 2
* Acquisition or renunciation of a [[nationality]] by a husband not to prevent the wife's retention of her [[nationality]].

Article 3
* Specially privileged nationality procedures to be available for wives to take the nationality of their husbands.</blockquote>

==See also==
*[[Citizenship]]
*[[Statelessness]]
*[[Statelessness Reduction Convention]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1958/08/19580811%2001-34%20AM/Ch_XVI_2p.pdf Full Convention Text]
*[http://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?&src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XVI~2&chapter=16&Temp=mtdsg3&lang=en Signatures and ratifications].

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nationality of Married Women Convention}}
[[Category:Family law treaties]]
[[Category:Marriage]]
[[Category:Women's rights instruments]]
[[Category:Nationality treaties]]
[[Category:Treaties entered into force in 1958]]
[[Category:United Nations treaties]]
[[Category:Treaties concluded in 1957]]
[[Category:Treaties adopted by United Nations General Assembly resolutions]]
[[Category:Treaties of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania]]
[[Category:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda]]
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[[Category:Treaties of Liberia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya]]
[[Category:Treaties of Malawi]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Federation of Malaya]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mali]]
[[Category:Treaties of Malta]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mauritius]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mexico]]
[[Category:Treaties of Montenegro]]
[[Category:Treaties of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Treaties of Nicaragua]]
[[Category:Treaties of Norway]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Polish People's Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Romania]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Treaties of Rwanda]]
[[Category:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro]]
[[Category:Treaties of Yugoslavia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Sierra Leone]]
[[Category:Treaties of Singapore]]
[[Category:Treaties of Slovakia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Slovenia]]
[[Category:Treaties of South Africa]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Dominion of Ceylon]]
[[Category:Treaties of Saint Lucia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]
[[Category:Treaties of Swaziland]]
[[Category:Treaties of Sweden]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Republic of Macedonia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tunisia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Uganda]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tanganyika]]
[[Category:Treaties of Venezuela]]
[[Category:Treaties of Zambia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Zimbabwe]]
[[Category:1957 in New York]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Cook Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Tokelau]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Niue]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Ashmore and Cartier Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Australian Antarctic Territory]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Christmas Island]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Cocos (Keeling) Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Heard Island and McDonald Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Norfolk Island]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Coral Sea Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Aden]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of the Bahamas]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the West Indies Federation]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Basutoland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Bechuanaland Protectorate]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Bermuda]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Guiana]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Honduras]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the British Solomon Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Somaliland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Cyprus]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Fiji]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Gambia Colony and Protectorate]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Gibraltar]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Kenya]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Malta]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Mauritius]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of North Borneo]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Sarawak]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Tanganyika (territory)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Seychelles]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Sierra Leone]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Singapore]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Swaziland (protectorate)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Uganda Protectorate]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Sultanate of Zanzibar]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Kingdom of Tonga (1900–70)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Brunei (protectorate)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Aruba]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Aden Protectorate]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to West Berlin]]
[[Category:1957 in women's history]]

Labour Inspection Convention, 1947

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{{Infobox International Labour Organization convention
|code= C81
|name= Labour Inspection Convention, 1947
|adopt= July 11, 1947
|force= April 7, 1950
|classify= Labour Inspection
|subject= Labour Administration and Inspection
|prev= [[Final Articles Revision Convention, 1946]]
|next= [[Social Policy (Non-Metropolitan Territories) Convention, 1947]]
|shelved=
}}
'''Labour Inspection Convention, 1947''' is an [[International Labour Organization]] [[International Labour Organization#International Labour Conference|Convention]].

It was established in 1947 with the preamble stating:
<blockquote>Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to the organisation of labour inspection in industry and commerce,...</blockquote>

== Ratifications==
As of 2014, 145 of the 186 ILO states had ratified the convention.

== External links ==
*[http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO:12100:P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:312226:NO Text]
*[http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11300:0::NO:11300:P11300_INSTRUMENT_ID:312226 ratifications]

