https://en.encyclopedia.kz/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Gjs238 2026-07-03T07:26:13Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.23.15 https://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/Regina_Vandysheva 2017-04-06T19:42:28Z

<p>Gjs238: removed Category:Miss Universe; added Category:Miss Universe contestants using HotCat</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox pageant titleholder<br /> | name = Regina Vandysheva<br /> | birth_name = Regina Vandysheva<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|10|31}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Almaty]], [[Kazakhstan]]<br /> | hair_color = Brown<br /> | eye_color = Green<br /> | height = {{height|m=1.76}}<br /> | title = [[Miss Kazakhstan|Miss Kazakhstan 2014]]<br /> | competitions = [[Miss Kazakhstan|Miss Kazakhstan 2014]]&lt;br&gt;(Winner)&lt;br&gt;[[Miss World 2015]]&lt;br&gt;(Top 20)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Regina Vandysheva''' (born October 31, 1992) is a [[Kazakhstan]]i athlete and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned [[Miss Kazakhstan|Miss Kazakhstan 2014]] and represented her [[Kazakhstan|country]] at [[Miss World 2015]] pageants.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ph.news.yahoo.com/photos/regina-vandysheva-reacts-winning-2014-miss-kazakhstan-national-photo-185721051.html Miss Kazakhstan 2014 Reacts]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> Currently, Regina is being an Athlete as her professional career. In 2014, Regina was crowned as Miss Almaty 2014. Together at the event the reigning Miss Kazakhstan 2013, [[Aiday Isaeva]] gave a crown to Regina. Automatically she competed at Miss Kazakhstan 2014 National contest.<br /> <br /> ===Miss Kazakhstan 2014===<br /> On November 28,&lt;ref&gt;[http://tengrinews.kz/show/opredelena-miss-kazahstan-2014-266063/ Определена &quot;Мисс Казахстан-2014&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt; 2014 Regina was crowned as Miss Kazakhstan 2014 represented Almaty. The pageant was held in Central Asia at the Republic Palace. Regina had become the 18th woman who named as [[Miss Kazakhstan]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.missosology.info/forum/viewtopic.php?f=4&amp;t=519313 Miss Kazakhstan is Regina Vandysheva from Almaty]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Miss World 2015===<br /> According to the official website of Miss Kazakhstan Organization, Regina joined at [[Miss World 2015]] pageant and placed Top 20.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.misskazakhstan.kz/ Official Miss Kazakhstan website]<br /> {{S-start}}<br /> {{S-ach}}<br /> {{S-bef|before=[[Aynur Toleuova]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[Miss Kazakhstan|Miss World Kazakhstan]]<br /> |years=2014}}<br /> {{S-aft|after=TBD}}<br /> {{S-end}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Vandysheva, Regina}}<br /> [[Category:1992 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Miss Universe contestants]]<br /> [[Category:Kazakhstani beauty pageant winners]]<br /> [[Category:People from Almaty]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Kazakhstan-bio-stub}}<br /> {{Europe-pageant-bio-stub}}<br /> {{Asia-pageant-bio-stub}}</div>

Gjs238 https://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/Zhazira_Nurimbetova 2017-04-06T19:32:44Z

<p>Gjs238: removed Category:Miss Universe; added Category:Miss Universe contestants using HotCat</p> <hr /> <div>{{multiple issues|<br /> {{no footnotes|date=December 2016}}<br /> {{notability|bio|date=December 2016}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Infobox pageant titleholder<br /> | name = Zhazira Nurimbetova<br /> | birth_name = Zhazira Nurimbetova<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1991|10|7}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Kentau]], [[Kazakhstan]]<br /> | height = {{height|m=1.77|precision=0}}<br /> | hair_color = Black<br /> | eye_color = Black<br /> | title = [[Miss Kazakhstan|Miss Kazakhstan 2012]]<br /> | competitions = [[Miss Kazakhstan|Miss Kazakhstan 2012]]&lt;br&gt;(Winner)<br /> }}<br /> '''Zhazira Nurimbetova''' ([[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]: Жазира Нұрымбетова, born October 7, 1991 in [[Kentau]]) is a [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]] [[beauty pageant]] titleholder who was crowned [[Miss Kazakhstan|Miss Kazakhstan 2012]].<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Zhazira Nurimbetova is a student of Economics and Finance.<br /> <br /> ==Pageantry==<br /> <br /> ===Miss Kazakhstan 2012===<br /> After becoming Miss Shymkent, Nurimbetova was crowned Miss Kazakhstan 2012 at the Palace of Independence in Astana on 8 December 2012. Aygerim Kozhakanova, winner of the Miss Almaty pageant, represented Kazakhstan at the Miss Universe 2013 pageant in Moscow due to Nurimbetova's duties to crown the new Miss Kazakhstan on the same day.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.misskazakhstan.kz/ Official Miss Kazakhstan website]<br /> {{S-start}}<br /> {{S-ach}}<br /> {{S-bef|before=[[Aynur Toleuova]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[Miss Kazakhstan]]<br /> |years=2012}}<br /> {{S-aft|after=[[Aiday Isaeva]]}}<br /> {{S-end}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Nurimbetova, Zhazira}}<br /> [[Category:Miss Universe contestants]]<br /> [[Category:1991 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:People from Kentau]]<br /> [[Category:Kazakhstani beauty pageant winners]]</div>

Gjs238 https://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/Aiday_Isaeva 2017-04-06T19:07:58Z

