Kazakhstan Encyclopedia - User contributions [en]

Bayterek Tower

2017-04-23T22:47:51Z

KylieTastic: Reverted 2 edits by 2607:FCC8:BEA7:2A00:BD1A:B600:829C:A77C (talk) to last revision by ChelseaFunNumberOne. (TW)

{{Infobox building
| name = Bayterek Tower
| native_name = {{lang-kk|Бәйтерек}}<br>{{lang-ru|Байтерек}}
| former_names =
| alternate_names = Bayterek
| image = Bayterek Tower.jpg
| image_size = 256px
| alt =
| caption = Bayterek Tower
| map_type =
| altitude =
|status = Complete
| building_type = [[Monument]],<br>[[Observation tower]]
| architectural_style =
| structural_system =
| cost =
| ren_cost =
| location = [[Astana]], [[Kazakhstan]]
| address =
| client =
| owner =
| current_tenants =
| landlord =
| coordinates =
|start_date = October 25, 1996
|est_completion =
|opening =
| completion_date = {{start date and age|2002|08|30}}
| inauguration_date =
| renovation_date =
| demolition_date =
| destruction_date =
|antenna_spire = {{convert|105|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|roof =
|top_floor = {{convert|97|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| height =
| architect =
| architecture_firm =
| developer =
| main_contractor =
| structural_engineer =
| services_engineer =
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| awards =
| ren_architect =
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| ren_serv_engineer =
| ren_civ_engineer =
| ren_oth_designers =
| ren_qty_surveyor =
| ren_awards =
| references =
}}

'''Bayterek''' ([[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]: Бәйтерек, ''Bäyterek'', "tall [[Populus|poplar]] [tree]"), is a monument and observation tower in [[Astana]], the capital city of [[Kazakhstan]]. A tourist attraction popular with foreign visitors and native Kazakhs alike, it is emblematic of the city, which became capital of the country in 1997.

== Design ==
The monument is meant to embody a folktale about a mythical tree of life and a magic bird of happiness: the bird, named Samruk, had laid its [[egg (biology)|egg]] in the crevice between two branches of a poplar tree.

The 105 m tall structure rises from a wide flat base within a raised plaza. It consists of a narrow cylindrical shaft, surrounded by white branch-like girders that flare out near the top, supporting a gold-mirrored 22 m diameter sphere. The base contains a ticket booth and exhibition space, with two lifts rising within the shaft to the observation deck within the 'egg'. Entrances to the monument are sunk below eye level, reached by stairs from the surrounding plaza. Copied the idea from 1982 Worlds Fair Sunsphere in Knoxville, TN, USA.(266 ft. Tall)

The observation deck is 97 m above ground level, corresponding to 1997, the year that Astana became the nation's capital. It consists of two levels, one with 360 degree views of Astana and beyond, with a second, higher level, reached by a flight of stairs. The top level features a gilded hand print of the right hand of [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]], the first President of the independent [[Republic of Kazakhstan]], mounted in an ornate pedestal. A plaque invites visitors to place a hand in the imprint and make a wish. Alongside the handprint, and also oriented in the direction of the presidential palace, is a wooden sculpture of a globe and 16 radiating segments, commemorating the Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions, held several times in Astana.

==Photo gallery==

<gallery>
File:Kazakhstani tenge 10000 (2006).jpg|The 10,000 Kazakhstani tenge note showing the image of the Bayterek tower.
File:View from Bayterek tower.jpg
File:Bayterek monument.jpg|Bayterek monument
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Commons category|Bayterek}}
*[[Astana]]
*[[Kazakhstan]]
*[[History of Kazakhstan]]

==External links==
* {{official website| http://www.astanahotels.ru/eng/astana/bayterek.htm Bayterek Monument}}

{{coord|51.1283|N|71.4305|E|source:ruwiki_region:KZ_type:landmark|format=dms|display=title}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Astana]]
[[Category:Towers in Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Norman Foster buildings]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 2002]]
[[Category:Culture in Astana]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Astana]]
[[Category:Towers completed in 2002]]
[[Category:Observation towers in Astana]]
[[Category:Landmarks in Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Perceptions of religious imagery in natural phenomena]]
[[Category:2002 establishments in Kazakhstan]]

{{kazakhstan-geo-stub}}

Hasan Mahsum

2017-03-22T23:34:23Z

KylieTastic: Removed missing image - File was deleted from Wikimedia Commons - 20 March 2017