[[Category:International Labour Organization conventions]]
[[Category:Treaties concluded in 1947]]
[[Category:Treaties entered into force in 1950]]
[[Category:Treaties of Albania]]
[[Category:Treaties of Algeria]]
[[Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of Angola]]
[[Category:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda]]
[[Category:Treaties of Argentina]]
[[Category:Treaties of Armenia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Australia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Austria]]
[[Category:Treaties of Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Bahamas]]
[[Category:Treaties of Bahrain]]
[[Category:Treaties of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Treaties of Barbados]]
[[Category:Treaties of Belarus]]
[[Category:Treaties of Belgium]]
[[Category:Treaties of Belize]]
[[Category:Treaties of Benin]]
[[Category:Treaties of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Treaties of Brazil]]
[[Category:Treaties of Bulgaria]]
[[Category:Treaties of Burkina Faso]]
[[Category:Treaties of Burundi]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cameroon]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cape Verde]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Central African Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Chad]]
[[Category:Treaties of Colombia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Comoros]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1964–71)]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Treaties of Costa Rica]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ivory Coast]]
[[Category:Treaties of Croatia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cuba]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cyprus]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Denmark]]
[[Category:Treaties of Djibouti]]
[[Category:Treaties of Dominica]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Dominican Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ecuador]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Republic of Egypt (1953–58)]]
[[Category:Treaties of El Salvador]]
[[Category:Treaties of Estonia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Fiji]]
[[Category:Treaties of Finland]]
[[Category:Treaties of the French Fourth Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Gabon]]
[[Category:Treaties of West Germany]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ghana]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece]]
[[Category:Treaties of Grenada]]
[[Category:Treaties of Guatemala]]
[[Category:Treaties of Guinea]]
[[Category:Treaties of Guinea-Bissau]]
[[Category:Treaties of Haiti]]
[[Category:Treaties of Honduras]]
[[Category:Treaties of Hungary]]
[[Category:Treaties of Iceland]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Dominion of India]]
[[Category:Treaties of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Iraq]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ireland]]
[[Category:Treaties of Israel]]
[[Category:Treaties of Italy]]
[[Category:Treaties of Jamaica]]
[[Category:Treaties of Japan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Jordan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Kazakhstan]]
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[[Category:Treaties of South Korea]]
[[Category:Treaties of Kuwait]]
[[Category:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Latvia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Lebanon]]
[[Category:Treaties of Lesotho]]
[[Category:Treaties of Liberia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Libyan Arab Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Lithuania]]
[[Category:Treaties of Luxembourg]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Republic of Macedonia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Madagascar]]
[[Category:Treaties of Malawi]]
[[Category:Treaties of Malaysia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mali]]
[[Category:Treaties of Malta]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mauritania]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mauritius]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mexico]]
[[Category:Treaties of Moldova]]
[[Category:Treaties of Montenegro]]
[[Category:Treaties of Morocco]]
[[Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of Mozambique]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Treaties of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Treaties of Niger]]
[[Category:Treaties of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Treaties of Norway]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Dominion of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Panama]]
[[Category:Treaties of Papua New Guinea]]
[[Category:Treaties of Paraguay]]
[[Category:Treaties of Peru]]
[[Category:Treaties of Poland]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Estado Novo (Portugal)]]
[[Category:Treaties of Qatar]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Romania]]
[[Category:Treaties of Rwanda]]
[[Category:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]
[[Category:Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe]]
[[Category:Treaties of Saudi Arabia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Senegal]]
[[Category:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro]]
[[Category:Treaties of Seychelles]]
[[Category:Treaties of Sierra Leone]]
[[Category:Treaties of Singapore]]
[[Category:Treaties of Slovakia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Slovenia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Solomon Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties of South Africa]]
[[Category:Treaties of Russia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Francoist Spain]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Dominion of Ceylon]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Suriname]]
[[Category:Treaties of Swaziland]]
[[Category:Treaties of Sweden]]
[[Category:Treaties of Switzerland]]
[[Category:Treaties of the United Arab Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tajikistan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Togo]]
[[Category:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tunisia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Turkey]]
[[Category:Treaties of Uganda]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ukraine]]
[[Category:Treaties of the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:Treaties of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Treaties of Uruguay]]
[[Category:Treaties of Venezuela]]
[[Category:Treaties of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Yemen Arab Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Yugoslavia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Zambia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Zimbabwe]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tanganyika]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Curaçao and Dependencies]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Greenland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to French Guiana]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Guadeloupe]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Martinique]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Réunion]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Surinam (Dutch colony)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the West Indies Federation]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Honduras]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of North Borneo]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Brunei (protectorate)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Cyprus]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Gibraltar]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Guernsey]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Guiana]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Jersey]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Kenya]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Malta]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Isle of Man]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Mauritius]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Sarawak]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Sierra Leone]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Singapore]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the British Solomon Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Tanganyika (territory)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Uganda Protectorate]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Southern Rhodesia]]
[[Category:1947 in labour relations]]