<p>Gjs238: removed Category:Miss Universe; added Category:Miss Universe 2014 contestants using HotCat</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox pageant titleholder<br /> | name = Aiday Isaeva<br /> | image= <br /> | birth_date= {{birth date and age|1989|4|19|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Almaty]], [[Kazakhstan]]<br /> | hair_color = Black<br /> | eye_color = Black<br /> | height = {{height|m=1.79}}<br /> | title = [[Miss Kazakhstan]] 2013<br /> | competitions = [[Miss Kazakhstan]] 2013&lt;br /&gt;(Winner)&lt;br /&gt;[[Miss Universe 2014]]&lt;br /&gt;(Unplaced)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Aiday Isaeva''' ([[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]: Айдай Исаева, born 19 April 1989 in [[Almaty]]) is a [[Kazakhstan|Kazakh]] beauty pageant titleholder. She was crowned [[Miss Kazakhstan]] 2013. Isaeva represented [[Kazakhstan]] at the [[Miss Universe 2014]] pageant.<br /> <br /> == Life and career ==<br /> Aiday is a student of medicine at the Kazakh National Medical University.<br /> <br /> == Pageantry ==<br /> <br /> === Miss Kazakhstan 2008 ===<br /> Having the Miss Shymkent title, Aiday previously participated in Miss Kazakhstan 2008.<br /> <br /> === Miss Kazakhstan 2013 ===<br /> Aiday was crowned as Miss Kazakhstan 2013 represented Almaty at the national pageant at the Palace of the Republic in [[Almaty]], Kazakhstan, on December 5, 2013.<br /> <br /> === Miss Universe 2014 ===<br /> Aiday competed at the [[Miss Universe 2014]] pageant but Unplaced.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *[http://www.misskazakhstan.kz/ Official Miss Kazakhstan website]<br /> {{S-start}}<br /> {{S-ach}}<br /> {{S-bef|before=[[Zhazira Nurimbetova]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[Miss Kazakhstan]]<br /> |years=2013}}<br /> {{S-aft|after=[[Regina Vandysheva]]}}<br /> {{S-end}}<br /> {{S-start}}<br /> {{S-ach}}<br /> {{S-bef|before=[[Aygerim Kozhakanova]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[Miss Kazakhstan|Miss Universe Kazakhstan]]<br /> |years=2014}}<br /> {{S-aft|after=[[Regina Valter]]}}<br /> {{S-end}}<br /> {{Miss Universe 2014 delegates}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Isaeva, Aiday}}<br /> [[Category:Miss Universe 2014 contestants]]<br /> [[Category:Kazakhstani beauty pageant winners]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:People from Almaty]]<br /> [[Category:1989 births]]</div>

Gjs238 https://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/Kuurdak 2017-03-31T12:46:38Z

<p>Gjs238: added Category:Turkmenistan cuisine using HotCat</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox prepared food<br /> | name = Kuurdak<br /> | image = File:Kazakh quwyrdaq.jpg<br /> | caption = Kuurdak being prepared<br /> | alternate_name = <br /> | country = Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan<br /> | region = Central Asia<br /> | creator = <br /> | course = <br /> | type = <br /> | served = <br /> | main_ingredient = [[mutton]], [[onion]], vegetable oil or animal fat<br /> | variations = <br /> | calories = <br /> | other = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Kuurdak''' ({{lang-ky|куурдак}}, {{lang-kz|куырдак}}, {{lang-tk|gowurdak}}; Говурдак, {{ug|قورداق, ''қордақ''|qordaq}}, {{lang-uz|qovurdoq}}), transliterated with various spellings, is a traditional meat dish made in [[Central Asia]], especially among the [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]]. The name comes from a [[nominalisation]] of the word &quot;roast&quot;, &quot;fried&quot;, referring to how the food is made. It is described as &quot;stewed brown meat&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.kyrgyzchildrensfuture.org/kyrgyz-culture/kyrgyz-recipes/kuurdak-chyz-byz/]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kuurdak is one of the main and oldest dishes in [[Kyrgyz cuisine]]. Kuurdak is usually made from [[mutton]], fat and onion, it can be made using [[beef]] or any other kind of meat except pork. In [[Kazakh cuisine]] kuurdak made from sheep's liver, kidney, heart and lungs.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of lamb dishes]]<br /> * [[List of Uzbek dishes]]<br /> * {{portal-inline|Food}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> *[http://ianbek.kg/?p=12993 Kuurdak description and etymology]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Central Asian cuisine]]<br /> [[Category:Kyrgyz cuisine]]<br /> [[Category:Kazakhstani cuisine]]<br /> [[Category:Uzbekistani cuisine]]<br /> [[Category:Lamb dishes]]<br /> [[Category:National dishes]]<br /> [[Category:Turkmenistan cuisine]]<br /> <br /> {{Kyrgyzstan-stub}}<br /> {{CAsia-stub}}</div>

Gjs238 https://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/Genocide_Convention 2017-03-26T15:52:23Z