{{Chinese
|s=艾山·买合苏木
|t=艾山·買合蘇木
|p=Àishān Măihésūmù
|uig=ھەسەن مەخسۇم<BR/>Hesen Mexsum
}}

{{Infobox Politician
| name = Hasan Mahsum
| image =
| caption =
| office = Second Emir of the East Turkistan Islamic Party
| term_start = 1997
| term_end = 2 October 2003
| predecessor = [[Zeydin Yusup]]
| successor = [[Abdul Haq (ETIP)]]
| birth_date = 1964
| birth_place = [[Shule County]], [[Kashgar]], [[Xinjiang]]
| death_date = {{death date|2003|10|2|mf=y}}
| death_place = [[South Waziristan]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2008/10/evaluating_the_uighu.php |title=Evaluating the Uighur Threat |last=Joscelyn |first=Thomas |date=October 9, 2008 |website=The Long War Journal|publisher=Foundation for Defense of Democracy}}</ref>
| occupation = militant/religious leader
}}

'''Hasan Mahsum''' (or '''Hassan Makhdum'''), also known as '''Abu-Muhammad al-Turkestani''' and '''Ashan Sumut''', was the leader of the [[Islamic terrorism|Islamic extremist group]] [[East Turkestan Islamic Party]], and suspected of having ties with Al Qaeda.<ref name=Mahsum2002interview>
{{cite news
| url=http://www.rfa.org/english/news/politics/85871-20020127.html
| title=Uyghur Separatist Denies Links to Taliban, Al-Qaeda
| date=2002-01-28
| author=
| publisher=[[Radio Free Asia]]
| archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfa.org%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F85871-20020127.html&date=2009-05-29
| archivedate=2009-05-29
}}</ref>
He was shot dead in a counter-terrorism operation on October 2, 2003 by the [[Pakistani Army]].<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3343241.stm|title=Chinese militant "shot dead"|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2007-01-27|date=2003-12-23}}</ref>

== Political activities ==
{{quote|
|text=Anyone who is familiar with the battles that the mujahideen are engaged in today will know that the path of Jihad is the only path to prevent attacks and injustice [against us]... and, the suffering of the Americans is on the rise in Iraq due to the operations of the mujahideen... As a result of these operations, America was forced to withdraw fr om Iraq, and still it has not learned its lesson. Today, it is once again drinking [from] the cup of failure in Afghanistan as it gasps for breath, [looking] to avoid defeat and withdrawal—and now it is fighting the dizziness of death. Those kind of results could never have been achieved with writings and speeches.

Meanwhile, with regards to the situation in East Turkestan which was once part of the Islamic nation and is now under the domination of the unjust infidel Communists, the confrontation is still ongoing between the mujahideen and the invading occupiers. And, Allah-willing, the operations of the mujahideen in East Turkestan will make the Chinese suffer just as America suffered in Iraq and Afghanistan, from shame, sc andal, and defeat... In 1997, the mujahideen of East Turkestan gathered under the leadership of Commander Hasan Mahsum beyond the borders of our land, and they were graced by choosing the path of training within the shadow of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan— as they were prohibited and forbidden from doing so in their own country because of the Chinese occupation. We used to be able to live in our land, and we knew the ways of living, but we abandoned our homes in order to support the oppressed and to remove the injustices committed against all Muslims. [We left] in order to try and gain our sovereignty from communist China, and for the sake of providing our people a carefree and happy existence under the shadow of the Quran and Sunnah. During this period of time, a large number of mujahideen from East Turkestan received training... Later, during this critical period, the Islamic Emirate in Afghanistan was destroyed at the hands of the Zionist-Crusader assault launched under the lead of America... Nonetheless, the mujahideen of East Turkestan were able to continue their jihadi operations even after the collapse of the Islamic Emirate, thanks be to Allah. |author=TIP Narrator |source="Steadfastness and Preparations for Jihad in the Cause of Allah." Turkestan Islamic Party (TIP), January 20, 2009.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/FeaturedDocs/nefatip0409-4.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823182344/http://www.nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/FeaturedDocs/nefatip0409-4.pdf |archivedate=23 August 2009 |title=TIP: "Steadfastness and Preparations for Jihad in the Cause of Allah." |date=20 January 2009 |publisher=Nine Eleven/Finding Answers (NEFA) Foundation}}</ref>}}