Convention on the International Maritime Organization

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#REDIRECT[[International Maritime Organization]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:International Maritime Organizations Convention}}
[[Category:International Maritime Organization treaties|*]]
[[Category:Treaties concluded in 1948]]
[[Category:Treaties entered into force in 1958]]
[[Category:1948 in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Admiralty law treaties]]
[[Category:Law of the sea treaties]]
[[Category:Treaties of Albania]]
[[Category:Treaties of Algeria]]
[[Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of Angola]]
[[Category:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda]]
[[Category:Treaties of Argentina]]
[[Category:Treaties of Australia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Austria]]
[[Category:Treaties of Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Bahamas]]
[[Category:Treaties of Bahrain]]
[[Category:Treaties of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Treaties of Barbados]]
[[Category:Treaties of Belarus]]
[[Category:Treaties of Belgium]]
[[Category:Treaties of Belize]]
[[Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of Benin]]
[[Category:Treaties of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Treaties of Botswana]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Second Brazilian Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Brunei]]
[[Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria]]
[[Category:Treaties of Burundi]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–70)]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cameroon]]
[[Category:Treaties of Canada]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cape Verde]]
[[Category:Treaties of Chile]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Republic of China (1949–71)]]
[[Category:Treaties of Colombia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Comoros]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Cook Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties of Costa Rica]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ivory Coast]]
[[Category:Treaties of Croatia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cuba]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cyprus]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Czechoslovakia]]
[[Category:Treaties of North Korea]]
[[Category:Treaties of Zaire]]
[[Category:Treaties of Denmark]]
[[Category:Treaties of Djibouti]]
[[Category:Treaties of Dominica]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Dominican Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ecuador]]
[[Category:Treaties of the United Arab Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of El Salvador]]
[[Category:Treaties of Equatorial Guinea]]
[[Category:Treaties of Eritrea]]
[[Category:Treaties of Estonia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Derg]]
[[Category:Treaties of Fiji]]
[[Category:Treaties of Finland]]
[[Category:Treaties of France]]
[[Category:Treaties of Gabon]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Gambia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Treaties of West Germany]]
[[Category:Treaties of East Germany]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ghana]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece]]
[[Category:Treaties of Grenada]]
[[Category:Treaties of Guatemala]]
[[Category:Treaties of Guinea]]
[[Category:Treaties of Guinea-Bissau]]
[[Category:Treaties of Guyana]]
[[Category:Treaties of Haiti]]
[[Category:Treaties of Honduras]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Iceland]]
[[Category:Treaties of India]]
[[Category:Treaties of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Pahlavi dynasty]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ba'athist Iraq]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ireland]]
[[Category:Treaties of Israel]]
[[Category:Treaties of Italy]]
[[Category:Treaties of Jamaica]]
[[Category:Treaties of Japan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Jordan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Kenya]]
[[Category:Treaties of Kiribati]]
[[Category:Treaties of Kuwait]]
[[Category:Treaties of Latvia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Lebanon]]
[[Category:Treaties of Liberia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Libyan Arab Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Lithuania]]
[[Category:Treaties of Luxembourg]]
[[Category:Treaties of Madagascar]]
[[Category:Treaties of Malawi]]
[[Category:Treaties of Malaysia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Maldives]]
[[Category:Treaties of Malta]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Marshall Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mauritania]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mauritius]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mexico]]
[[Category:Treaties of Monaco]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mongolia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Montenegro]]
[[Category:Treaties of Morocco]]
[[Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of Mozambique]]
[[Category:Treaties of Myanmar]]
[[Category:Treaties of Namibia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Nepal]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Treaties of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Treaties of Nicaragua]]
[[Category:Treaties of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Treaties of Norway]]
[[Category:Treaties of Oman]]
[[Category:Treaties of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Palau]]
[[Category:Treaties of Panama]]
[[Category:Treaties of Papua New Guinea]]
[[Category:Treaties of Paraguay]]
[[Category:Treaties of Peru]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Polish People's Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Portugal]]
[[Category:Treaties of Qatar]]
[[Category:Treaties of South Korea]]
[[Category:Treaties of Moldova]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Romania]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Treaties of Samoa]]
[[Category:Treaties of San Marino]]
[[Category:Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe]]
[[Category:Treaties of Saudi Arabia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Senegal]]
[[Category:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro]]
[[Category:Treaties of Seychelles]]
[[Category:Treaties of Sierra Leone]]
[[Category:Treaties of Singapore]]
[[Category:Treaties of Slovakia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Slovenia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Solomon Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Somali Democratic Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of South Africa]]
[[Category:Treaties of Spain]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Dominion of Ceylon]]
[[Category:Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis]]
[[Category:Treaties of Saint Lucia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Suriname]]
[[Category:Treaties of Sweden]]
[[Category:Treaties of Switzerland]]
[[Category:Treaties of Syria]]
[[Category:Treaties of Thailand]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Republic of Macedonia]]
[[Category:Treaties of East Timor]]
[[Category:Treaties of Togo]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tonga]]
[[Category:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tunisia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Turkey]]
[[Category:Treaties of Turkmenistan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tuvalu]]
[[Category:Treaties of Uganda]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ukraine]]
[[Category:Treaties of the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:Treaties of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tanzania]]
[[Category:Treaties of the United States]]
[[Category:Treaties of Uruguay]]
[[Category:Treaties of Vanuatu]]
[[Category:Treaties of Venezuela]]
[[Category:Treaties of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Treaties of South Yemen]]
[[Category:Treaties of Yugoslavia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Zambia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Zimbabwe]]
[[Category:Treaties establishing intergovernmental organizations]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Aruba]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Portuguese Macau]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of North Borneo]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Sarawak]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to West Berlin]]

Agreement on the Importation of Educational, Scientific and Cultural Materials

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{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{redirects|Florence Agreement|the 1996 Balkans arms control treaty|Agreement on Sub-Regional Arms Control}}
The '''Agreement on the Importation of Educational, Scientific and Cultural Materials''' (also known as the '''Florence Agreement''') is a 1950 [[UNESCO]] [[multilateral treaty|treaty]] whereby states agree to not impose [[custom duty|customs duties]] on certain educational, scientific, and cultural materials that are imported.

==Content==
The materials covered by the treaty include printed books, newspapers, [[periodical]]s, government publications, printed music, works of art, [[antique]]s over 100 years old, scientific instruments used in education or research, and educational films. The Agreement does not apply to materials that contain excessive amounts of advertising material.<ref>Excessive advertising is defined as more than 70 per cent of physical space in newspapers and periodicals and more than 25 per cent of space for other works.</ref>

==Creation and state parties==
The Agreement was approved by resolution on 17 June 1950 at a UNESCO General Conference in [[Florence]], Italy. It was opened for signature on 22 November 1950 at [[Lake Success, New York]] and entered into force on 21 May 1952. As of 2014, it has been signed by 29 states and ratified by 102 states, which includes 101 [[United Nations member states]] plus the [[Holy See]]. The states that have signed but not ratified the Agreement are [[Colombia]], [[Dominican Republic]], [[Ecuador]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Honduras]], and [[Peru]]. There is no time limit on either signing or ratifying the Agreement.

==Protocol==
On 26 November 1976, the '''Protocol to the Agreement on the Importation of Educational, Scientific or Cultural Materials''' was concluded in [[Nairobi]], Kenya. The Protocol, which is also known as the '''Nairobi Protocol''', expands the types of materials covered by the Agreement. The Protocol entered into force on 2 January 1982 and as of 2013 has been signed by 13 states and ratified by 46 states. [[New Zealand]] and [[Oman]] have signed but not ratified the Protocol.

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=12074&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Agreement text and information], unesco.org
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130109090206/http://treaties.un.org:80/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XIV-2&chapter=14&lang=en Agreement signatures and ratifications], un.org
*[http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=15224&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html#ENTRY Protocol text and information], unesco.org
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150907012137/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XIV-5&chapter=14&lang=en Protocol signatures and ratifications], un.org

