Kazakhstan Encyclopedia - User contributions [en]

Kazakhstani tenge

2017-04-05T10:25:45Z

Laurentiu Popa: /* Second series (1995) */

{{refimprove|date=November 2011}}
{{Infobox currency
|currency_name_in_local = {{native name|kk|Қазақ теңгесі|italics=no}}<br/>{{native name|ru|Казахстанский тенге|italics=no}}
|image_1 = 200 tenge (2006).jpg
|image_title_1 = 200 tenge
|image_width_1 = 105
|image_2 = Kazah tenge.jpg
|image_title_2 = 5, 10, 20, 50 and 2,000 tenge (old design)
|iso_code = KZT
|using_countries = {{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [[Kazakhstan]]
|inflation_rate = 5.950% p.a. (as of Feb. 01, 2012)
|inflation_source_date = ''[http://www.nationalbank.kz/?uid=BA8B5BB4-802C-E8F0-E961F749DC8249EA&docid=127 Basic Macroeconomic Indicators on the homepage]''
|subunit_ratio_1 = 1/100
|subunit_name_1 = tïın (тиын)
|symbol = ₸
|no_plural = Y
|rarely_used_coins =
|frequently_used_coins = 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 tenge
|used_banknotes = 200, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 5,000, 10,000, 20,000 tenge
|issuing_authority = The [[National Bank of Kazakhstan]]
|issuing_authority_website = {{URL|www.nationalbank.kz}}
}}

The '''tenge''' ({{lang-kz|теңге, ''teñge''}}) is the currency of [[Kazakhstan]]. It is divided into 100 ''tïın'' (тиын, also transliterated as ''tiyin'' or ''tijin''). The ISO-4217 code is ''KZT''.

==History==
After the collapse of the [[Soviet Union]], attempts were made by most republics to maintain a common currency. Some politicians were hoping to at least maintain "special relations" among former Soviet republics, or the "[[near abroad]]". Other reasons were the economic considerations for maintaining the ruble zone. The wish to preserve strong trade relations between former Soviet republics was considered the most important goal.<ref name=Odling>{{cite web|author=Odling-Smee, J. ao|title=The IMF and the ruble area, 1991-93|date=2001|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2001/wp01101.pdf|accessdate=16 December 2014}}</ref>

The break-up of the Soviet Union was not accompanied by any formal changes in monetary arrangements. The Central Bank of Russia was authorized to take over the State Bank of the USSR ([[Gosbank]]) on 1 January 1992. It continued to ship USSR ruble notes and coins to the central banks of the fourteen newly independent countries, which had formerly been the main branches of Gosbank in the republics.

The political situation, however, was not favorable for maintaining a common currency.<ref name=Odling/> Maintaining a common currency requires a strong political consensus in respect to monetary and fiscal targets, a common institution in charge of implementing these targets, and some minimum of common legislation (concerning the banking and foreign exchange regulations). These conditions were far from being met amidst the turbulent economic and political situation.

During the first half of 1992, a [[monetary union]] with 15 independent states all using the ruble existed. Since it was clear that the situation would not last, each of them was using its position as "free-riders" to issue huge amounts of money in the form of credit.<ref name=Dab>{{cite web|author=Dąbrowski, M|title=The reasons for the collapse of the Ruble zone|date=1995|url=http://www.case-research.eu/sites/default/files/publications/3460035_058e_0.pdf|accessdate=16 December 2014}}</ref> As a result, some countries were issuing coupons in order to "protect" their markets from buyers from other states. The [[Central Bank of Russia|Russian central bank]] responded in July 1992 by setting up restrictions to the flow of credit between Russia and other states. The final collapse of the ruble zone began when Russia pulled out with the exchange of banknotes by the Central bank of Russia on Russian territory at the end of July 1993.

As a result, Kazakhstan and other countries still in the ruble zone were "pushed out".<ref name=Dab/> On November 12, 1993, a [[decree]] of the [[President of Kazakhstan]], "About introducing national currency of Republic of Kazakhstan", was issued. The tenge was introduced on 15 November 1993 to replace the [[Soviet ruble]] at a rate of 1 tenge = 500 rubles. In 1991 a "special group" of designers was created: Mendybay Alin, Timur Suleymenov, Asimsaly Duzelkhanov and Khayrulla Gabzhalilov. As such, November 15 is celebrated as the "Day of National Currency of Republic of Kazakhstan". In 1995, a tenge printing factory was opened in Kazakhstan. The first consignment of tenge was printed abroad, in the UK. The first coins were minted in [[Germany]].

===Etymology===
The word ''tenge'' in the [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] and most other [[Turkic languages]] means a set of [[weighing scale|scales]] (''cf'' the old [[Uzbekistan|Uzbek]] ''tenga'' or the [[Tajik language|Tajik]] borrowed term ''tanga''). The origin of the word is the Turkic ''teŋ-'' which means being equal, balance. The name of this currency is thus similar to the [[lira]], [[pound (currency)|pound]] and [[peso]]. The name of the currency is related to the Russian word for money {{lang-ru|деньги / ''den'gi''}}, which was borrowed from Turkic.