Abdul Hameed, Abdul Azeez Makhdoom, and Abdul Hakeem Makhdoom launched the Islamic Party of Turkistan in 1940.<ref name="AcharyaGunaratna2010 1">{{cite book|author1=Arabinda Acharya|author2=Rohan Gunaratna|author3=Wang Pengxin|title=Ethnic Identity and National Conflict in China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVDIAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA53#v=onepage&q&f=false|date=22 June 2010|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0-230-10787-8|pages=53–}}</ref> After being set free from prison in 1979, Abdul Hakeem instructed Hasan Mahsum and other Uyghurs in fundamentalist Islam.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Arabinda Acharya|author2=Rohan Gunaratna|author3=Wang Pengxin|title=Ethnic Identity and National Conflict in China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVDIAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54#v=onepage&q&f=false|date=22 June 2010|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0-230-10787-8|pages=54–}}</ref>

In 1989 [[Zeydin Yusup]] started the group which was originally called East Turkistan Islamic Party(ETIP).<ref name="AcharyaGunaratna2010 1"/><ref name="ReedRaschke2010">{{cite book|author1=J. Todd Reed|author2=Diana Raschke|title=The ETIM: China's Islamic Militants and the Global Terrorist Threat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5I2b_hrJO8sC&pg=PA48#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-36540-9|pages=48–}}</ref> The movement was reshuffled by Hasan Mahsum and Abudukadir Yapuquan in 1997 into its present incarnation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stratfor.com/analysis/china-evolution-etim |title=China: The Evolution of ETIM |website=Stratfor.com |date=13 May 2008 |accessdate=13 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="GunaratnaOreg2015">{{cite book|author1=Rohan Gunaratna|author2=Aviv Oreg|title=The Global Jihad Movement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QrF_CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA244#v=onepage&q&f=false|date=1 July 2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-4542-6|pages=244–}}</ref>

Mahsum, a native of Shule (Kunixar) County, became involved with the [[East Turkestan independence movement]] early in his life; in his late 20s, he was already a lecturer at a training camp in [[Yecheng County]], preaching [[Jihad]] and advocating the use of violence against Chinese authorities.<ref name="Shichor">{{cite journal|last=Sichor|first=Yitzhak|title=Fact and Fiction: A Chinese Documentary on Eastern Turkestan Terrorism|volume=4|issue=2|year=2006|pages=89–108|journal=China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly|publisher=Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies Program|accessdate=2006-12-15|url=http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/docs/CEF/Quarterly/May_2006/Shichor.pdf}}</ref> He was arrested in October 1993 by the Chinese police for terrorist activities and sentenced to three years of re-education through labour.<ref name="RenminRibao">
{{cite news|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200312/25/eng20031225_131190.shtml|date=2003-12-25|accessdate=2006-12-15|title=FM spokesman confirms death of wanted terrorist|publisher=People's Daily
}}</ref> After fleeing China in 1997 to Mecca, Mahsum joined the Taliban<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date= 2015-05-19 |title=الصينيون الأويغور... "انغماسيّو أردوغان" الجدد |url=http://asraar-sy.com/?content=3&id_new=30017 |newspaper=أسرار|location=|access-date= }}</ref> and lived in Afghanistan and Pakistan; he held an Afghan passport issued by the [[Taliban]]. In early 1999, he was said to have met with [[Osama bin Laden]], who offered him US$300,000 of financial assistance for the East Turkestan Islamic Movement in the following year;<ref name="Raman">{{cite paper|author=Raman. B|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927194700/http://www.saag.org/papers13/paper1232.html|archivedate=2007-09-27|url=http://www.saag.org/papers13/paper1232.html|title=Paper no. 1232: Explosions in Xinjiang|date=2005-01-27|accessdate=2006-12-15|publisher=South Asia Analysis Group}}</ref> Mahsum himself denied any connection with bin Laden.<ref name="">{{cite paper|author=Mackerras, Colin|title=Ethnicity in China: The Case of Xinjiang|url=http://www4.ncsu.edu/~dnschmid/mackerras.htm|publisher=Harvard Asia Quarterly|date=Winter 2004|accessdate=2006-12-15}}</ref> The Chinese government has accused him of directing a series of violent terrorist activities including robbery and murder in [[Urumqi]] on February 4, 1999 and violent murders in the [[Khotan]] region on December 14, 1999;<ref name="PRCMFA">{{cite press release|title=Spokesperson's remarks on the Death of Hasan Mahsum, Head of the "East Turkistan Islamic Movement"|url=http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/fyrth/t57039.htm|publisher=Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United States of America|date=2003-10-24|accessdate=2006-12-15}}</ref> it is believed that these attacks were carried out by an operative of his named Mutalif Kasim.<ref name="Shichor"/>