<p>Gjs238: removed Category:Treaties extended to Cocos (Keeling) Islands; added Category:Treaties extended to the Cocos (Keeling) Islands using HotCat</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2011}}<br /> {{Infobox Treaty<br /> | name = Genocide Convention<br /> | long_name = Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide<br /> | image =<br /> | image_width =<br /> | caption =<br /> | type =<br /> | date_drafted =<br /> | date_signed = 9 December 1948<br /> | location_signed = Paris<br /> | date_sealed =<br /> | date_effective = 12 January 1951<br /> | condition_effective =<br /> | date_expiration =<br /> | signatories = 41<br /> | parties = 143 ([[List of parties to the Genocide Convention|Complete List]])<br /> | depositor = [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]]<br /> | languages =<br /> | website =<br /> | wikisource =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide''' was adopted by the [[United Nations General Assembly]] on 9 December 1948 as '''General Assembly Resolution 260'''. The Convention entered into force on 12 January 1951.&lt;ref&gt;[http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=UNTSONLINE&amp;tabid=2&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-1&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en#Participants Status of the Convention]&lt;/ref&gt; It defines [[genocide]] in legal terms, and is the culmination of years of campaigning by lawyer [[Raphael Lemkin]].&lt;ref&gt;Auron, Yair, ''The Banality of Denial'', (Transaction Publishers, 2004), 9.&lt;/ref&gt; All participating countries are advised to prevent and punish actions of genocide in war and in peacetime. The number of states that have ratified the convention is currently 143.<br /> <br /> ==Definition of genocide==<br /> Article 2 of the Convention defines genocide as<br /> {{quotation|...any of the following acts committed with [[Genocide#.22Intent to destroy.22|intent to destroy]], [[Genocide#.22In part.22|in whole or in part]], a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:<br /> :(a) Killing members of the group;<br /> :(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;<br /> :(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;<br /> :(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;<br /> :(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.|Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Article 2&lt;ref name=&quot;Convention-text&quot;&gt;[http://www.hrweb.org/legal/genocide.html Text of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide], website of the [[UNHCHR]].&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> Article 3 defines the crimes that can be punished under the convention:<br /> {{quotation|<br /> : (a) Genocide;<br /> : (b) Conspiracy to commit genocide;<br /> : (c) Direct and public incitement to commit genocide;<br /> : (d) Attempt to commit genocide;<br /> : (e) Complicity in genocide.|Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Article 3&lt;ref name=&quot;Convention-text&quot;/&gt;}}<br /> <br /> The convention was passed to outlaw actions similar to [[the Holocaust]] by [[Nazi Germany]] during [[World War II]]. The first draft of the Convention included political killings, but the [[Soviet Union|USSR]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Robert Gellately &amp; Ben Kiernan |title=The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |year=2003 |isbn=0-521-52750-3 | pages= 267 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Ay76mYBLU3sC&amp;pg=PA267&amp;dq=where+Stalin+was+presumably+anxious+to+avoid+his+purges+being+subjected+to+genocidal+scrutiny&amp;ie=ISO-8859-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; along with some other nations would not accept that actions against groups identified as holding similar political opinions or social status would constitute genocide,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Staub, Ervin |title=The Roots of Evil: The Origins of Genocide and Other Group Violence |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |pages= 8|isbn=0-521-42214-0 |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=29u-vt_KgGEC&amp;pg=PA8&amp;lpg=PA8&amp;dq=genocide+political+economic+groups+soviet+union#PPA8,M1}}]&lt;/ref&gt; so these stipulations were subsequently removed in a political and diplomatic compromise.<br /> <br /> ==Parties==<br /> {{Main article|List of parties to the Genocide Convention}}<br /> [[Image:Genocide Convention Participation.svg|right|300px|thumb| Participation in the Genocide Convention<br /> {{legend|#00aa00|Signed and ratified}}<br /> {{legend|#008000|Acceded or succeeded}}<br /> {{legend|#eeee00|Only signed}}<br /> ]]<br /> [[Treaty#Reservations|Provisos]] granting [[immunity from prosecution (international law)|immunity from prosecution]] for genocide without its consent were made by Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, the United States, Vietnam, Yemen, and [[Yugoslavia]].&lt;ref&gt;Prevent Genocide International: [http://www.preventgenocide.org/law/convention/reservations/ Declarations and Reservations to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;United Nations Treaty Collection: [http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-1&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020233944/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-1&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |date=20 October 2012 }}, STATUS AS AT: 01-10-2011 07:22:22 EDT&lt;/ref&gt; Prior to its ratification of the convention, the [[United States Senate]] was treated to a speech by Senator [[William Proxmire]] in favor of this treaty every day that the Senate was in session between 1967 and 1986.<br /> <br /> ===Reservations===<br /> <br /> ====Immunity from prosecutions====<br /> <br /> {{quotation|Persons charged with genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III shall be tried by a competent tribunal of the State in the territory of which the act was committed, or by such [[International Criminal Court|international penal tribunal]] as may have [[jurisdiction]] with respect to those Contracting Parties which shall have accepted its jurisdiction.|Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Article 6&lt;ref name=&quot;Convention-text&quot;/&gt;}}<br /> <br /> {{quotation|Any Contracting Party may call upon the competent organs of the United Nations to take such action under the Charter of the United Nations as they consider appropriate for the prevention and suppression of acts of genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III.|Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Article 8&lt;ref name=&quot;Convention-text&quot;/&gt;}}<br /> <br /> {{quotation|Disputes between the Contracting Parties relating to the interpretation, application or fulfilment of the present Convention, including those relating to the responsibility of a State for genocide or for any of the other acts enumerated in article III, shall be submitted to the International Court of Justice at the request of any of the parties to the dispute.|Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Article 9&lt;ref name=&quot;Convention-text&quot;/&gt;}}<br /> <br /> *{{flagicon|Bahrain}} Bahrain<br /> *{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} Bangladesh<br /> *{{flagicon|PRC}} China<br /> *{{flagicon|India}} India<br /> *{{flagicon|Malaysia}} Malaysia (reservation opposed by Netherlands, United Kingdom)<br /> *{{flagicon|Morocco}} Morocco<br /> *{{flagicon|Myanmar}} Myanmar<br /> *{{flagicon|Philippines}} Philippines (reservation opposed by Norway )<br /> *{{flagicon|Rwanda}} Rwanda (reservation opposed by United Kingdom )<br /> *{{flagicon|Singapore}} Singapore (reservation opposed by Netherlands, United Kingdom)<br /> *{{flagicon|UAE}} United Arab Emirates<br /> *{{flagicon|USA}} United States of America (reservation opposed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom )<br /> *{{flagicon|Venezuela}} Venezuela <br /> *{{flagicon|Vietnam}} Vietnam (reservation opposed by United Kingdom )<br /> *{{flagicon|Yemen}} Yemen (reservation opposed by United Kingdom )<br /> *{{flagicon|Yugoslavia}} Yugoslavia (Montenegro, Serbia, ...)<br /> <br /> ==== Application to Non-Self-Governing Territories ====<br /> <br /> {{quotation|Any Contracting Party may at any time, by notification addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, extend the application of the present Convention to all or any of the territories for the conduct of whose foreign relations that Contracting Party is responsible|Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Article 12&lt;ref name=&quot;Convention-text&quot;/&gt;}}<br /> <br /> Several countries opposed this article, considering that the convention should apply to Non-Self-Governing Territories:<br /> *{{flagicon|Albania}} Albania<br /> *{{flagicon|Belarus}} Belarus <br /> *{{flagicon|Bulgaria}} Bulgaria <br /> *{{flagicon|Hungary}} Hungary <br /> *{{flagicon|Mongolia}} Mongolia<br /> *{{flagicon|Myanmar}} Myanmar<br /> *{{flagicon|Poland}} Poland <br /> *{{flagicon|Romania}} Romania <br /> *{{flagicon|Russia}} Russian Federation<br /> *{{flagicon|Ukraine}} Ukraine<br /> <br /> The opposition of those countries were in turn opposed by:<br /> *{{flagicon|Australia}} Australia<br /> *{{flagicon|Belgium}} Belgium<br /> *{{flagicon|Brazil}} Brazil<br /> *{{flagicon|Ecuador}} Ecuador<br /> *{{flagicon|PRC}} China<br /> *{{flagicon|Netherlands}} Netherlands<br /> *{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} Sri Lanka<br /> *{{flagicon|UK}} United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland<br /> <br /> == Breaches ==<br /> <br /> === Rwanda ===<br /> The first time that the 1948 law was enforced occurred on 2 September 1998 when the [[International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda]] found [[Jean-Paul Akayesu]], the former mayor of a small town in Rwanda, guilty of nine counts of genocide. The lead prosecutor in this case was [[Pierre-Richard Prosper]]. Two days later, [[Jean Kambanda]] became the first head of government to be convicted of genocide.<br /> <br /> === Yugoslavia ===<br /> The first state to be found in breach of the Genocide convention was Serbia. In the ''[[Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro]]'' case the International Court of Justice presented its judgment on 26 February 2007. It cleared Serbia of direct involvement in [[genocide]] during the Bosnian war,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSL26638724._CH_.2400<br /> |agency=Reuters |title=Serbia cleared of genocide, failed to stop killing |date=26 February 2007 | first=Alexandra | last=Hudson}}&lt;/ref&gt; but ruled that [[Belgrade]] did breach international law by failing to prevent the 1995 [[Srebrenica genocide]], and for failing to try or transfer the persons accused of genocide to the [[ICTY]], in order to comply with its obligations under Articles I and VI of the Genocide Convention, in particular in respect of General [[Ratko Mladić]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?sum=667&amp;code=bhy&amp;p1=3&amp;p2=2&amp;case=91&amp;k=f4&amp;p3=5 ICJ:Summary of the Judgment of 26 February 2007 – Bosnia v. Serbia]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/27/world/europe/27hague.html?ref=world Court Declares Bosnia Killings Were Genocide] The New York Times, 26 February 2007. A copy of the ICJ judgement can be found [http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/idocket/ibhy/ibhyjudgment/ibhy_ijudgment_20070226_frame.htm here]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Other accusations ==<br /> <br /> ===United States===<br /> One of the first accusations of genocide submitted to the UN after the Convention entered into force concerned treatment of [[Black people]] in the United States. The [[Civil Rights Congress]] drafted a 237-page petition arguing that even after 1945, the United States had been responsible for hundreds of wrongful deaths, both legal and extra-legal, as well as numerous other genocidal abuses. Leaders from the Black community, including [[William L. Patterson|William Patterson]], [[Paul Robeson]], and [[W. E. B. DuBois]] presented this petition to the UN in December 1951.&lt;ref name=Docker&gt;John Docker, &quot;[http://epress.anu.edu.au/apps/bookworm/view/Humanities+Research+Vol+XVI.+No.+2.