===Symbol===
[[File:Kazakhstani tenge symbol.svg|80px|thumb|left|The new symbol for the Kazakhstani tenge.]]
In autumn 2006, the National Bank of Kazakhstan organized a competition for the symbol of the Kazakhstan Tenge and received over 30,000 applications.
On March 20, 2007, two days before the [[Nauryz]] holiday, the [[National Bank of Kazakhstan]] approved a graphical symbol for the Tenge: ₸.  
On March 29, 2007, the Bank announced two designers from Almaty, Vadim Davydenko and Sanzhar Amirkhanov, as winners for the creation of the symbol of the Kazakhstan Tenge. They shared a prize of 1 million tenge and the title of "parents" of the Kazakhstan Tenge symbol.<ref>http://www.izvestia.kz/node/9694</ref>
The character was proposed for encoding in [[Unicode]] in 2008, and was included in Unicode 5.2.0 (August 2009) at code point U+20B8.<ref>{{cite web|title=Unicode 5.2.0 (August 2009) |url=http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/version/5.2/index.htm |website=FileFormat.info|accessdate=21 September 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910085922/http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/version/5.2/index.htm |archivedate=2015-09-10|date=August 2009}}</ref>

== Coins ==
While older coins were struck in Germany, current coins are struck domestically, by the Kazakhstan Mint in [[Oskemen]].

===First series (1993)===
In 1993, the first series of coins were introduced in denominations of 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 tiyin featuring the national arms and were struck in bronze. 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 tenge were struck in cupro-nickel and depicted stylized and mythical animals. The coins of this period circulated alongside tiyin and low denomination tenge notes of equal value.

===Second series (1998)===
[[File:Tenge coins.jpg|thumb|300px|right|1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 tenge coins]]
In 1998, a new series of coins was introduced, which excluded the tiyin having 1 tenge being the smallest denomination. 100 tenge were later introduced in 2002 replacing the equivalent notes. An irregular 2 tenge coin was also introduced later in 2005. In 2013 the alloy of lower denomination coins was altered. Coins currently in circulation are:

{|class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="font-size: 90%"
!colspan="13"|Second series coins of the Kazakh tenge (1997–present)<ref>The national Bank of Kazakhstan. Currency. Available at:http://www.nationalbank.kz/?docid=29&cat_id=7</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2"| Image !!rowspan="2"| Value !!colspan="3"| Technical parameters !!colspan="3"| Description !!colspan="4"| Date of
|-
! Diameter !! Mass !! Composition !! Edge !! Obverse !! Reverse !! minting !! issue !! withdrawal !! lapse
|- {{Coin-yellow-color}}
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [http://www.nationalbank.kz/?docid=29&cat_id=7]
| 1 tenge
| 15 mm
| 1,63g
|rowspan="4"|Alloy of «nickel silver», yellow color<br>(since 2013 - carbon steel, galvanic coating yellow metal)
|rowspan="4"|Plain
|rowspan="4"|Value
|rowspan="4"|Year, [[Emblem of Kazakhstan]]
|rowspan="4"|1997~present
|rowspan="4"|11 November 1998
|rowspan="4" colspan="2"|Current

|- {{Coin-yellow-color}}
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [http://www.nationalbank.kz/?docid=29&cat_id=7]
| 2 tenge
| 16 mm
| 1,84 g

|- {{Coin-yellow-color}}
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [http://www.nationalbank.kz/?docid=29&cat_id=7]
| 5 tenge
| 17,27 mm
| 2,18 g

|- {{Coin-yellow-color}}
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [http://www.nationalbank.kz/?docid=29&cat_id=7]
| 10 tenge
| 19,56 mm
| 2,81 g

|- {{Coin-silver-color}}
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [http://www.nationalbank.kz/?docid=29&cat_id=7]
| 20 tenge
| 18,27 mm
| 2,9 g
|rowspan="2"|Alloy of «nickel silver», white color (since 2013 - carbon steel and galvanic nickel)
|rowspan="2"|Grooved
|rowspan="3"|Value
|rowspan="3"|Year, [[Emblem of Kazakhstan]]
|rowspan="2"|1997~present
|rowspan="2"|11 November 1998
|rowspan="3" colspan="2"|Current

|- {{Coin-silver-color}}
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [http://www.nationalbank.kz/?docid=29&cat_id=7]
| 50 tenge
| 23 mm
| 4,7 g

|- {{Coin-silver-color}}
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [http://www.nationalbank.kz/?docid=29&cat_id=7]
| 100 tenge
| 24,5 mm
| 6,65 g
| Inner disk: alloy of «nickel silver», white color<br>Outer disk: alloy of «nibrass», yellow color.
| Grooved with the note - «СТО ТЕНГЕ - ЖYЗ ТЕҢГЕ» (one hundred tenge)
| 2002~present
| 1 July 2002
|-
|colspan="16"|{{Standard coin table notice|standard_scale=Y|BrE=Y}}
|}

===Commemorative coins===
[[Commemorative coin]]s are issued in denominations of 20, 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 2,500, 5,000 and 10,000 tenge. Silver and gold [[bullion coin]]s exist in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 tenge. Many of the 20 and 50 tenge commemorative's are also struck in cupro-nickel and occasionally make it out into general circulation as a side coinage with face value.