{{DEFAULTSORT:Importation of Educational, Scientific and Cultural Materials, Agreement on the}}
[[Category:1950 in Italy]]
[[Category:1950 in New York]]
[[Category:UNESCO treaties]]
[[Category:Treaties concluded in 1950]]
[[Category:Treaties entered into force in 1952]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Armenia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Australia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Austria]]
[[Category:Treaties of Barbados]]
[[Category:Treaties of Belgium]]
[[Category:Treaties of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Treaties of Bulgaria]]
[[Category:Treaties of Burkina Faso]]
[[Category:Treaties of the French Protectorate of Cambodia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cameroon]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ivory Coast]]
[[Category:Treaties of Croatia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cuba]]
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[[Category:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)]]
[[Category:Treaties of Denmark]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Egypt]]
[[Category:Treaties of El Salvador]]
[[Category:Treaties of Estonia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Fiji]]
[[Category:Treaties of Finland]]
[[Category:Treaties of the French Fourth Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Gabon]]
[[Category:Treaties of West Germany]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ghana]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece]]
[[Category:Treaties of Guatemala]]
[[Category:Treaties of Haiti]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Holy See]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Pahlavi dynasty]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ba'athist Iraq]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ireland]]
[[Category:Treaties of Israel]]
[[Category:Treaties of Italy]]
[[Category:Treaties of Japan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Jordan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Kenya]]
[[Category:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Laos]]
[[Category:Treaties of Latvia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Liberia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Libyan Arab Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Lithuania]]
[[Category:Treaties of Luxembourg]]
[[Category:Treaties of Madagascar]]
[[Category:Treaties of Malawi]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Federation of Malaya]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mali]]
[[Category:Treaties of Malta]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mauritius]]
[[Category:Treaties of Monaco]]
[[Category:Treaties of Montenegro]]
[[Category:Treaties of Morocco]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Treaties of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Treaties of Nicaragua]]
[[Category:Treaties of Niger]]
[[Category:Treaties of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Treaties of Norway]]
[[Category:Treaties of Oman]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Dominion of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Polish People's Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Portugal]]
[[Category:Treaties of Moldova]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Romania]]
[[Category:Treaties of Russia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Rwanda]]
[[Category:Treaties of San Marino]]
[[Category:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro]]
[[Category:Treaties of Sierra Leone]]
[[Category:Treaties of Singapore]]
[[Category:Treaties of Slovakia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Slovenia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Solomon Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties of Francoist Spain]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Dominion of Ceylon]]
[[Category:Treaties of Sweden]]
[[Category:Treaties of Switzerland]]
[[Category:Treaties of Syria]]
[[Category:Treaties of Thailand]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Republic of Macedonia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Togo]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tonga]]
[[Category:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tunisia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Uganda]]
[[Category:Treaties of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tanganyika]]
[[Category:Treaties of the United States]]
[[Category:Treaties of Uruguay]]
[[Category:Treaties of Venezuela]]
[[Category:Treaties of the State of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Treaties of Zambia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Zimbabwe]]
[[Category:Treaties of Yugoslavia]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to West Berlin]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Belgian Congo]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Ruanda-Urundi]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the French Protectorate of Tunisia]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Netherlands New Guinea]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Surinam (Dutch colony)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Aruba]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Tokelau]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Cook Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Niue]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the British Solomon Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Christmas Island]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Cocos (Keeling) Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Federation of Malaya]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Malta]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Mauritius]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Sarawak]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Seychelles]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Sierra Leone]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Singapore]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Somaliland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Tanganyika (territory)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Uganda Protectorate]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Sultanate of Zanzibar]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Cameroons]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the New Hebrides]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Togoland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the British Leeward Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the British Windward Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Barbados]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Guiana]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Honduras]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Brunei (protectorate)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Aden]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Gambia Colony and Protectorate]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Gibraltar]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Gold Coast (British colony)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Jamaica]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Kenya]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Cyprus]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of North Borneo]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Kingdom of Tonga (1900–70)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Dominica]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Guernsey]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Jersey]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Isle of Man]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of the Bahamas]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Liechtenstein]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Greenland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the British Western Pacific Territories]]

Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention

2017-03-12T07:15:39Z

Molecule Extraction: removed Category:Treaties extended to North Borneo; added Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of North Borneo using HotCat

{{Infobox treaty
| name = Freedom of Association Convention
| long_name = Convention concerning Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise
| image_width =
| caption =
| type =
| date_drafted =
| date_signed = July 9, 1948
| location_signed = [[San Francisco]]
| date_sealed =
| date_effective = July 4, 1950
| condition_effective = two ratifications
| date_expiration =
| signatories =
| parties = 154<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/ratifce.pl?C087|title=Convention No. C87, ratifications|work=[[International Labour Organization]]|date=May 28, 2011}}</ref><ref name="Rspstciloc">{{cite news|title=SOMALIA: PM signs three core International Labour Organization conventions|url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/03/somalia-pm-signs-three-core-international-labour-organization-conventions/|accessdate=March 22, 2014|newspaper=Raxanreeb|date=March 22, 2014}}</ref>
| ratifiers =
| depositor = Director-General of the International Labour Office
| language =
| languages = French, English
| wikisource =
}}

The '''Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention''' (1948) [http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO:12100:P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:312232:NO No 87] is an [[International Labour Organization]] Convention, and one of eight conventions that form the core of [[international labour law]], as interpreted by the [[Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilo.org/global/standards/introduction-to-international-labour-standards/conventions-and-recommendations/lang--en/index.htm|title=Conventions and ratifications|work=[[International Labour Organization]]|date=May 27, 2011}}</ref>

==Content==
The Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention comprises the preamble followed by four parts with a total of 21 articles. The preamble consists of the formal introduction of the instrument, at the Thirty-first Session of the General Conference of the International Labour Organization, on 17 June 1948. A statement of the “considerations” leading to the establishment of the document. These considerations include the preamble to the [[Constitution of the International Labour Organization]]; the affirmation of the [[Declaration of Philadelphia]] in regard to the issue; and the request by the General Assembly of the [[United Nations]], upon endorsing the previously received report of 1947, to "continue every effort in order that it may be possible to adopt one or several international Conventions." In closing, the preamble states the date of adoption: July 9, 1948.