Uyghur detainees at Guantanamo bay have confessed that they were trained by Abdul Haq and Hassan Mahsum in Afghanistan, Abdul Haq was the leader who threatened terror attacks on the 2008 Beijing Olympics, sits on the Shura Council of al-Qaeda, and subscribes to the methodology of al-Qaeda.<ref name="own words">{{cite web |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2009/04/the_uighurs_in_their.php |title=The Uighurs, in their own words |last1=Joscelyn |first1=Thomas |date=21 April 2009 |website=The Long War Journal}}</ref>

In 2014 [[Turkistan Islamic Party]] in Syria released a video series called "Blessings for the strangers" (طوبى للغرباء) (طوبا للغرباء).<ref name="archive.org">https://archive.org/details/qrba_tobaa3</ref><ref name="archive7">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/tubalilghuraba|title=الحزب الإسلامي التركستاني لنصرة اهل الشام - طوبى للغرباء 1 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive|publisher=archive.org|accessdate=21 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="archive8">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/toba_qora1|title=الحزب الإسلامي التركستاني لنصرة اهل الشام - طوبى للغرباء 1 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive|publisher=archive.org|accessdate=21 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="archive9">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/toba_graba2|title=الحزب الإسلامي التركستاني لنصرة اهل الشام - طوبى للغرباء 2 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive|publisher=archive.org|accessdate=21 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="archive10">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/toba_qora2|title=الحزب الإسلامي التركستاني لنصرة اهل الشام - طوبى للغرباء2 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive|publisher=archive.org|accessdate=21 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="archive11">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/toba_qoraaa2|title=الحزب الإسلامي التركستاني لنصرة اهل الشام - طوبى للغرباء 2 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive|publisher=archive.org|accessdate=21 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="archive12">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/toba_qora4|title=الحزب الإسلامي التركستاني لنصر اهل الشام - طوبى للغرباء 4 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive|publisher=archive.org|accessdate=21 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="archive13">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/qrba_toba1|title=الحزب الإسلامي التركستاني لنصرة اهل الشام - طوبى للغرباء 1 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive|publisher=archive.org|accessdate=21 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://jihadology.net/2014/06/07/%E1%B9%A3awt-al-islam-presents-a-new-video-message-from-%E1%B8%A5izb-al-islami-al-turkistani-turkistan-islamic-party-in-bilad-al-sham-repentance-for-the-ghuraba-1/ |title=Protected: Ṣawt al-Islām presents a new video message from Ḥizb al-Islāmī al-Turkistānī [Turkistan Islamic Party] in Bilād al-Shām: "Blessings For the Ghurabā’ #1"|last1=Zelin |first1= Aaron Y. |last2= |first2= |date=June 7, 2014 |website=JIHADOLOGY |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref><ref>http://videos.videopress.com/ZXMiz5j4/e1b8a5izb-al-islc481mc4ab-al-turkistc481nc4ab-in-bilc481d-al-shc481m-22repentance-for-the-ghurabc481-122_dvd.mp4</ref><ref name="wordpress5">{{cite web|url=http://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/ilannnn.png?w=960|title=Image: ilannnn.png, (960 × 540 px)|publisher=azelin.files.wordpress.com|accessdate=21 October 2015}}</ref>{{Citekill|date=March 2017}} In the second video of the series, the leader of TIP in Syria Abu Rida al-Turkestani (أبو رضا التركستاني) read out a document with an Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban) letterhead, detailing the history of the founding of the Turkistan Islamic Party by Hasan Mahsum and "East Turkstani immigrants" when they moved to Taliban controlled Afghanistan, gave allegiance to Mullah Omar and founded the organization.<ref name="archive10"/><ref>https://archive.org/details/TubaLilghuraba2</ref><ref>http://islam-awazi1.blogspot.com/2014/08/2.html</ref><ref>https://plus.google.com/103062726419851454886/posts/Mk8uWzjDDKz</ref>

