Zharmakhan Tuyakbay

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[[File:Zharmakhan Tuyakbay.jpg|thumb|Zharmakhan Tuyakbay]]
'''Zharmakhan Aytbayuli Tuyakbay''' ({{lang-kz|Жармахан Айтбайұлы Тұяқбай}} ''Jarmaxan Aytbayulı Tuyaqbay''; {{lang-ru|Жармахан Айтбаевич Туякбай}} ''Žarmaxan Ajtbaevič Tujakbaj''; born on 22 November 1947 in [[South Kazakhstan Province]] of the [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic]] of the [[Soviet Union]]) is a Kazakh politician. At present, he is [[Chairman]] of the [[Nationwide Social Democratic Party]] and [[For a Just Kazakhstan]] political movement. Some analysts considered Tuyakbay the most significant challenger to [[Kazakh President]] [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] in the 2005 [[presidential]] [[elections]].

==Life and career==
In 1971 Chairman Tuyakbay graduated from the Law Department of the [[Kazakh State University]]. The Investigatory Department of the Shymkent Oblast Prosecutor Office recruited him. In 1981, Tuyakbay was appointed Deputy General Prosecutor of [[Kazakhstan]]. In December, 1986 the Government of [[The Soviet Union]] severely crushed protests in [[Almaty]] in response to the appointing of the new First Secretary of the Kazakh Communist Party, whose nationality was [[Russians|Russian]]. This [[riot]], which subsequently was named [[Jeltoqsan]] lead to numerous resignations and shifts among top Kazakh officials. Tuyakbay was removed from his office and appointed Prosecutor of [[Mangghystau Province]], and later [[Atyrau Province]].

In 1990, one year before the collapse of [[The Soviet Union]] and proclamation of [[declaration of independence]] of [[Kazakhstan]], Tuyakbay was appointed [[General Prosecutor]] of [[Kazakhstan]]. In 1995, he was appointed [[Chairman]] of the State Investigatory Committee, and held the office until 1997. Upon his resignation, Tuyakbay became Chief Military Prosecutor of Kazakhstan.

==Political career==
In 1999, Tuyakbay ran for seat at [[Majilis]] (Lower House) of [[Parliament of Kazakhstan]], and won the election at Sary-Agash region of South-Kazakhstan oblast. On December 1, 1999 Zharmakhan Tuyakbay was elected [[Chairman]] of [[Majlis]] of the Republic of Kazakhstan for five-year term. Several months before next [[parliamentary elections]], which were due September 19, 2004, he became [[Vice-chairman]] of pro-government [[Otan party]] (Motherland), and was the first on the election party list.

However, on October 14, 2004 Tuyakbay publicly condemned violations during the elections and renounced his mandate of member of Majilis. A month later, he became [[Chairman]] of the Coordinating Council of Democratic Forces of Kazakhstan, which included [[Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan]] party (DCK), [[Naghyz Ak Zhol]] party and the [[Communist Party]] of [[Kazakhstan]], and lead a working group for elaboration of draft of the new [[Constitution]] of Kazakhstan.

On March 20, 2005, Political Movement [[For a Just Kazakhstan]] was formed, and Tuyakbay became [[Chairman]] of the organization. On September 10, 2005 Zharmakhan Tuyakbay was announced a single candidate from the democratic forces of Kazakhstan to become a main challenger of the current president [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]]. On October 5, 2005, he was registered as [[presidential candidate]] by the Central Elections Committee of Kazakhstan.

On December 4, 2005 [[presidential elections]] Zharmakhan Tuyakbay with slightly more than 6% was the second after [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]], who won more than 90% of the vote. The [[Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe]] (OSCE) concluded the election did not meet international standards despite some improvements in the administration of the election.

On 19 July 2006 Tuyakbay announced about establishing the [[Nationwide Social Democratic Party]]. The party was registered by the governmental authorities in January 2007. It aims to become a member of the [[Socialist International]] organization.

In the 18 August 2007 [[Majilis]] of [[Parliament of Kazakhstan]] elections, the party won 4.62% of the [[Direct election|popular vote]] and no seats. All seats were won by the ruling [[Nur-Otan]] party.

==Personal life==
Zharmakhan Tuyakbay is married, has three children and eight grandchildren.

==External links==
*[http://www.jamestown.org/edm/article.php?article_id=2370552 Nazarbayev cruises to landslide victory in presidential election]
*[http://www.iwpr.net/?p=rca&s=f&o=258586&apc_state=henprca Kazakh opposition claims mass violations]
*[http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav101706.shtml Kazakhstan experiences political shift]
*[http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/11/67462371-9223-40AD-A383-410630657BD8.html Kazakh opposition says Abilov charges fabricated]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tuyakbay, Jarmakhan}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Kazygurt District]]
[[Category:Nationwide Social Democratic Party politicians]]
[[Category:For a Just Kazakhstan politicians]]
[[Category:Chairmen of the Mazhilis]]
[[Category:Members of the Mazhilis]]
[[Category:Al-Farabi University alumni]]

Kazakhstan Encyclopedia - User contributions [en]

Zharmakhan Tuyakbay