Part 1 consists of ten articles which outline the rights of both worker and employers to "join organisations of their own choosing without previous authorisation." Rights are also extended to the organizations themselves to draw up rules and constitutions, vote for officers, and organize administrative functions without interference from public authorities. There is also an explicit expectation placed on these organizations. They are required, in the exercise of these rights, to respect the law of the land. In turn, the law of the land, "shall not be such as to impair, nor shall it be so applied as to impair, the guarantees provided for in this Convention." Finally, article 9 states that these provisions are applied to both armed forces and police forces only as determined by national laws and regulations, and do not supersede previous national laws that reflect the same rights for such forces. Article 1 states all ILO members must give effect to the following provisions.

{{quote|PART I. FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION

[...]

;Article 2

Workers and employers, without distinction whatsoever, shall have the right to establish and, subject only to the rules of the organisation concerned, to join organisations of their own choosing without previous authorisation.

;Article 3

1. Workers' and employers' organisations shall have the right to draw up their constitutions and rules, to elect their representatives in full freedom, to organise their administration and activities and to formulate their programmes.

2. The public authorities shall refrain from any interference which would restrict this right or impede the lawful exercise thereof.

;Article 4

Workers' and employers' organisations shall not be liable to be dissolved or suspended by administrative authority.

;Article 5

Workers' and employers' organisations shall have the right to establish and join federations and confederations and any such organisation, federation or confederation shall have the right to affiliate with international organisations of workers and employers.

;Article 6

The provisions of Articles 2, 3 and 4 hereof apply to federations and confederations of workers' and employers' organisations.

;Article 7

The acquisition of legal personality by workers' and employers' organisations, federations and confederations shall not be made subject to conditions of such a character as to restrict the application of the provisions of Articles 2, 3 and 4 hereof.

;Article 8

1. In exercising the rights provided for in this Convention workers and employers and their respective organisations, like other persons or organised collectivities, shall respect the law of the land.

2. The law of the land shall not be such as to impair, nor shall it be so applied as to impair, the guarantees provided for in this Convention.

;Article 9

1. The extent to which the guarantees provided for in this Convention shall apply to the armed forces and the police shall be determined by national laws or regulations.

2. In accordance with the principle set forth in paragraph 8 of Article 19 of the Constitution of the International Labour Organisation [sic] the ratification of this Convention by any Member shall not be deemed to affect any existing law, award, custom or agreement in virtue of which members of the armed forces or the police enjoy any right guaranteed by this Convention.

;Article 10

In this Convention the term ''organisation'' means any organisation of workers or of employers for furthering and defending the interests of workers or of employers.<ref name="ilo.org">Resource: International Labour Organization, ILO. http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/convdisp1.htm{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>}}

Part 2 states that every ILO member undertakes to ensure "all necessary and appropriate measures to ensure that workers and employers may exercise freely the right to organise." This sentence is expanded upon in the [[Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949]].

Part 3, which contains articles 12 and 13, deals with technical matters related to the Convention. It outlines the definitions of who may accept (with or without modification), or reject the obligations of this Convention with regards to “non-metropolitan territory[ies]”, whose self-governing powers extend into this area. It also discusses reporting procedures for modification of previous declarations in regard to acceptance of these obligations. Part 4 outlines the procedures for formal [[ratification]] of the Convention. The Convention was declared to come into force twelve months from the date when the Director-General had been notified of ratification by two member countries. This date became July 4, 1950, one year after [[Norway]] (preceded by [[Sweden]]) ratified the Convention. Part 4 also outlines provisions for denunciation of the Convention, including a ten-year cycle of obligation. Final discussion highlights procedures which would take place in the event that the Convention is eventually superseded by a new Convention, in whole, or in part.<ref name="ilo.org"/>