[[File:TengeLogo.JPG|left|thumb|175px|New symbol of tenge (₸) used on info-board of a currency exchange office in [[Almaty]]]]

== Banknotes ==
[[File:KazakhstanP20-200Tenge-1999-donatedoy f.jpg|thumb|right|200px|200 tenge (old design)]]

===1993 series===

On 15 November 1993, the [[National Bank of Kazakhstan]] issued notes in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 tiyn, 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 50 tenge; 100 tenge notes followed shortly thereafter. These were followed in 1994 by 200, 500, and 1,000 tenge notes. 2,000 tenge notes were introduced in 1996, with 5,000 tenge in 1999 and 10,000 tenge on 28 July 2003.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Linzmayer | first1 = Owen | title = The Banknote Book | chapter = Kazakhstan | publisher = www.BanknoteNews.com | year = 2012 | location = San Francisco, CA | url = http://www.banknotebook.com}}</ref> Notes currently in circulation are:

*200 tenge portrait of [[Al-Farabi]]
*500 tenge portrait of Al-Farabi, fragment of [[Ahmed Yesevi|Khodzha Akhmet Yassaui]] [[mausoleum]]
*1,000 tenge portrait of Al-Farabii
*2,000 tenge portrait of Al-Farabi
*5,000 tenge portrait of Al-Farabi
*10,000 tenge portrait of Al-Farabi, image of [[snow leopard]].

The text on the reverse side of 200 tenge banknote is written in [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]], although text on the reverse sides of the other banknotes is written in [[Russian language|Russian]].

{{Clear}}
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"
!colspan=9| 1993 Series
|-
!colspan=2| Image !!rowspan=2| Value !!colspan=2| Main Colour !!colspan=2| Description !!colspan=2| Date
|-
! Obverse !! Reverse !! Obverse !! Reverse !! Obverse !! Reverse !! issue !! annul
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-0.01-Obverse.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-0.01-Reverse.jpg|100px]]
|1 tiyn
|
|
|rowspan=6| value in numeral and Kazakh, unique geometric design background
|rowspan=6| value in numeral and Kazakh, Kazakhstan coat of arms, unique geometric design background
|rowspan=13| 1993
|rowspan=6| 2001
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-0.02-Obverse.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-0.02-Reverse.jpg|100px]]
|2 tiyn
|
|
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-0.05-Obverse.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-0.05-Reverse.jpg|100px]]
|5 tiyn
|
|
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-0.10-Obverse.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-0.10-Reverse.jpg|100px]]
|10 tiyn
|
|
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-0.20-Obverse.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-0.20-Reverse.jpg|100px]]
|20 tiyn
|
|
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-0.50-Obverse.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-0.50-Reverse.jpg|100px]]
|50 tiyn
|
|
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-1-Obverse.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-1-Reverse.jpg|100px]]
|1 tenge
|dark blue
|pink
|Portrait of [[Al-Farabi]]
|Geometrical constructions and formulations of Al-Farabi
|rowspan=13| 2012-2018
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-3-Obverse.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-3-Reverse.jpg|100px]]
|3 tenge
|green, grey
|green
|Portrait of Suinbai Aronuly
|[[Alatau]] landscape
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-5-Obverse.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-5-Reverse.jpg|100px]]
|5 tenge
|brown
|yellow, red
|Portrait of [[Kurmangazy Sagyrbayuly|Kurmangazy]]
|Kurmangazy mausoleum
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-10-Obverse.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-10-Reverse.jpg|100px]]
|10 tenge
|dark blue
|pink
|Portrait of [[Shokan Walikhanuli|Chokan Ualihanov]]
|Ok Zhetpes mountain
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-20-Obverse.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-20-Reverse.jpg|100px]]
|20 tenge
|dark brown
|brown
|Portrait of [[Abay Qunanbayuli|Abay Kunanbaev]]
|Illustration of golden eagle with the man, drawn from works of Abay Kunanbaev
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-50-Obverse.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-50-Reverse.jpg|100px]]
|50 tenge
|light brown
|brown
|Portrait of [[Abul Khair Khan|Abulhair Khan]]
|Rock paintings of [[Mangystau Province|Mangistau]]
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-100-Obverse.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:Kazakhstan-1993-Bill-100-Reverse.jpg|100px]]
|100 tenge
|violet
|pink
|Portrait of [[Ablai Khan|Ablay Khan]]
|Hodja Ahmed Yassavi mausoleum
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:KazakhstanP20-200Tenge-1999-donatedoy f.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:KazakhstanP20-200Tenge-1999-donatedoy b.jpg|100px]]
|200 tenge
|brown, red
|yellow, blue
|Portrait of [[Al-Farabi]]
|Hodja Ahmed Yassavi mausoleum
|rowspan=3|1994
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:KazakhstanP21-500Tenge-1999-donatedoy f.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:KazakhstanP21-500Tenge-1999-donatedoy b.jpg|100px]]
|500 tenge
|dark blue, blue
|blue, violet
|Portrait of [[Al-Farabi]]
|Hodja Ahmed Yassavi mausoleum
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:KazakhstanPnew-1000Tenge-2000(2001)-donatedoy f.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:KazakhstanPnew-1000Tenge-2000(2001)-donatedoy b.jpg|100px]]
|1,000 tenge
|green, red
|green, blue, red
|Portrait of [[Al-Farabi]]
|Hodja Ahmed Yassavi mausoleum
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:KazakhstanPnew-2000Tenge-2000(2001)-donatedoy f.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:KazakhstanPnew-2000Tenge-2000(2001)-donatedoy b.jpg|100px]]
|2,000 tenge
|green, blue
|green, brown
|Portrait of [[Al-Farabi]]
|Hodja Ahmed Yassavi mausoleum
|1996
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:KazakhstanP24-5000Tenge-2001-donatedoy f.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:KazakhstanP24-5000Tenge-2001-donatedoy b.jpg|100px]]
|5,000 tenge
|brown, violet
|brown
|Portrait of [[Al-Farabi]]
|Hodja Ahmed Yassavi mausoleum
|1998
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:KazakhstanPnew-10000Tenge-2003-donatedoy f.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:KazakhstanPnew-10000Tenge-2003-donatedoy b.jpg|100px]]
|10,000 tenge
|blue
|blue, brown
|Portrait of [[Al-Farabi]]
|Snow leopard against a background of mountains
|2003
|}