+2010/5271/docker.xhtml Raphaël Lemkin, creator of the concept of genocide: a world history perspective]&quot;, ''Humanities Research'' 16(2), 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|Genocide}}<br /> *[[Armenian Genocide]]<br /> *[[Command responsibility]]<br /> *[[Human rights abuse]]<br /> *[[International law]]<br /> *[[International human rights law]]<br /> *[[War crimes]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{wikisource|Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide}}<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> * Henham, Ralph J.; Chalfont, Paul; Behrens, Paul (Editors 2007). ''The criminal law of genocide: international, comparative and contextual aspects'', Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., ISBN 0-7546-4898-2, ISBN 978-0-7546-4898-7 [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=oBpEVAY0SqQC&amp;pg=PA98&amp;dq=genocide+ad+hoc#PPA98,M1 p. 98]<br /> * [http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/cppcg/cppcg.html Introductory note] by [[William Schabas]] and [http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/cppcg/cppcg.html procedural history note] on the Genocide Convention in the [http://legal.un.org/avl/historicarchives.html Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law]<br /> <br /> {{International human rights legal instruments}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Genocide Convention}}<br /> [[Category:Human rights instruments]]<br /> [[Category:United Nations treaties]]<br /> [[Category:International criminal law treaties]]<br /> [[Category:Genocide]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties concluded in 1948]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties entered into force in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Afghanistan]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Algeria]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Andorra]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Argentina]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Armenia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Australia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Austria]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Azerbaijan]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Bahamas]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Bahrain]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Bangladesh]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Barbados]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Belgium]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Belize]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Bolivia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Second Brazilian Republic]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Burkina Faso]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Myanmar]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Burundi]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the French Protectorate of Cambodia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Canada]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Chile]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of China]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Republic of China (1949–71)]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Colombia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Comoros]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Costa Rica]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Ivory Coast]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Croatia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Cuba]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Cyprus]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Czech Republic]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Czechoslovakia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Denmark]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Ecuador]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Egypt]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of El Salvador]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Estonia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Ethiopian Empire]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Fiji]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Finland]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the French Fourth Republic]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Gabon]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Gambia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Georgia (country)]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of West Germany]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of East Germany]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Ghana]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Guatemala]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Guinea]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Guinea-Bissau]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Haiti]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Honduras]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Iceland]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of India]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Pahlavi dynasty]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Iraqi Republic (1958–68)]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Israel]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Italy]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Jamaica]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Jordan]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Kazakhstan]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Kuwait]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Laos]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Latvia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Lebanon]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Lesotho]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Liberia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Liechtenstein]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Lithuania]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Luxembourg]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Malaysia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Maldives]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Mali]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Mexico]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Moldova]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Monaco]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Mongolian People's Republic]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Montenegro]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Morocco]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of Mozambique]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Namibia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Nepal]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Netherlands]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of New Zealand]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Nicaragua]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of North Korea]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Norway]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Pakistan]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Panama]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Papua New Guinea]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Paraguay]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Peru]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Philippines]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Portugal]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Republic of Macedonia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Romania]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Soviet Union]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Rwanda]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Saudi Arabia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Senegal]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Yugoslavia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Seychelles]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Singapore]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Slovakia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Slovenia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of South Africa]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of South Korea]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Francoist Spain]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Dominion of Ceylon]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Republic of the Sudan (1985–2011)]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Sweden]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Switzerland]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Syrian Republic (1930–58)]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Tanzania]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Togo]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Tonga]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Tunisia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Turkey]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Uganda]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the United Arab Emirates]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the United States]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Uruguay]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Uzbekistan]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Vietnam]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of South Yemen]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Yemen Arab Republic]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Zimbabwe]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Ireland]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Cape Verde]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of South Vietnam]]<br /> [[Category:1948 in France]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties adopted by United Nations General Assembly resolutions]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to Bermuda]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to Guernsey]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to Jersey]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to Gibraltar]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to the Isle of Man]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to the Turks and Caicos Islands]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to the Pitcairn Islands]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to Norfolk Island]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to Ashmore and Cartier Islands]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to the Australian Antarctic Territory]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to Heard Island and McDonald Islands]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to the Cocos (Keeling) Islands]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to Christmas Island]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to the Coral Sea Islands]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to Greenland]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to the Nauru Trust Territory]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to the Territory of Papua and New Guinea]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to the Belgian Congo]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to Ruanda-Urundi]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of the Bahamas]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to British Dominica]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Fiji]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to British Grenada]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to British Saint Lucia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to British Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Seychelles]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to the Kingdom of Tonga (1900–70)]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to British Hong Kong]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to Portuguese Macau]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties extended to West Berlin]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Polish People's Republic]]</div>

