Toquz Oghuz

2016-03-18T09:55:20Z

Grant65: Disambiguated: Oghuz → Oghuz Turks, Karluk → Karluks

'''Toquz Oghuz''' ([[Old Turkic]]: [[File:Old Turkic letter Z.svg|10px]][[File:Old Turkic letter G1.svg|10px]][[File:Old Turkic letter O.svg|10px]] [[File:Old Turkic letter Z.svg|10px]][[File:Old Turkic letter O.svg|10px]][[File:Old Turkic letter OQ.svg|10px]][[File:Old Turkic letter T1.svg|10px]] ''Toquz Oγuz'')<ref>[http://irq.kaznpu.kz/?lang=e&mod=1&tid=1&oid=15&m=1 Kultegin's Memorial Complex, TÜRK BITIG]</ref> was a political alliance of nine [[Turkic tribes]] in [[Inner Asia]], during the [[early Middle Ages]]. Toquz Oghuz was consolidated within the [[Göktürks|Turkic Kaganate]] (552-743), and remained after the Kaganate fragmented.

''[[Oghuz Turks|Oghuz]]'' is a Turkic word meaning "community" and ''toquz'' means "nine". Similarly the [[Karluks]] were also known as the ''Uch-Oguz'' – ''uch'' meaning "three".<ref>Gumilev L.N. ''Ancient Turks'', Moscow, 'Science', 1967, Ch.5 http://gumilevica.kulichki.net/OT/ot5.htm</ref> The root of the generalized ethnical term "oghuz" is ''og''-, meaning "clan, tribe", which in turn descends from the ancient Turkic word ''og'', meaning "mother". Initially the oguz designated "tribes" or "tribal union", and eventually became an ethnonym.

The Toquz Oghuz were perhaps first mentioned in the [[Orkhon inscriptions]], written in the 730s. The nine tribes were named in Chinese histories as the [[Uyghur people|Uighurs]], the ''Bukhu'', the ''Khun'', the ''Bayirku'', the ''Tongra'', ''Ssu-chieh'' (or ''Sitsze''), ''Ch'i-pi'', ''A-pu-ssu'', and ''Ku-lun-wu-ku''. The first seven named – who lived north of the [[Gobi Desert]] – were dominant, whereas the ''A-pu-ssu'' and ''Ku-lun-wu-ku'' emerged later and were accepted on an equal footing with the others some time after 743. The ''A-pu-ssu'' apparently originated as a sub-tribal group within the ''Ssu-chieh'', and the ''Ku-lun-wu-ku'' as a combination of two other tribes.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia |author=Colin Mackerras |chapter= Chapter 12 - The Uighurs |editor = Denis Sinor |page=320 |isbn=978-0521243049}}</ref>

According to [[Yury Zuev]], ''Ssu-chieh'' or ''Sitsze'' may be a Chinese derivation of an [[endonym]] with a root in ''igil'' – a Turkic root meaning "many" (i.e. ''ssu-chieh'' < ''γiei-kiet'' < ''igil'' ). As such, Zuev has suggested, the tribe may be linked to the [[Uokil]].<ref>[[Wang Pu (chancellor)|Wang Pu]], ''"Summary review of Tang dynasty, 618-907 ([[Tang Huiyao]])"'', Shanghai, 1958, ch. 72, p. 1307, in Yu. Zuev, ''"Early Türks: Sketches of history and ideology"'', p. 45</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:History of the Turkic peoples]]
[[Category:Uyghurs]]
[[Category:Nomadic groups in Eurasia]]
[[Category:Nomads of the Eurasian steppe]]
[[Category:History of Mongolia]]
[[Category:History of Central Asia]]
[[Category:History of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:History of Kyrgyzstan]]
[[Category:History of Uzbekistan]]

{{CAsia-hist-stub}}

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Toquz Oghuz