==Ratifications==
As of December 2016, 154 out of 187 ILO member states have ratified the convention:<ref name="Rspstciloc"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Ratifications of Convention 87|url=http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/ratifce.pl?C087|publisher=International Labour Organisation|accessdate=2013}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Country
! Date
|-
|{{flag|Albania}}
|June 3, 1957
|-
|{{flag|Algeria}}
|November 19, 1962
|-
|{{flag|Angola}}
|June 13, 2001
|-
|{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}
|February 2, 1983
|-
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|January 18, 1960
|-
|{{flag|Armenia}}
|January 2, 2006
|-
|{{flag|Australia}}
|February 28, 1973
|-
|{{flag|Austria}}
|November 18, 1950
|-
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|May 19, 1992
|-
|{{flag|Bahamas}}
|June 14, 2001
|-
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|June 22, 1972
|-
|{{flag|Barbados}}
|May 8, 1967
|-
|{{flag|Belarus}} (as the [[Byelorussian SSR]])
|November 6, 1956
|-
|{{flag|Belgium}}
|November 23, 1951
|-
|{{flag|Belize}}
|December 15, 1983
|-
|{{flag|Benin}}
|December 12, 1960
|-
|{{flag|Bolivia}}
|January 4, 1965
|-
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|June 2, 1993
|-
|{{flag|Botswana}}
|December 22, 1997
|-
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}
|June 8, 1959
|-
|{{flag|Burkina Faso}}
|November 21, 1960
|-
|{{flag|Burundi}}
|June 25, 1993
|-
|{{flag|Cambodia}}
|August 23, 1999
|-
|{{flag|Cameroon}}
|June 7, 1960
|-
|{{flag|Canada}}
|March 23, 1972
|-
|{{flag|Cape Verde}}
|February 1, 1999
|-
|{{flag|Central African Republic}}
|October 27, 1960
|-
|{{flag|Chad}}
|November 10, 1960
|-
|{{flag|Chile}}
|February 2, 1999
|-
|{{flag|Colombia}}
|November 16, 1976
|-
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|October 23, 1978
|-
|{{flag|Congo}}
|November 10, 1960
|-
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|June 20, 2001
|-
|{{flag|Costa Rica}}
|June 2, 1960
|-
|{{flag|Côte d'Ivoire}}
|November 21, 1960
|-
|{{flag|Croatia}}
|October 8, 1991
|-
|{{flag|Cuba}}
|June 25, 1952
|-
|{{flag|Cyprus}}
|May 24, 1966
|-
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}
|January 1, 1993
|-
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|June 13, 1951
|-
|{{flag|Djibouti}}
|August 3, 1978
|-
|{{flag|Dominica}}
|February 28, 1983
|-
|{{flag|Dominican Republic}}
|December 5, 1956
|-
|{{flag|East Timor}}
|June 16, 2009
|-
|{{flag|Ecuador}}
|May 29, 1967
|-
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|November 6, 1957
|-
|{{flag|El Salvador}}
|September 6, 2006
|-
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|August 13, 2001
|-
|{{flag|Eritrea}}
|February 22, 2000
|-
|{{flag|Estonia}}
|March 22, 1994
|-
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|June 4, 1963
|-
|{{flag|Fiji}}
|April 17, 2002
|-
|{{flag|Finland}}
|January 20, 1950
|-
|{{flag|France}}
|June 28, 1951
|-
|{{flag|Gabon}}
|November 14, 1960
|-
|{{flag|Gambia}}
|September 4, 2000
|-
|{{flag|Georgia}}
|August 3, 1999
|-
|{{flag|Germany}}
|March 20, 1957
|-
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|June 2, 1965
|-
|{{flag|Greece}}
|March 30, 1962
|-
|{{flag|Grenada}}
|October 25, 1994
|-
|{{flag|Guatemala}}
|February 13, 1952
|-
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|January 21, 1959
|-
|{{flag|Guyana}}
|September 25, 1967
|-
|{{flag|Haiti}}
|June 5, 1979
|-
|{{flag|Honduras}}
|June 27, 1956
|-
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|June 6, 1957
|-
|{{flag|Iceland}}
|August 19, 1950
|-
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
|June 9, 1998
|-
|{{flag|Ireland}}
|June 4, 1955
|-
|{{flag|Israel}}
|January 28, 1957
|-
|{{flag|Italy}}
|May 13, 1958
|-
|{{flag|Jamaica}}
|December 26, 1962
|-
|{{flag|Japan}}
|June 14, 1965
|-
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|December 13, 2000
|-
|{{flag|Kiribati}}
|February 3, 2000
|-
|{{flag|Kuwait}}
|September 21, 1961
|-
|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|March 31, 1992
|-
|{{flag|Latvia}}
|January 27, 1992
|-
|{{flag|Lesotho}}
|October 31, 1966
|-
|{{flag|Liberia}}
|May 25, 1962
|-
|{{flag|Libya}}
|October 4, 2000
|-
|{{flag|Lithuania}}
|September 26, 1994
|-
|{{flag|Luxembourg}}
|March 3, 1958
|-
|{{flag|Republic of Macedonia}}
|November 17, 1991
|-
|{{flag|Madagascar}}
|November 1, 1960
|-
|{{flag|Malawi}}
|November 19, 1990
|-
|{{flag|Maldives}}
|January 4, 2013
|-
|{{flag|Mali}}
|September 22, 1960
|-
|{{flag|Malta}}
|January 4, 1965
|-
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|June 20, 1961
|-
|{{flag|Mauritius}}
|April 1, 2005
|-
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|April 1, 1950
|-
|{{flag|Moldova}}
|August 12, 1996
|-
|{{flag|Mongolia}}
|June 3, 1969
|-
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|December 23, 1996
|-
|{{flag|Myanmar}}
|March 4, 1955
|-
|{{flag|Namibia}}
|January 3, 1995
|-
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|March 7, 1950
|-
|{{flag|Nicaragua}}
|October 31, 1967
|-
|{{flag|Niger}}
|February 27, 1961
|-
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|October 17, 1960
|-
|{{flag|Norway}}
|July 4, 1949
|-
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|February 14, 1951
|-
|{{flag|Panama}}
|June 3, 1958
|-
|{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}
|June 2, 2000
|-
|{{flag|Paraguay}}
|June 28, 1962
|-
|{{flag|Peru}}
|March 2, 1960
|-
|{{flag|Philippines}}
|December 29, 1953
|-
|{{flag|Poland}}
|February 25, 1957
|-
|{{flag|Portugal}}
|October 14, 1977
|-
|{{flag|Romania}}
|May 28, 1957
|-
|{{flag|Russia}} (as the [[Soviet Union]])
|August 10, 1956
|-
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|November 8, 1988
|-
|{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
|August 25, 2000
|-
|{{flag|Saint Lucia}}
|May 14, 1980
|-
|{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
|November 9, 2001
|-
|{{flag|Samoa}}
|June 30, 2008
|-
|{{flag|San Marino}}
|December 19, 1986
|-
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|June 17, 1992
|-
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|November 4, 1960
|-
|{{flag|Serbia}} (as [[Serbia and Montenegro]])
|November 24, 2000
|-
|{{flag|Seychelles}}
|February 6, 1978
|-
|{{flag|Sierra Leone}}
|June 15, 1961
|-
|{{flag|Slovakia}}
|January 1, 1993
|-
|{{flag|Slovenia}}
|May 29, 1992
|-
|{{flag|Solomon Islands}}
|April 13, 2012
|-
|{{flag|Somalia}}
|March 22, 2014
|-
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|February 19, 1996
|-
|{{flag|Spain}}
|April 20, 1977
|-
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}
|September 15, 1995
|-
|{{flag|Suriname}}
|June 15, 1976
|-
|{{flag|Swaziland}}
|April 26, 1978
|-
|{{flag|Sweden}}
|November 25, 1949
|-
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
|March 25, 1975
|-
|{{flag|Syria}}
|July 26, 1960
|-
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}
|November 26, 1993
|-
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|April 18, 2000
|-
|{{flag|Timor Leste}}
|June 15, 2009
|-
|{{flag|Togo}}
|June 7, 1960
|-
|{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}
|May 24, 1963
|-
|{{flag|Tunisia}}
|June 18, 1957
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|July 12, 1993
|-
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}
|May 15, 1997
|-
|{{flag|Uganda}}
|June 2, 2005
|-
|{{flag|Ukraine}} (as the [[Ukrainian SSR]])
|September 14, 1956
|-
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|June 27, 1949
|-
|{{flag|Uruguay}}
|March 18, 1954
|-
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}
|December 12, 2016
|-
|{{flag|Vanuatu}}
|August 28, 2006
|-
|{{flag|Venezuela}}
|September 20, 1982
|-
|{{flag|Yemen}}
|August 29, 1976
|-
|{{flag|Zambia}}
|September 2, 1996
|-
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|April 9, 2003
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Organized labour}}
*[[International labour law]]
*[[Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work]]
*[[UK labour law]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11300:0::NO:11300:P11300_INSTRUMENT_ID:312232 ratifications]
* [http://www.worldinbalance.net/intagreements/1948-ilo-freedomofassociation.php Text of the Convention] at the Center for a World in Balance