Gjs238 https://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/File:Soviet_Border_Guard_sleeve_patch.jpg 2017-03-22T23:20:50Z

<p>Gjs238: </p> <hr /> <div>== Summary ==<br /> {{Information<br /> |Description = Soviet Border Guard sleeve patch<br /> |Source = Department of Defense<br /> |Date = 10:46, 8 April 2010 (UTC)<br /> |Author = www.dod.mil<br /> |Permission = <br /> |other_versions = <br /> }}<br /> == Licensing ==<br /> {{PD-USGov}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Soviet Union]]<br /> [[Category:Hammer and sickle]]<br /> <br /> {{Copy to Wikimedia Commons|bot=Svenbot|priority=true}}</div>

Gjs238 https://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/Protocol_on_Incendiary_Weapons 2017-03-19T13:26:38Z

<p>Gjs238: fix cat</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox treaty<br /> | name = Protocol on Incendiary Weapons<br /> | long_name = Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the use of Incendiary Weapons<br /> | image =<br /> | image_width =<br /> | caption =<br /> | type =<br /> | context = [[Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons]]<br /> | date_drafted = <br /> | date_signed = <br /> | location_signed = <br /> | date_sealed =<br /> | date_effective = {{start date|1983|12|2|df=y}}<br /> | condition_effective = 20<br /> | date_expiration =<br /> | original_signatories = <br /> | parties = 112&lt;ref name=status&gt;{{cite web |title=Protocol III to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons which may be deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to have Indiscriminate Effects: Status of the Protocol |publisher=[[United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs|UNODA]] |url=http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/t/ccwc_p3/text |accessdate=23 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | depositor = [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|UN Secretary-General]]<br /> | languages = Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish<br /> | wikisource =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the use of Incendiary Weapons''' is a [[United Nations]] [[multilateral treaty|treaty]] that restricts the use of [[incendiary weapon]]s. It is Protocol III to the 1980 [[Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons]]. Concluded in 1981, it entered into force on 2 December 1983. {{as of|2016}}, it has been adopted by 112 state parties.&lt;ref name=status /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Content==<br /> The protocol prohibits, in all circumstances, making the civilian population as such, individual civilians or civilian objects, the object of attack by any weapon or munition which is primarily designed to set fire to objects or to cause burn injury to persons through the action of [[flame]], [[heat]] or a combination thereof, produced by a [[chemical reaction]] of a substance delivered on the target. The protocol also prohibits the use of air-delivered [[incendiary weapons]] against military targets within a concentration of civilians, and limits the use of incendiary weapons delivered by other means. Forest and other plants may not be a target unless they are used to conceal combatants or other military objectives.&lt;ref name=&quot;ICRC1980Factsheet&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.icrc.org/en/document/1980-convention-certain-conventional-weapons#.VKkpP2SG-rY | title=1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons – Factsheet | publisher=International Committee of the Red Cross | date=March 2014 | accessdate=4 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ICRC P3&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule84 | title=Rule 84. The Protection of Civilians and Civilian Objects from the Effects of Incendiary Weapons | publisher=International Committee of the Red Cross | accessdate=11 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Protocol III lists certain munition types like [[smoke shell]]s which only have a secondary or additional incendiary effect; these munition types are not considered to be incendiary weapons.&lt;ref name=text&gt;{{cite web |title=Protocol III to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons which may be deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to have Indiscriminate Effects: Text of the Protocol |publisher=UNODA |url=http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/t/ccwc_p3/text |accessdate=23 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/t/ccwc_p3 Text and signatories of the protocol]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices, Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of}}<br /> [[Category:Incendiary weapons]]<br /> [[Category:International humanitarian law treaties]]<br /> [[Category:United Nations treaties]]<br /> [[Category:Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties concluded in 1981]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties entered into force in 1983]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Albania]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Algeria]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Argentina]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Australia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Austria]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Bahrain]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Bangladesh]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Belarus]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Benin]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Belgium]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Bolivia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Brazil]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Bulgaria]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Burkina Faso]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Cambodia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Canada]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Cape Verde]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Chile]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of China]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Colombia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Costa Rica]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Croatia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Cuba]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Cyprus]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Czech Republic]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Denmark]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Djibouti]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Ecuador]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of El Salvador]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Estonia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Finland]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of France]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Gabon]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Georgia (country)]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Germany]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Greece]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Grenada]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Guatemala]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Guinea-Bissau]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Holy See]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Honduras]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Hungary]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Iceland]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of