=== 2006 series ===
[[File:Kz 2000 tenge error.jpg|thumb|Some 2,000 tenge notes spelled the word "банкі" (bank) incorrectly as "банқі".]]
The [[National Bank of Kazakhstan]] issued banknotes of new series in 2006. They have the same values as the previously existed ones.

The 2006 series is far more exotic than its predecessors. The obverse is vertical and the denomination is written in [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]. All denominations depict the [[Astana]] [[Bayterek|Bayterek monument]], the [[flag of Kazakhstan]], the [[Coat of arms of Kazakhstan|Coat of arms]], the handprint with a signature of [[president]] [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] and fragments of the [[Meniñ Qazaqstanım|national anthem]]. The main differences across each denomination are only the colours, the values, the underprint patterns.

On the contrast, the reverses are more differentiated. The value is written in [[Russian language|Russian]]. Each denomination shows a unique building and [[geography of Kazakhstan]] in the outline of Kazakhstan border.

The first printing of the 2,000 and 5,000 tenge notes issued in 2006 had misspellings of the word for "bank" (the correct spelling "банкі" ''banki'' was misspelled "бан'''қ'''і" ''ban'''q'''i''). The misspelling was a politically sensitive issue due to the cultural and political importance of the Kazakh language.<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15316714/ Kazakh central bank misspells ‘bank’ on money]</ref>

On October 3, 2016, the 2,000, 5,000 and 10,000 tenge banknotes of the 2006 series lost their legal tender status and are no longer valid. From October 4, 2016 to October 3, 2017, these notes can be exchanged without commission at any second tier bank and branches of the National Bank of Kazakhstan.<ref name="kazworld">[http://kazworld.info/?p=57344 Tenge Banknotes Of 2006 Withdrawn In Kazakhstan]</ref>

{{Clear}}
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"
!colspan=7| 2006 Series
|-
!colspan=2| Image !!rowspan=2| Value !!rowspan=2| Main Colour !!colspan=2| Description !!rowspan=2| Date of issue
|-
! Obverse !! Reverse !! Obverse !! Reverse
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:200 tenge (2006).jpg|110px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:200_tenge_(2006)_r.jpg|110px]]
| 200 tenge
| orange
|rowspan=6| Astana Bayterek monument, Kazakhstan flag, Kazakhstan coat of arms, handprint with a signature of [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]], fragments of the national anthem, value in numerals and Kazakh words, issuing bank in Kazakh, inscription in Kazakh stating that counterfeiting banknotes is against the law
| Transport and Communication Ministry and a winged snow leopard on the bridge over River Ishim, outline map of Kazakhstan with Ministry of Defense and the steppes in the background, value in Russian, name of issuing in Kazakh, logo of issuing bank, inscription in Russian stating that counterfeiting banknotes is against the law
|rowspan=6| 2006-2016<ref name="kazworld"/>
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:500 tenge (2006).jpg|110px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:500 tenge (2006) r.jpg|110px]]
| 500 tenge
| blue
| Ministry of Finance and Akimat (City Hall) of Astana, outline map of Kazakhstan with gulls over the sea in background, value in Russian, name of issuing in Kazakh, logo of issuing bank, inscription in Russian stating that counterfeiting banknotes is against the law
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:1000 tenge (2006).jpg|110px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:KazakhstanPNew-1000Tenge-2006-donatedTA b.jpg|110px]]
| 1,000 tenge
| brown
| President Culture Center, outline map of Kazakhstan with mountains in background, value in Russian, name of issuing in Kazakh, logo of issuing bank, inscription in Russian stating that counterfeiting banknotes is against the law
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:2000 tenge (2006).jpg|110px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:KazakhstanPNew-2000Tenge-2006-donatedTA b.jpg|110px]]
| 2,000 tenge
| green
| Abai Opera House, outline map of Kazakhstan with mountain lake in background, value in Russian, name of issuing in Kazakh, logo of issuing bank, inscription in Russian stating that counterfeiting banknotes is against the law
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:5000 tenge (2006).jpg|110px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:KazakhstanPNew-5000Tenge-2006-donatedTA b.jpg|110px]]
| 5,000 tenge
| red
| Independence Monument and the Kazakhstan Hotel, outline map of Kazakhstan with mountains in background, value in Russian, name of issuing in Kazakh, logo of issuing bank, inscription in Russian stating that counterfeiting banknotes is against the law
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:10000 tenge (2006).jpg|110px]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [[File:10000 tenge (2006) r.jpg|110px]]
| 10,000 tenge
| purple
| Residence Akorda (presidential palace), outline map of Kazakhstan with canyons in the background, value in Russian, name of issuing in Kazakh, logo of issuing bank, inscription in Russian stating that counterfeiting banknotes is against the law
|}