[[Category:Freedom of association]]
[[Category:International Labour Organization conventions]]
[[Category:Treaties concluded in 1948]]
[[Category:Treaties entered into force in 1950]]
[[Category:Treaties of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania]]
[[Category:Treaties of Algeria]]
[[Category:Treaties of Angola]]
[[Category:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda]]
[[Category:Treaties of Argentina]]
[[Category:Treaties of Armenia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Australia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Austria]]
[[Category:Treaties of Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Bahamas]]
[[Category:Treaties of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Treaties of Barbados]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Belgium]]
[[Category:Treaties of Belize]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Republic of Dahomey]]
[[Category:Treaties of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Treaties of Botswana]]
[[Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria]]
[[Category:Treaties of Burkina Faso]]
[[Category:Treaties of Myanmar]]
[[Category:Treaties of Burundi]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cambodia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cameroon]]
[[Category:Treaties of Canada]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cape Verde]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Central African Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Chad]]
[[Category:Treaties of Chile]]
[[Category:Treaties of Colombia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Comoros]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Treaties of Costa Rica]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ivory Coast]]
[[Category:Treaties of Croatia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cuba]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cyprus]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Czechoslovakia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Denmark]]
[[Category:Treaties of Djibouti]]
[[Category:Treaties of Dominica]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Dominican Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of East Timor]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ecuador]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Republic of Egypt (1953–58)]]
[[Category:Treaties of El Salvador]]
[[Category:Treaties of Equatorial Guinea]]
[[Category:Treaties of Eritrea]]
[[Category:Treaties of Estonia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Ethiopian Empire]]
[[Category:Treaties of Fiji]]
[[Category:Treaties of Finland]]
[[Category:Treaties of the French Fourth Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Gabon]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Gambia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Treaties of West Germany]]
[[Category:Treaties of East Germany]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ghana]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece]]
[[Category:Treaties of Grenada]]
[[Category:Treaties of Guatemala]]
[[Category:Treaties of Guinea-Bissau]]
[[Category:Treaties of Haiti]]
[[Category:Treaties of Honduras]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Iceland]]
[[Category:Treaties of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ireland]]
[[Category:Treaties of Israel]]
[[Category:Treaties of Italy]]
[[Category:Treaties of Jamaica]]
[[Category:Treaties of Japan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Kiribati]]
[[Category:Treaties of Kuwait]]
[[Category:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Latvia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Lesotho]]
[[Category:Treaties of Liberia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya]]
[[Category:Treaties of Lithuania]]
[[Category:Treaties of Luxembourg]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Republic of Macedonia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Madagascar]]
[[Category:Treaties of Malawi]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mali]]
[[Category:Treaties of Malta]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mauritania]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mauritius]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mexico]]
[[Category:Treaties of Moldova]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Mongolian People's Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Montenegro]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mozambique]]
[[Category:Treaties of Namibia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Treaties of Nicaragua]]
[[Category:Treaties of Niger]]
[[Category:Treaties of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Treaties of Norway]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Dominion of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Panama]]
[[Category:Treaties of Papua New Guinea]]
[[Category:Treaties of Paraguay]]
[[Category:Treaties of Peru]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Polish People's Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Portugal]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Romania]]
[[Category:Treaties of Rwanda]]
[[Category:Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis]]
[[Category:Treaties of Saint Lucia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]
[[Category:Treaties of Samoa]]
[[Category:Treaties of San Marino]]
[[Category:Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe]]
[[Category:Treaties of Senegal]]
[[Category:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro]]
[[Category:Treaties of Seychelles]]
[[Category:Treaties of Sierra Leone]]
[[Category:Treaties of Slovakia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Slovenia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Solomon Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties of Somalia]]
[[Category:Treaties of South Africa]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Treaties of Spain]]
[[Category:Treaties of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Treaties of Suriname]]
[[Category:Treaties of Swaziland]]
[[Category:Treaties of Sweden]]
[[Category:Treaties of Switzerland]]
[[Category:Treaties of the United Arab Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tajikistan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tanzania]]
[[Category:Treaties of Togo]]
[[Category:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tunisia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Turkey]]
[[Category:Treaties of Turkmenistan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Uganda]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Treaties of Uruguay]]
[[Category:Treaties of Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Vanuatu]]
[[Category:Treaties of Venezuela]]
[[Category:Treaties of Yemen]]
[[Category:Treaties of Yugoslavia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Zambia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Zimbabwe]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Norfolk Island]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Curaçao and Dependencies]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Greenland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the French Southern and Antarctic Lands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to French Somaliland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to French Guiana]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to French Polynesia]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Guadeloupe]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Martinique]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Réunion]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Saint Pierre and Miquelon]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to New Caledonia]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Aden]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the West Indies Federation]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of the Bahamas]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Honduras]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Bermuda]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Bechuanaland Protectorate]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of North Borneo]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Fiji]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Gambia Colony and Protectorate]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Gibraltar]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Guernsey]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Guiana]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Jersey]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Basutoland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Sarawak]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Seychelles]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Sierra Leone]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Swaziland (protectorate)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Uganda Protectorate]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Sultanate of Zanzibar]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Aden Protectorate]]
[[Category:1948 in labour relations]]

Customs Convention on Containers

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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
The '''Customs Convention on Containers''' is a United Nations and [[International Maritime Organization]] [[Multilateral treaty|treaty]] whereby states agree to allow [[intermodal container]]s to be temporarily brought into their states [[Customs duty|duty-]] and tax-free.