India]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Ireland]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Italy]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Jamaica]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Japan]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Jordan]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Kazakhstan]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Kuwait]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Laos]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Latvia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Lesotho]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Liberia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Liechtenstein]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Lithuania]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Luxembourg]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Republic of Macedonia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Madagascar]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Maldives]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Mali]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Malta]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Mauritius]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Mexico]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Moldova]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Mongolia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Montenegro]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Nauru]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Netherlands]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of New Zealand]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Nicaragua]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Niger]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Norway]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Pakistan]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Palestine]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Panama]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Paraguay]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Peru]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the Philippines]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Poland]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Portugal]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Qatar]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Romania]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Russia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Saudi Arabia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Senegal]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Serbia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Seychelles]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Sierra Leone]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Slovakia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Slovenia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of South Africa]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Spain]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Sri Lanka]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Sweden]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Switzerland]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Tajikistan]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Togo]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Tunisia]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Uganda]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Ukraine]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the United States]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Uruguay]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Venezuela]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of Zambia]]</div>

Gjs238 https://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/Category:Kazakhstani_television_people 2017-03-16T02:18:43Z

<p>Gjs238: ←Created page with '{{Portal|Kazakhstan|Biography|Television}} {{Fooian fooers | Profession = television people | Nationality = Kazakhstani | Country = Kazakhstan | Supercategor...'</p> <hr /> <div>{{Portal|Kazakhstan|Biography|Television}}<br /> {{Fooian fooers<br /> | Profession = television people<br /> | Nationality = Kazakhstani<br /> | Country = Kazakhstan<br /> | Supercategory = media people<br /> | Supercategory2 = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Television in Kazakhstan| People]]</div>

Gjs238 https://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/Category:Kazakhstani_filmmakers 2017-03-16T02:17:37Z

<p>Gjs238: ←Created page with 'Category:Filmmakers by nationality Filmmakers'</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Filmmakers by nationality]]<br /> [[Category:Kazakhstani film people|Filmmakers]]</div>

Gjs238 https://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/File:AlmatyMetroLogo.png 2017-03-04T16:24:19Z

<p>Gjs238: -Category:Rapid transit icons of Kazakhstan; -Category:M (metro) using HotCat</p> <hr /> <div>{{Information<br /> |Description={{en|Logo of the [[:en:Almaty Metro|Almaty Metro]], part of the rapid transit network serving [[:en:Almaty|Almaty]], [[:en:Almaty|Kazakhstan]]<br /> <br /> Source: Self-drawn, based on photographs}}<br /> |Source=[http://www.almaty-metro.narod.ru/]<br /> |Date=Original upload date: {{date|2017-01-03}}<br /> |Author={{original uploader|Shadowzpaev|wikipedia|en}}<br /> |Permission=<br /> |other_versions=<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == {{int:license-header}} ==<br /> {{PD-textlogo}}<br /> &lt;!-- Templates &quot;Template:Jb2move&quot;, were used in the original description page as well , but do not appear to exist on commons. --&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Almaty Metro]]</div>

Gjs238 https://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/Gornyak_Rudny 2017-02-22T16:24:43Z

<p>Gjs238: removed Category:Sport in Rudny, Kazakhstan using HotCat</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox Pro hockey team<br /> | current = <br /> | text_color = FireBrick<br /> | bg_color = black<br /> | team = Gornyak Rudny<br /> | logo = Gornyak Rudny Logo.png<br /> | logosize = 220px<br /> | city = [[Rudniy|Rudny]], [[Kazakhstan]]<br /> | league = [[Kazakhstan Hockey Championship|Kazakhstan Championship]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;1998-present&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | conference = <br /> | division = <br /> | founded = 1958<br /> | arena = [[Rudny Ice Palace]]<br /> | uniform = <br /> | colors = Black, red, white&lt;br&gt;{{Color box|black}} {{Color box|FireBrick}} {{Color box|#FFFFFF}} <br /> | owner = <br /> | GM = <br /> | coach = <br /> | captain = <br /> &lt;!---Franchise history---&gt;<br /> | name1 = Gornyak Rudny<br /> | dates1 = 1958-1971<br /> | name2 = Vympel Rudny<br /> | dates2 = 1971-1979<br /> | name3 = Gornyak Rudny<br /> | dates3 = 1979-1998<br /> | name4 = Amid Rudny<br /> | dates4 = 1998-2000<br /> | name5 = Kuat Rudny<br /> | dates5 = 2000-2002<br /> | name6 = Gornyak Rudny<br /> | dates6 = 2002–present<br /> | website = [http://www.hc-gornyak.kz/ www.hc-gornyak.kz]<br /> &lt;!---Championships---&gt;<br /> |reg_season_titles =<br /> }}<br /> '''Hockey Club Gornyak''' ({{lang-kk|Горняк хоккей клубы}}) is a professional ice hockey team that plays in the [[Kazakhstan Hockey Championship]], the top level of ice hockey in [[Kazakhstan]]. They were founded in 1958, when Kazakhstan was part of the [[Soviet Union]]. Their team colors are black and white. They play at the Rudny Ice Palace.<br /> <br /> ==Head coaches==<br /> * [[Sergei Mogilnikov]], 2003–07<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{Official website|http://www.hc-gornyak.kz/}}<br /> *[http://www.eliteprospects.com/team.php?team=2502 Team profile]<br /> <br /> {{Kazakhstan Hockey Championship}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Ice hockey teams in Kazakhstan]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Kazakhstan-sport-stub}}<br /> {{Europe-icehockey-team-stub}}</div>