===2011–2014 series===
The [[National Bank of Kazakhstan]] issued a new series of tengé banknotes dated 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 in denominations of 1,000-, 2,000-, 5,000-, and 10,000-tengé.<ref>[http://banknotenews.com/files/9c8ba43484725d9f369957afd533e2a8-2120.php Kazakhstan new date (2012) non-commemorative 10,000-tengé note confirmed] BanknoteNews.com. June 23, 2012. Retrieved on 2015-02-05.</ref><ref>[http://banknotenews.com/files/304b37daac1fce7e4fd2cbc021b399b8-1918.php Kazakhstan new 5,000-tengé note confirmed] BanknoteNews.com. February 12, 2012. Retrieved on 2015-02-05.</ref><ref>[http://banknotenews.com/files/e8d297859f1fdf679f4fbfd12dd6e447-2520.php Kazakhstan new 2,000-tenge note confirmed] BanknoteNews.com. April 8, 2013. Retrieved on 2015-02-05.</ref><ref>[http://banknotenews.com/files/76ece6cf9a8e66456339e2feee2df4ff-3281.php Kazakhstan new 1,000-tenge note confirmed] BanknoteNews.com. January 5, 2015. Retrieved on 2015-02-05.</ref> On 1 December 2015, a new 20,000 Tenge banknote was introduced. It contains the issue date of 2013, and is a commemorative note to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the introduction of its national currency, but was not issued until 2015.<ref>[http://banknotenews.com/files/d205a1fb221241838b3752c8d86ca60f-3719.php Kazakhstan new 20,000-tenge note (B144) confirmed] BanknoteNews.com. December 3, 2015. Retrieved on 2015-12-03.</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"
!colspan=7| 2011-2014 Series
|-
!colspan=2| Image !!rowspan=2| Value !!rowspan=2| Main Color !!colspan=2| Description !!rowspan=2| Date of issue
|-
! Obverse !! Reverse !! Obverse !! Reverse
|-
| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/KAZ/KAZ0046.htm]
| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/KAZ/KAZ0046.htm]
| 1000 tengé
| Yellow, brown, orange and blue
| "Kazakh Eli" monument in [[Astana]] (representing the "independence of Kazakhstan" and the "Continuation of Generations"), piegons, [[Emblem of Kazakhstan]] and [[Flag of Kazakhstan]]
| Outline of Kazakhstan, mountains and landscape of the Ustyurt Plateau
| 2014
|-
| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/KAZ/KAZ0041.htm]
| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/KAZ/KAZ0041.htm]
| 2000 tengé
| Green
| "Kazakh Eli" monument in [[Astana]] (representing the "independence of Kazakhstan" and the "Continuation of Generations"), piegons, [[Emblem of Kazakhstan]] and [[Flag of Kazakhstan]]
| Outline of Kazakhstan, Ertis/Irtysh river
| 2012
|-
| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/KAZ/KAZ0042.htm]
| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/KAZ/KAZ0042.htm]
| 5000 tengé
| Red, blue, yellow, and green
| "Kazakh Eli" monument in [[Astana]] (representing the "independence of Kazakhstan" and the "Continuation of Generations"), piegons, [[Emblem of Kazakhstan]] and [[Flag of Kazakhstan]]
| Outline of Kazakhstan, Monument of Independence, Hotel "Kazakhstan" (Almaty/Alma Ata), Zailijsky Alatau ridge of Tjan-Shan mountain range
| 2011
|-
| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/KAZ/KAZ0043.htm]
| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/KAZ/KAZ0043.htm]
| 10,000 tengé
| Violet and blue
| "Kazakh Eli" monument in [[Astana]] (representing the "independence of Kazakhstan" and the "Continuation of Generations"), piegons, [[Emblem of Kazakhstan]] and [[Flag of Kazakhstan]]
| [[Ak Orda Presidential Palace|Residence Ak Orda (Palace of the President)]], Astana
| 2012
|-
| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/KAZ/KAZ0045.htm]
| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/KAZ/KAZ0045.htm]
| 20,000 tengé
| Blue-gray and violet
| "Kazakh Eli" monument in [[Astana]] (representing the "independence of Kazakhstan" and the "Continuation of Generations"), piegons, [[Emblem of Kazakhstan]], [[Flag of Kazakhstan]] and the Mangilik El triumphal arch
| [[Ak Orda Presidential Palace|Residence Ak Orda (Palace of the President)]] and Government buildings in Astana, arranged in order by the principle of separation of powers, as written in the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan
| 2013
|-
|}

===New series with security features 2008===
Since 2008, a number of commemorative designs have been issued, including notes celebrating the 2011 [[Asian Winter Games]] hosted in Astana. Commemoratives can typically be found in these denominations: 1000 tenge, 2000 tenge, 5000 tenge, and 10000 tenge.