Turkistan Islamic Party leader Abdullah Mansur wrote an article on the sayings of TIP leader Hassan Makhdum (حسن مخدوم) in the 2nd edition of the "Islamic Turkistan" magazine.<ref>{{cite magazine |last= |first= |author=عبد الله منصور|date= November 2008 |title=أقوال القائد حسن المخدوم رحمه الله|url=https://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/e1b8a5izb-al-islc481mc4ab-al-turkistc481nc4abs-turkistan-islamic-party-22turkistc481n-al-islc481mc4abyyah-222.pdf|magazine=تركستان الإسلامية |issue= السنة الأولى: العدد الثاني|pages=35–38 |location= |publisher= |access-date= }}</ref>

"The Pride of Turkistan" nasheed video showed footage of Hasan Mahsum.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jihadology.net/2012/05/03/%E1%B9%A3awt-al-islam-presents-a-new-video-nashid-from-%E1%B8%A5izb-al-islami-al-turkistani-turkistan-islamic-party-the-pride-of-turkistan/ |title=Ṣawt al-Islām presents a new video nashīd from Ḥizb al-Islāmī al-Turkistānī [Turkistan Islamic Party]: “The Pride of Turkistān” |last= |first= |date=May 3, 2012 |website=Jihadology |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/azelin/status/198185417902792704 |title= |last=Zelin |first=Aaron Y. |date=3 May 2012 |website=Jihadology |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref> “Your Giving to the Lord” nasheed video showed an image of Hasan Mahsum and Hu Jintao and an image of Osama Bin Laden and George Bush.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jihadology.net/2012/04/27/%E1%B9%A3awt-al-islam-presents-a-new-nashid-from-%E1%B8%A5izb-al-islami-al-turkistanis-turkistan-islamic-party-your-giving-to-the-lord/ |title=Ṣawt al-Islām presents a new Nashīd from Ḥizb al-Islāmī al-Turkistānī [Turkistan Islamic Party]: “Your Giving to the Lord” |last= |first= |date= April 27, 2012 |website=Jihadology |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/azelin/status/195981210051289088 |title= |last=Zelin |first=Aaron Y. |date=27 Apr 2012 |website=Jihadology |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref>

In 2015 the Turkistan Islamic Party (East Turkistan Islamic Movement) released an image showing Al Qaeda leaders [[Ayman al Zawahiri]] and Osama Bin Laden meeting with Hasan Mahsum.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Weissenberg7/status/644280427109179392|title=Caleb Weiss|work=Twitter|accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref>https://twitter.com/Dogu_Turkistan_/status/644269919492698112</ref>

The Uyghurs East Turkestan independence movement was endorsed in the serial "Islamic Spring”'s 9th release by [[Ayman Al-Zawahiri]], the chief of Al-Qaeda. Zawahiri confirmed that the Afghanistan war after 9/11 included the participation of Uighurs and that the jihadists like Zarwaqi, Bin Ladin and the Uighur Hasan Mahsum were provided with refuge together in Afghanistan under Taliban rule.<ref>http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/07/zawahiri-praises-uighur-jihadists-in-ninth-episode-of-islamic-spring-series.php https://news.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-News/zawahiri-addresses-uyghur-muslims-in-ninth-episode-of-islamic-spring.htmlhttp://jihadology.net/2016/07/02/new-video-message-from-dr-ayman-al-%e1%ba%93awahiri-the-islamic-spring-9-turkistan-patience-and-then-victory https://videopress.com/embed/tcYTflzt?hd=0&autoPlay=0&permalink=0&loop=0</ref>

The Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria's Islam Awazi media arm released a "Visual Nasheed" (النشيد المرئي) titled "Wake Up Oh Muslim Ummah" (استيقظي يا أمة الإسلام), beginning with a speech by Hasan Mahsum. The end of the nasheed video featured TIP fighters burning a Syrian flag, the burning of a portrait of Syrian President [[Bashar al-Assad]], and footage of the [[September 11 attacks]] on the World Trade Center, with the Uyghur language subtitles of the nasheed referring to the "Kafirlar" (كافرلار) (infidels) when the destruction of the World Trade Center towers was shown on the video.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jihadology.net/2015/10/02/new-video-nashid-from-%E1%B8%A5izb-al-islami-al-turkistani-in-bilad-al-sham-wake-up-oh-muslim-nation/ |title=New video nashīd from Ḥizb al-Islāmī al-Turkistānī in Bilād al-Shām: “Wake Up Oh Muslim Nation” |last=Zelin |first=Aaron Y. |date= October 2, 2015|website=Jihadology |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}} </ref>

The Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria released "Blessed Are the Strangers #6" featuring a speech by Hasan Mahsum, as well as by [[Army of Conquest]] leader [[Abdullah al-Muhaysini]] and [[Ahrar ash-Sham]] member [[Abdurazak al Mahdi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jihadology.net/2017/01/01/new-video-message-from-%e1%b8%a5izb-al-islami-al-turkistani-in-bilad-al-sham-blessed-are-the-strangers-6/ |title=New video message from Ḥizb al-Islāmī al-Turkistānī in Bilād al-Shām: “Blessed Are the Strangers #6″ |last=Zelin |first=Aaron Y. |date= January 1, 2017|website=Jihadology |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}} </ref>

Doğu Türkistan Bülteni Haber Ajansı mentioned a brief history of the TIP, from Zeyiddin Yusuf founding it in 1988 in "East Turkestan", to its participation int he 1990 riots and insurgency, its "jihad in the path of Allah", its migration in 1996 under Hasan Mahsum to the Taliban controlled Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, and its war since 2001 against the "Crusaders" for 15 years in the "Afghan jihad", to 2012, when it entered the SYrian Civil War. It released a video showing footage of its battles in Syria including at Abu Dhuhur. <ref> {{cite news |last= |first= |date= 18 October 2016 |title= Türkistan İslam Cemati'nin Suriye'de ki Büyük Fetihleri – VİDEO HABER |url= http://www.doguturkistanbulteni.com/2016/10/18/turkistan-islam-cematinin-suriyede-ki-buyuk-fetihleri-video-haber/ |newspaper= Doğu Türkistan Bülteni Haber Ajansı |location= |access-date= }}</ref>

Doğu Türkistan Bülteni Haber Ajansı interviewed Turkistan Islamic Party leader Abdullah Mansur and claimed that the Communists killed 60 million Uyghurs, attacking the idea of democracy and attacking America, saying that Uighurs should follow the "prophetic methodology" of jihad and that only Alalh would provide victory, attacking South Sudan and East Timor, claiming “East Turkistan” is an integral part of Islam and the Islamic Ummah, talking about Hasan Mahsum bringing the Turkistan Islamic Party in 1997 to the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan and the Turkistan Islamic Party’s allegiance to the Taliban.. <ref> {{cite news |last=Mansur |first=Abdullah |date=23 January 2016 |title=Türkistan İslam Cemaati : Demokratların ve Mücahitlerin ” Doğu Türkistan ” Yaklaşımı |url=http://www.doguturkistanbulteni.com/2016/01/23/turkistan-islam-cemaati-demokratlarin-ve-mucahitlerin-dogu-turkistan-yaklasimi/ |newspaper= Doğu Türkistan Bülteni Haber Ajansı |location= |access-date= }}</ref>

== Death ==

Chinese, Pakistani, and US officials confirmed that Mahsum was shot dead in an early-morning raid on a suspected [[al-Qaeda]] training camp by the [[Pakistan Army]] in [[South Waziristan]], near the [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] border, on October 2, 2003.<ref name=DJIN>{{cite news|title=Pakistan Army Kills 12 In Offensive Against Al-Qaida|date=2003-10-02|publisher=Dow Jones International News}}</ref> The Pakistani army attacked an al-Qaeda hideout in [[South Waziristan]] near the border with [[Afghanistan]] on 2 October 2003, shooting and killing eight terrorists, including Mahsum. The ''[[Beijing News]]'' and ''[[International Herald Leader]]'' initially reported that the United States worked with Pakistan in a joint counter-terrorism operation, but Major General Shaukat Sultan, a spokesman for the Pakistani military, denied U.S. military involvement. Sultan said "DNA tests were conducted to determine it was him." The Chinese government assisted in identifying his body.<ref name="BBC"/>

==Testimony of Uyghur inmates at Guantanamo Bay on Hasan Mahsum==

Several of the [[Uyghur captives in Guantanamo]] acknowledged having met or having seen, an individual named '''Hassan Mahsum''' at a camp in eastern [[Afghanistan]] in mid to late 2001.