Gjs238 https://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/Category:Snowboarding_at_the_2017_Winter_Universiade 2017-02-14T16:32:44Z

<p>Gjs238: ←Created page with 'Winter Universiade Snowboarding 2017 [...'</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:2017 in snowboarding|Winter Universiade]]<br /> [[Category:2017 Winter Universiade|Snowboarding]]<br /> [[Category:Snowboarding at the Winter Universiade|2017]]<br /> [[Category:International winter sports competitions hosted in Spain]]</div>

Gjs238 https://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/Category:Alpine_skiing_at_the_2017_Winter_Universiade 2017-02-08T14:31:23Z

<p>Gjs238: ←Created page with 'Alpine skiing 2017 Category:2017 in alpine skiing'</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:2017 Winter Universiade|Alpine skiing]]<br /> [[Category:Alpine skiing at the Winter Universiade|2017]]<br /> [[Category:2017 in alpine skiing]]</div>

Gjs238 https://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/Category:Ski_jumping_at_the_2017_Winter_Universiade 2017-02-01T13:55:53Z

<p>Gjs238: ←Created page with 'Ski jumping 2017 Category:2017 in ski jumping'</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:2017 Winter Universiade|Ski jumping]]<br /> [[Category:Ski jumping at the Winter Universiade|2017]]<br /> [[Category:2017 in ski jumping]]</div>

Gjs238 https://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/Taman_Peninsula 2017-01-12T00:56:05Z

<p>Gjs238: lead article of category</p> <hr /> <div>{{Other uses|Taman (disambiguation)}}<br /> {{Refimprove|date=December 2006}}<br /> <br /> {{Coord|45|11|08|N|36|47|28|E|display=title|region:RU_type:landmark_source:dewiki}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Taman map.png|thumb|left|300px|A map of the Taman peninsula, c. 1870. The [[Temryuk Bay]] is shown at the centre, and the [[Taman Bay]] is at the bottom left.]]<br /> <br /> The '''Taman Peninsula''' ({{lang-ru|Тама́нский полуо́стров}}, ''Tamanskiy poluostrov''), a [[peninsula]] in the present-day [[Krasnodar Krai]] of [[Russia]], borders on the north with the [[Sea of Azov]], on the west with the [[Strait of Kerch]] and on the south with the [[Black Sea]].&lt;ref name=&quot;German Archaeological Institute&quot;&gt;[http://www.dainst.org/index_679f6b74bb1f14a184730017f0000011_en.html &quot;Greek colonization in the northern Black Sea area&quot;]. German Archaeological Institute. Retrieved 4 April 2010.<br /> &lt;/ref&gt; The area has evolved over the past two millennia from a chain of islands into today's peninsula. In ancient times the [[Pontic Greek]] colonies of [[Hermonassa]] and [[Phanagoria]] stood on the peninsula, as did the later city of [[Tmutarakan]].<br /> <br /> [[File:Bronze Axe 6th cent BC Hermitage Museum.JPG|thumb|left|320px|Bronze [[Axe]], 6th century BC, Taman peninsula, {{as of | 2014 | lc = on}} at the [[Hermitage Museum]].]]<br /> <br /> The [[Maeotae]] and [[Sindi (people)|Sindi]] settled in the area from ancient times. In the [[classical antiquity|classical period]] it became part of the [[Bosporan kingdom]]; its inhabitants included [[Sarmatians]], [[Greek people|Greeks]], [[Anatolia]]n settlers from [[Pontus]], and [[Jews]]. In the 4th century CE the area fell to the [[Huns]]; it was later the capital of [[Great Bulgaria]] and fell to the [[Khazars]] in the mid-7th century. Following the breakup of the Khazar [[Khaganate]] in c. 969, the peninsula formed part of a Khazar Jewish [[successor state]] under a ruler named [[David of Taman|David]]. By the late 980s it came largely into the possession of the [[Kievan Rus]] and of the [[Rus' people|Russian]] Principality of Tmutarakan before falling to the [[Kipchaks]] c. 1100. The [[Mongol]]s seized the area in 1239 and it became a possession of [[Genoa]], along with [[Gazaria (Genoese colonies)|Gazaria]] in [[Crimea]], in 1419.<br /> <br /> [[File:Taman mud volcanoes.JPG|thumb|250px|A typical [[mud volcano]] near the village of [[Taman, Russia|Taman]]]]<br /> <br /> For most of the 15th century the [[Guizolfi]] (Ghisolfi) family, founded by the Genoese Jew Simeone de Guizolfi, ruled the peninsula on behalf of Gazaria. The rulership of the region by Jewish [[consul]]s, commissioners or princes has sparked much debate over the extent to which Khazar Judaism survived in southern Russia during this period. The [[Khanate of Crimea]] seized the Taman Peninsula in 1483. Either {{citation needed|date=October 2015}} It fell to the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1783. In 1791, during the [[Russo-Turkish War (1787–92)]], it passed into the control of the [[Russian Empire]]. Russia ceded it back to the Ottomans in 1792. It finally passed to Russia in 1828.} or { &lt;ref&gt;Tsutsiev, Atalas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus,2004&lt;/ref&gt; It was a Turkish Sanjak under the Eyalet of Kaffa and passed to Russia in 1784}.<br /> <br /> For much of the succeeding century, the area was sparsely populated. The largest settlement was the [[Cossacks|Cossack]] town (later a ''[[stanitsa]]'') of [[Taman, Russia|Taman]], succeeded by the port town of [[Temryuk]] in modern times. [[Mikhail Lermontov]] describes the town of Taman (disparagingly) in his novel, ''[[A Hero of Our Time]]''. The peninsula contains small [[mud volcano]]es and deposits of [[natural gas]] and [[petroleum]].<br /> <br /> The German [[Wehrmacht]] and the [[Romanian Land Forces|Romanian Army]] occupied the Taman Peninsula in 1942; the Soviet [[Red Army]] recovered it in 1943.&lt;ref&gt;Robert Forczyk, ''The Caucasus 1942–43: Kleist’s race for oil''&lt;/ref&gt; The story of the motion picture ''[[Cross of Iron]]'' revolves around conflicts that arise within the leadership of a Wehrmacht regiment during the German retreat from the Kuban bridgehead.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Taman Peninsula| ]]<br /> [[Category:Peninsulas of Russia]]<br /> [[Category:Landforms of Krasnodar Krai]]<br /> [[Category:Khazars]]<br /> [[Category:Bosporan Kingdom]]</div>