==Commemorative banknotes==
*5,000 tenge (2001)
<gallery>
File:Kazakhstan-2001-Bill-5000-Obverse.jpg|5,000 tenge banknote issued in 2001 with overprint to commemorate the 10th anniversary of independence from the [[Soviet Union]] (front).
File:Kazakhstan-2001-Bill-5000-Reverse.jpg|5,000 tenge banknote issued in 2001 with overprint to commemorate the 10th anniversary of independence from the Soviet Union (back).
</gallery>
*5,000 tenge (2008)
<gallery>
File:Kazakhstan-2008-Bill-5000-Obverse.jpg|5,000 tenge banknote issued in 2008 to commemorate 15 years of the Kazakhstani tenge (front).
File:Kazakhstan-2008-Bill-5000-Reverse.jpg|5,000 tenge banknote issued in 2008 to commemorate 15 years of the Kazakhstani tenge (back).
</gallery>
*1,000 tenge (2010)
<gallery>
File:Kazakhstan-2010-Bill-1000-Obverse.jpg|1,000 tenge banknote issued in 2010 to commemorate the Chairmanship of Kazakhstan in the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]] (front).
File:Kazakhstan-2010-Bill-1000-Reverse.jpg|1,000 tenge banknote issued in 2010 to commemorate the Chairmanship of Kazakhstan in the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]] (back).
</gallery>
*1,000 tenge (2011)
<gallery>
File:Kazakhstan-2011-Bill-1000-Obverse.jpg|1,000 tenge banknote issued in 2011 to commemorate Kazakhstan's Presidency of the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|Oorganisation of the Islamic Conference]] (front).
File:Kazakhstan-2011-Bill-1000-Reverse.jpg|1,000 tenge banknote issued in 2011 to commemorate Kazakhstan's Presidency of the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|Organisation of the Islamic Conference]] (back).
</gallery>
*2,000 tenge (2011)
<gallery>
File:Kazakhstan-2011-Bill-2000-Obverse.jpg|2,000 tenge banknote issued in 2011 to commemorate the 7th [[Asian Winter Games]] in [[Astana]] (front).
File:Kazakhstan-2011-Bill-2000-Reverse.jpg|2,000 tenge banknote issued in 2011 to commemorate the 7th [[Asian Winter Games]] in [[Astana]] (back).
</gallery>
*10,000 tenge (2011)
<gallery>
File:Kazakhstan-2011-Bill-10000-Obverse.jpg|10,000 tenge banknote issued in 2011 to commemorate the 20th anniversary of independence from the [[Soviet Union]] (front).
File:Kazakhstan-2011-Bill-10000-Reverse.jpg|10,000 tenge banknote issued in 2011 to commemorate the 20th anniversary of independence from the [[Soviet Union]] (back).
</gallery>
*1,000 tenge (2013)
1,000 tenge banknote issued in 2013 to commemorate the “[[Kul Tigin]]” – the monument of the [[Old Turkic alphabet|Turkic runic writing]].

*10,000 tenge (2016)
The National Bank of Kazakhstan issued a 10,000 tenge commemorative banknote to commemorate the 25th anniversary of independence from the Soviet Union. The commemorative note contains an image of Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev,<ref>[http://kazworld.info/?p=58821 Kazakhstan Presented Tenge Note With President Nazarbayev]</ref>and was launched into circulation on the Day of the First President, December 1, 2016.

==Exchange rates and inflation==
On September 2, 2013 the National Bank of Kazakhstan moved the Kazakhstan Tenge from a managed float and pegged it to the [[U.S. dollar]] and [[Russian ruble]].<ref>Kazakhstan to peg tenge to U.S. dollar, euro, rouble on Sept. 2 http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/28/kazakhstan-currency-idUSL6N0GT1Y020130828</ref>

On February 11, 2014, the Kazakh National Bank chose to devalue the tenge by 19% against the U.S. dollar in response to a weakening of the Russian ruble.<ref>[http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/5a30f3e4-931a-11e3-b07c-00144feab7de.html#axzz2thYSwfoi Kazakhstan devalues tenge by almost 20%], The Financial Times, 11 February 2014</ref>

On August 20, 2015, The Kazakhstan National Bank has done away with the currency band with respect to conversion rate of Tenge. Now, the Tenge is a free-floating currency and its exchange rate against the major currencies are determined by demand and supply in the market. Due to this change, the currency Tenge lost its value by 30% in a single day.<ref>[http://astana-almaty.blogspot.com/2015/08/devaluation-of-kazakh-tenge-kzt-is-it.html], Blog Travel to Central Asia-Kazakhstan and Astana, 20 August 2015</ref>
{{Clear}}
{{Exchange rate|KZT|RUB|CNY}}