The original Convention was concluded in [[Geneva]] on 18 May 1956 and entered into force on 4 August 1959. On 2 December 1972, a new Convention was concluded with the provision that when it entered into force, it would replace the 1956 Convention for the parties that ratify it. The 1972 Convention entered into force on 6 December 1975. The 1956 Convention was ratified by 44 states; as of 2016, the 1972 Convention has been ratified by 40 states. The [[International Container Bureau]] was instrumental in the creation of the revised 1972 Convention.

The Convention allows for shipping containers to be brought from a ratifying state into a ratifying state duty- and tax-free for a period of three months.

The Convention was concluded at the same conference that concluded the [[Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation of Commercial Road Vehicles]], the [[Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation for Private Use of Aircraft and Pleasure Boats]], and the [[CMR Convention]].

==External links==
*[http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/conventn/ccc_1972e.pdf Text of 1972 Convention]
*[https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-A-9&chapter=11&clang=_en Ratification status of 1956 Convention]
*[https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-A-15&chapter=11&clang=_en Ratification status of 1972 Convention]
*[http://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/facilitation/instrument-and-tools/conventions/~/media/WCO/Public/Global/PDF/Topics/Facilitation/Instruments%20and%20Tools/Conventions/Convention%20Containers%201972/Handbook_Convention_Containers_1972.ashx Customs Convention on Containers Handbook], [[World Customs Organization]]

[[Category:International Maritime Organization treaties]]
[[Category:United Nations treaties]]
[[Category:Customs treaties]]
[[Category:Transport treaties]]
[[Category:Intermodal transport]]
[[Category:1956 in Switzerland]]
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[[Category:1972 in transport]]
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[[Category:Treaties entered into force in 1975]]
[[Category:Treaties of Algeria]]
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[[Category:Treaties of Australia]]
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[[Category:Treaties of Ireland]]
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[[Category:Treaties of Italy]]
[[Category:Treaties of Jamaica]]
[[Category:Treaties of Japan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Luxembourg]]
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[[Category:Treaties of Moldova]]
[[Category:Treaties of Montenegro]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Treaties of Norway]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Polish People's Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Estado Novo (Portugal)]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Romania]]
[[Category:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro]]
[[Category:Treaties of Sierra Leone]]
[[Category:Treaties of Slovakia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Slovenia]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Solomon Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties of Francoist Spain]]
[[Category:Treaties of Sweden]]
[[Category:Treaties of Switzerland]]
[[Category:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Category:Treaties of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Treaties of the United States]]
[[Category:Treaties of Yugoslavia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Armenia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Burundi]]
[[Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Treaties of Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Treaties of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Lebanon]]
[[Category:Treaties of Liberia]]
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[[Category:Treaties of Morocco]]
[[Category:Treaties of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Treaties of South Korea]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Treaties of Saudi Arabia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Tunisia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Turkey]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Liechtenstein]]
[[Category:Treaties of East Germany]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Puerto Rico]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Territory of Papua and New Guinea]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Norfolk Island]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Christmas Island]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Cocos (Keeling) Islands]]
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[[Category:Treaties extended to Aruba]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Netherlands New Guinea]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Isle of Man]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Guernsey]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Jersey]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the West Indies Federation]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Bermuda]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the British Solomon Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Brunei (protectorate)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Cyprus]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Gambia Colony and Protectorate]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Gibraltar]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Mauritius]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of North Borneo]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Sarawak]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Sierra Leone]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Singapore]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Sultanate of Zanzibar]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to West Berlin]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Liechtenstein]]

International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency

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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2013}}
The '''International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency''' ({{lang-fr|Convention internationale pour la répression du faux monnayage}}) is a 1929 [[League of Nations]] [[Multilateral treaty|treaty]] whereby states agree to criminalise acts of [[Counterfeit money|currency counterfeiting]]. It remains the principal international agreement on currency counterfeiting.

States that ratify the Convention agree to criminalise the creation, use, and exportation or importation of counterfeit currency. Under the agreement, no distinction is to be made as to what currency is the subject of the crime. Under the treaty, currency counterfeiting is an [[extradition|extraditable]] offence. States also agree to establish a central office that will forward to all other state parties cancelled specimens of their state's currency and notify the other states when changes to their currency are implemented.

The Convention was concluded in [[Geneva]] on 20 April 1929 and entered into force on 22 February 1931. As of March 2016, it has 83 state parties and remains the primary international agreement on currency counterfeiting. It was most recently ratified by [[Serbia]] in March 2016. [[China]], [[India]], [[Japan]], and the [[United States]] are among the states that have signed the treaty but have not ratified it.

==External links==
*[http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/LNTSer/1931/45.html Text], League of Nations Treaty Series, vol. 112
*[https://treaties.un.org/pages/LONViewDetails.aspx?src=LON&id=551&chapter=30&lang=en Ratifications], un.org

{{DEFAULTSORT:Counterfeiting Currency, International Convention for the Suppression of}}
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[[Category:Treaties of Ecuador]]
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