The purpose of the camp outside of Jalalabad, Afghanistan, where the Uighurs lived for months prior to the United States invasion of Afghanistan, is disputed. Many of the [[Uyghur captives in Guantanamo]] claimed that the camp was simply a place for Uyghurs fleeing "Chinese oppression" gathered. [[Seema Saifee]], a lawyer for four of the Uyghurs called the camp an "expatriate village in the mountains."<ref name=SeemaSaifee_DerSpiegel>[http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,629478,00.html Seema Saifee interview with Der Spiegel]</ref> The United States Intelligence Community considers the camp to be a terrorist training facility hosted by the Taliban and funded by Al Qaida. The camp was located in Nangarhar Province, a majority Pashtun area known for its support of the Taliban, and was surrounded by Al Qaida training camps such as the [[Derunta Camp]].

===Abdullah Abdulqadirakhum===
Uyghur captive [[Abdullah Abdulqadirakhum]] identified Hasan Mahsum as the man who provided him with training on the [[AK-47]].<ref name=CsrtAbdulqadirakhum>
[http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/detainees/csrt/Set_20_1606-1644.pdf Summarized transcripts (.pdf)], from [[Abdullah Abdulqadirakhum]]'s''[[Combatant Status Review Tribunal]]'' - pages 26-39</ref>

American [[intelligence analysts]] identified the camp the Uyghurs were constructing as a militant training camp, and alleged that the Taliban and al Qaeda were sponsoring the Uyghur's military training there. Abdulqadirakhum, and the other Uyghurs, all said the training they were provided was minimal, lasting a few hours, at most, and that most of their time and energy was consumed in their construction work.

Some of the Uyghurs denied receiving any training. They said it was optional, and they had opted out. All the Uyghurs, except Abdulqadirakhum, who acknowledged receiving some training, identified a fellow Uyghur named Abdul Haq as their trainer.

Abdulqadirakhum said that Maksum was killed during the [[US 2001 aerial bombardment of Afghanistan|US bombing campaign]].

===Bahtiyar Mahnut===
Uyghur captive [[Bahtiyar Mahnut]] testified that he saw Mahsum visit the camp once.<ref name=ArbBahtiyarMahnut>
{{Cite web
| url={{DoD detainees ARB|ARB_Transcript_Set_6_20255-20496.pdf#43}}
| title=Summary of Administrative Review Board Proceedings for ISN 277
| date=29 August 2005
| author=[[OARDEC]]
| pages='''pages 43–55'''
| publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]]
| accessdate=15 April 2008
}}</ref>
Bahtiyar Mahnut acknowledged that Hassam Mashum was a Uyghur leader. He disputed, however, that he was a leader of the [[Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement]] {{Sic}}, the [[Eastern Turkestan Organization]] {{Sic}} or the [[Eastern Turkistan Islamic Party]]. He testified that during their long resistance to Chinese occupation the Uyghur people had formed a number of groups with names similar to those mentioned in the allegations, but, to the best of his knowledge, Hassan Mashum was a leader of the [[Freedom Movement Party]] or the [[Freedom Organization]]

Bahtiyar Mahnut did not find the allegation that Hassan Mashum would be allied to al Qaeda credible.<ref name=ArbBahtiyarMahnut/>

===Adel Noori===
The [[Summary of Evidence (ARB)|Summary of Evidence memo]] prepared for
Uyghur captive [[Adel Noori]] first annual [[Administrative Review Board]] stated:<ref name=ArbSummaryOfEvidenceAdelNoori>
{{Cite web
| url=http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/detainees/csrt_arb/ARB_Round_1_Factors_000495-000594.pdf#42
| title=Unclassified Summary of Evidence for Administrative Review Board in the case of Noori, Adel
| date=1 July 2005
| pages=42–44
| author=[[OARDEC]]
| publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]]
| accessdate=19 December 2007
}}</ref>

:{| class="wikitable"
|
*The detainee traveled to a [[Uighur safe house in Kabul]], Afghanistan to receive training.
*The Emir of the safe house was '''Hassan Mahsum''', the leader of the [[East Tajikistan Islamic Party]] {{Sic}}.
*'''Hassan Mahsum''' visited the safe house a few days after detainee arrived at the safe house in August 2001, and again at the onset of the United States bombing campaign in October 2001.
*'''Hassan Maksoon''' (ph) oversees the operation of a small school in Kabul, Afghanistan where groups of three Uighurs train in Islam and light weapons operations.
|}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/fyrth/t57039.htm Spokesperson's remarks on the Death of Hasan Mahsum, Head of the "East Turkistan Islamic Movement]
*[http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/01/25/1074965420892.html al-Qaeda suspect identified]
*[http://www.hindu.com/2003/12/26/stories/2003122600891500.htm Chinese terrorist killed by Pakistan Army]
*[http://china.notspecial.org/archives/2006/12/chinapakistan_m.html China-Pakistan Military Exercises]
*[http://www.rfa.org/english/news/politics/2002/01/27/85871/ Uyghur Separatist Denies Links to Taliban, Al-Qaeda]
*[http://216.109.125.130/search/cache?p=Hasan+Mahsum&toggle=1&ei=UTF-8&fr=yfp-t-501&u=www.observerindia.com/analysis/A084.htm&w=hasan+mahsum&d=As-YREVuN2Yn&icp=1&.intl=us China's terror list and its implications]
{{ETIM}}