{|class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="font-size: 90%"
|+ Historical average exchange rates<ref>{{cite web|author=The National Bank of Kazakhstan|title=Official Foreign Exchange Rates on average for the period|url=http://nationalbank.kz/?docid=364|accessdate=20 February 2012}}</ref>
|-
|
! scope="col" style="text-align: right;" | USD
! scope="col" style="text-align: right;" | EUR
! scope="col" style="text-align: right;" | RUB
|-
! scope="row" | 1999
| style="text-align: right;" | 119.52
| style="text-align: right;" | 130.00
| style="text-align: right;" | 4.82
|-
! scope="row" | 2000
| style="text-align: right;" | 142.13
| style="text-align: right;" | 134.40
| style="text-align: right;" | 5.05
|-
! scope="row" | 2001
| style="text-align: right;" | 146.74
| style="text-align: right;" | 132.40
| style="text-align: right;" | 5.04
|-
! scope="row" | 2002
| style="text-align: right;" | 153.28
| style="text-align: right;" | 144.68
| style="text-align: right;" | 4.89
|-
! scope="row" | 2003
| style="text-align: right;" | n/a
| style="text-align: right;" | 168.79
| style="text-align: right;" | 4.87
|-
! scope="row" | 2004
| style="text-align: right;" | 136.04
| style="text-align: right;" | 169.04
| style="text-align: right;" | 4.72
|-
! scope="row" | 2005
| style="text-align: right;" | 132.88
| style="text-align: right;" | 165.42
| style="text-align: right;" | 4.70
|-
! scope="row" | 2006
| style="text-align: right;" | 126.09
| style="text-align: right;" | 158.27
| style="text-align: right;" | 4.64
|-
! scope="row" | 2007
| style="text-align: right;" | 122.55
| style="text-align: right;" | 167.75
| style="text-align: right;" | 4.79
|-
! scope="row" | 2008
| style="text-align: right;" | 120.30
| style="text-align: right;" | 177.04
| style="text-align: right;" | 4.86
|-
! scope="row" | 2009
| style="text-align: right;" | 147.50
| style="text-align: right;" | 205.67
| style="text-align: right;" | 4.66
|-
! scope="row" | 2010
| style="text-align: right;" | 147.35
| style="text-align: right;" | 195.67
| style="text-align: right;" | 4.85
|-
! scope="row" | 2011
| style="text-align: right;" | 146.62
| style="text-align: right;" | 204.11
| style="text-align: right;" | 5.00
|-
! scope="row" | 2012 (Jan)
| style="text-align: right;" | 148.38
| style="text-align: right;" | 191.27
| style="text-align: right;" | 4.73
|-
! scope="row" | 2014-4-14
| style="text-align: right;" | 182.02
| style="text-align: right;" | 252.72
| style="text-align: right;" | 5.11
|-
!2016-9-30
|335.64
|377.42
|5.33
|}

{|class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="font-size: 90%"
|-
|
! scope="col" style="text-align: right;" | Annual [[inflation]] rate, %<ref>{{cite web|author=The National Bank of Kazakhstan|title=Price Indices Data|url=http://nationalbank.kz/index.cfm?docid=170|accessdate=20 February 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 1994
| style="text-align: right;" | 1160.262
|-
! scope="row" | 1995
| style="text-align: right;" | 60.388
|-
! scope="row" | 1996
| style="text-align: right;" | 28.763
|-
! scope="row" | 1997
| style="text-align: right;" | 11.321
|-
! scope="row" | 1998
| style="text-align: right;" | 1.880
|-
! scope="row" | 1999
| style="text-align: right;" | 18.095
|-
! scope="row" | 2000
| style="text-align: right;" | 10.001
|-
! scope="row" | 2001
| style="text-align: right;" | 6.582
|-
! scope="row" | 2002
| style="text-align: right;" | 6.686
|-
! scope="row" | 2003
| style="text-align: right;" | 7.001
|-
! scope="row" | 2004
| style="text-align: right;" | 7.011
|-
! scope="row" | 2005
| style="text-align: right;" | 7.868
|-
! scope="row" | 2006
| style="text-align: right;" | 8.400
|-
! scope="row" | 2007
| style="text-align: right;" | 18.772
|-
! scope="row" | 2008
| style="text-align: right;" | 9.484
|-
! scope="row" | 2009
| style="text-align: right;" | 6.377
|-
! scope="row" | 2010
| style="text-align: right;" | 7.969
|-
! scope="row" | 2011
| style="text-align: right;" | 7.429
|-
! scope="row" | 2012
| style="text-align: right;" | 6.0
|}

==See also==
* [[Economy of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Japanese postal mark]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://kurs.kz/index.php?s=1&mode=main Currency exchange rates in Kazakhstan]
* [http://www.nationalbank.kz/?uid=EDC9B408-802C-E8FB-3C252D40CBA37B27&docid=127 News from the National Bank of Kazakhstan]

* [http://www.bis-ans-ende-der-welt.net/Kasachstan-B-En.htm The banknotes of Kazakhstan] {{en icon}} {{de icon}}
* [http://www.kazcoins.com Coins of Kazakhstan]
* [http://colnect.com/en/banknotes/list/country/4081 Banknotes of Kazakhstan]
* [http://banknoter.com/s/kazakhstan Kazakhstan Tenge: detailed catalog of banknotes]
* {{CISCoins|Kazakhstan}}

{{Currencies of Asia}}
{{Currencies of post-Soviet states}}
{{Currency signs}}
{{Kazakhstan topics}}

[[Category:Economy of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Currencies of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:1993 introductions]]

Shymkent International Airport

2017-04-04T08:45:59Z

Laurentiu Popa: /* Passenger */ flydubai no longer operates Dubai-Shymkent route

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Shymkent International Airport
| nativename =
| nativename-a = Халықаралық Шымкент Әуежайы
| nativename-r =
| image = CIT logo small.png
| image-width = 250
| caption =
| image2 = Sjimkent3.jpg
| image2-width = 250
| caption2 = An [[Air Astana]] [[Fokker 50]] parked at the airport
| IATA = CIT
| ICAO = UAII
| type = Public
| owner =
| operator = JSC "Shymkent International Airport"
| city-served = [[Shymkent]]
| location = {{Convert|12.6|km|abbr=on}} NW of [[Shymkent]] Railway Station, Kazakhstan
| hub = * [[SCAT (airline)|SCAT]]
| elevation-m = 422
| coordinates = {{coord|42|21|54|N|069|28|34|E|region:KZ|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = Kazakhstan
| pushpin_label = UAII
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kazakhstan
| website = [http://www.airserver.kz www.airserver.kz]
| metric-elev = Y
| metric-rwy = Y
| r1-number = 10/28
| r1-length-m = 3,300
| r1-surface = Reinforced Concrete
| r2-number = 10/28
| r2-length-m = 2,300
| r2-surface = Dirt
| r3-number = 06/24
| r3-length-m = 410
| r3-surface = Dirt
| stat-year =
| stat1-header =
| stat1-data =
| stat2-header =
| stat2-data =
| footnotes = Source: [[Aeronautical Information Publication|AIP]] Kazakhstan<ref name="AIP">[http://goszakup.ans.kz/AIP/AIRAC_AMDT_01_13/AIP/html/UA-frameset-en-KZ.html AIP Kazakhstan]</ref>
}}

'''Shymkent International Airport''' ({{lang-kk|Халықаралық Шымкент Әуежайы}}, ''Xalıqaralıq Şımkent Äwejayı'', حالىقارالىق شىمكەنت أۋەجايى; {{lang-ru|link=no|Международный Аэропорт Шымкент}}) {{airport codes|CIT|UAII}} is an airport serving [[Shymkent]] in [[South Kazakhstan Province]], [[Kazakhstan]].

In 2004, the airport handled 97,000 passengers.

== History ==
The basis for the airport was an agricultural airbase built in 1932. From 1933 it started handling passengers and cargo traffic. In 1963 Shymkent airport was relocated to its current location; construction of both the runway and the passenger terminal were finished in 1967. In 2014, passenger traffic reached 440,000 passengers.

After a protocol signed in November 2012 by the governments of Kazakhstan and [[France]], French forces withdrawing from [[Afghanistan]] received authorisation to use Shymkent Airport. Military hardware arriving on French aircraft will then be transported by rail to Europe. France has to fund the creation of the infrastructure necessary for the temporary bond storage and the area needed for higher customs control to ensure the trans-shipment operations in Shymkent Airport. It will also finance the acquisition or the rent of loading vehicles to accelerate wagon loading, construction of {{Convert|400|m|abbr=on}}{{clarify|m?|date=July 2016}} of hard surface road, protection of freight in temporary storage and en route on Kazakhstan's railroad.<ref>{{cite news|title=French Forces Withdrawing from Afghanistan Authorized to Land in Kazakhstan|url=http://www.satrapia.com/news/article/french-forces-withdrawing-from-afghanistan-authorized-to-land-in-kazakhstan/|newspaper=The Gazette of Central Asia|date=30 December 2012|publisher=Satrapia}}</ref>

==Airlines and destinations==

===Passenger===
{{Airport-dest-list
| [[Aeroflot]] | [[Sheremetyevo International Airport|Moscow-Sheremetyevo]]<ref name=AeroflotToKZ>{{cite news|last1=L|first1=J|title=AEROFLOT Assumes Transaero Kazakhstan Operation from late-Oct 2015|url=http://airlineroute.net/2015/10/26/su-kazakhstan-w15/|accessdate=26 October 2015|publisher=Airline Route|date=26 October 2015}}</ref>
|[[Air Astana]]|[[Almaty Airport|Almaty]], [[Astana Airport|Astana]]
|[[AtlasGlobal]]|[[Istanbul Atatürk Airport|Istanbul-Atatürk]]
|[[Bek Air]]|[[Aktau Airport|Aktau]], [[Almaty Airport|Almaty]], [[Astana Airport|Astana]]
|[[Qazaq Air]]|[[Astana International Airport|Astana]] (begins {{date|2017-3-26}}), [[Aktobe Airport|Aktobe]], [[Almaty Airport|Almaty]], [[Pavlodar Airport|Pavlodar]]
|[[S7 Airlines]]|[[Tolmachevo Airport|Novosibirsk]]<ref>{{cite web|title=S7 Airlines открывает новый рейс в Казахстан|url=http://www.s7.ru/home/about/news/s7-airlines-otkryvaet-novyy-reys-v-kazakhstan|publisher=S7 Airlines|accessdate=18 January 2013}}</ref>
|[[SCAT Airlines]]|[[Aktau Airport|Aktau]], [[Almaty Airport|Almaty]], [[Astana Airport|Astana]], [[Khujand Airport|Khujand]], [[Moscow Domodedovo Airport|Moscow-Domodedovo]]
|[[SkyBus International Airlines|SkyBus]]| '''Seasonal charter:''' [[Batumi International Airport|Batumi]]<ref name="SkyBusKaz">{{cite web|title=SkyBus International Airlines|url=http://skybus.kz/|website=Skybus.kz|accessdate=30 May 2016}}</ref>
}}

===Cargo===
{{Airport-dest-list
|[[Atlas Air]]|[[Keflavík International Airport|Reykjavík]]
}}

==See also==
*[[Transport in Kazakhstan]]
*[[List of the busiest airports in the former USSR]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.airserver.kz/eng/index.asp Shymkent International Airport]

{{Airports in Kazakhstan}}

[[Category:Airports in Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Airports built in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Shymkent]]

{{Asia-airport-stub}}
{{Kazakhstan-geo-stub}}
{{Kazakhstan-transport-stub}}
{{Airports built in the Soviet Union}}