{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahsum, Hasan}}
[[Category:Terrorism in China]]
[[Category:Terrorism in Pakistan]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:2003 deaths]]
[[Category:Chinese Islamists]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Pakistan]]
[[Category:East Turkestan independence movement]]
[[Category:Uyghurs]]
[[Category:Muslims with branch missing]]
[[Category:People from Kashgar]]
[[Category:Turkistan Islamic Party]]

Kazakhstan International School

2016-10-31T23:16:57Z

KylieTastic: Reverted 3 edits by Kishaker identified as test/vandalism using STiki

{{Multiple issues|
{{unreferenced|date=February 2012}}
{{advert|date=February 2012}}
}}

{{Infobox school
| name = Kazakhstan International School, Almaty
| logo = NEW KIS LOGO.jpg
| motto = More than Academics
| location = 102a, Utegen Batyr
| city = [[Almaty]]
| country = [[Kazakhstan]]
| type = [[Private school]]
| established = {{start date|1997}}
| founder = Daniel Gunaseelan
| principal = Elena Maksymova
| faculty =
| mascot =
| accreditation = International Baccalaureate Primary Years Program (PYP)
| website = http://kisnet.org/
| students = 130 from about 30 different countries
| endowment =
| campus =
}}

'''Kazakhstan International School''' (KIS) is a nonprofit international school in [[Almaty]], Kazakhstan. KIS is an [[International Baccalaureate]] Primary Years Program (IB PYP) Authorized school. English is not only the language of instruction, but is also the common language that students from a variety of multicultural backgrounds use during play time and meal times throughout the day.

* An English-medium school with qualified{{citation needed|date=February 2012}}, professional{{citation needed|date=February 2012}} teachers in each grade school class.
* International Baccalaureate Primary Years Program (IB PYP) Authorized since 2011
* Toddler program for 2-year-olds at the Edelweiss Early Years Campus
* Preschool program for 3 to 5-year-olds at the Edelweiss Years Campus
* Elementary School program for Grades 1 - 5 (ages 6 -11)
* Middle School program for Grade 6 - 8 (ages 11 - 13)

==International Baccalaureate Primary Years Program==

The KIS primary school is authorized to offer the IB PYP curriculum framework for Grades 1 - 5 and Early Years, where they introduce the International Baccalaureate Primary Years Program to the smallest learners (ages 3 to 5 years old). KIS also offers an inquiry-based Toddler Program at their Early Years Campus at Edelweiss. From August 2012, KIS has added a middle school program for grades 6, 7 and 8 based on the IB MYP (International Baccalaureate Middle Years Program)

==Early Years Campus at Edelweiss==

KIS Early Years campus is located at the Edelweiss Ashel Residence gated community, right next door to Almaty’s growing financial district. This is a purpose-built preschool in a popular, green area of the city. KIS Early Years also offers the IB PYP curriculum.

== See also ==
{{portal|Kazakhstan|Schools}}
*[[List of international schools]]
*[[List of schools in Almaty]]

==External links==
* [http://kisnet.org/index.html Kazakhstan International School]
* [http://www.ibo.org/ IB Program]
{{International schools in Kazakhstan}}
{{coord missing|Kazakhstan}}

[[Category:International schools in Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1997]]
[[Category:Education in Almaty]]

Sayramsu River

2016-09-25T22:45:06Z

KylieTastic: Reverted good faith edits by Kitten Lee Jones (talk): Differnt river - Kazakhstan is not Africa . (TW)

{{Unreferenced|date=May 2011}}
The '''Sayramsu River''' (Сайрамсу) is a river of southern [[Kazakhstan]]. It is a tributary of the [[Arys River]].

{{coord missing|Kazakhstan}}

[[Category:Rivers of Kazakhstan]]

{{Kazakhstan-river-stub}}