Gjs238 https://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/Category:Kazakhstani_expatriates_in_Spain 2016-11-23T22:33:00Z

<p>Gjs238: ←Created page with 'Spain Category:Expatriates in Spain'</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Kazakhstani expatriates|Spain]]<br /> [[Category:Expatriates in Spain]]</div>

Gjs238 https://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/Iris_lactea 2016-11-05T23:19:07Z

<p>Gjs238: removed Category:Flora of Kashmir using HotCat</p> <hr /> <div>{{italic title}}{{taxobox<br /> |name = Iris lactea<br /> |image = Iris lactea 03.JPG<br /> |regnum = [[Plantae]]<br /> |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]<br /> |unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]<br /> |ordo = [[Asparagales]]<br /> |familia = [[Iridaceae]]<br /> |subfamilia = [[Iridoideae]]<br /> |tribus = [[Irideae]]<br /> |genus = ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]''<br /> |subgenus = ''[[Iris subg. Limniris|Limniris]]''<br /> |species = '''''Iris lactea'''''<br /> |binomial = ''Iris lactea''<br /> |binomial_authority = [[Peter Simon Pallas|Pall.]] <br /> |synonyms = {{Species list|Eremiris lactea|(Pall.) Rodion.|Iris fragrans|Lindl. (Illegitimate)|Iris haematophylla|Fisch. ex Link|Iris lactea var. lactea|(Unknown) |Iris longispatha|Fisch. ex Sims|Iris moorcroftiana|Wall. ex D.Don|Iris oxypetala|C.A.Mey.(Illegitimate)|Iris sibirica var. haematophylla |(Fisch. ex Link) Turcz.|Iris sibirica subsp. triflora|(Balb.) Nyman|Iris triflora|Balb.|Joniris fragrans| Klatt|Joniris longispatha|(Fisch. ex Sims) Klatt|Joniris triflora|(Balb.) Klatt|Xiphion triflorum|(Balb.) Alef.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| title=Iris lactea Pall | url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-322026?ref=tpl1 | publisher=theplantlist.org | accessdate=29 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> }}<br /> '''''Iris lactea''''' is a species in the genus ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]'', it is also in the subgenus of [[Iris subg. Limniris|Limniris]]. It is also in the ''Iris series Ensatae'', it is the only species in the series, ''Iris Ensate'' is actually in ''[[Iris series Laevigatae]]''. It is a [[rhizomatous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]], from central Asia, with pale blue or violet flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions.<br /> <br /> ==Description==<br /> Iris lactea has a thick creeping rhizome,&lt;ref name=botany/&gt;&lt;ref name=efloras/&gt; that is covered in reddish purple fibres.&lt;ref name=india/&gt;&lt;ref name=china/&gt;&lt;ref name=kashmir&gt;{{cite web| first1=Chesfeeda | last1=Akhter | first2=Anzar A. | last2=Khuroo | first3=Akhtar H. | last3=Malik | first4=G. H. | last4=Dar | title=A TAXONOMIC APPRAISAL OF GENUS IRIS L. (IRIDACEAE) IN KASHMIR HIMALAYA, INDIA | date=8 November 2012 | url=http://www.academia.edu/7635873/Genus_Iris_in_Kashmir_Himalaya | publisher=academia.edu | accessdate=30 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It grows to a height of between, 3–50&amp;nbsp;cm (1–18&amp;nbsp;in).&lt;ref name=efloras/&gt;&lt;ref name=india/&gt;&lt;ref name=china/&gt;&lt;ref name=kashmir/&gt;&lt;ref name=signa/&gt;<br /> With a 10–30&amp;nbsp;cm (4–12&amp;nbsp;in) flowering stem.&lt;ref name=cassidy/&gt;&lt;ref name=ClaireAustin/&gt;<br /> <br /> It has 2-4 flowers per stem, blooming between April and June,&lt;ref name=botany/&gt;&lt;ref name=india/&gt;&lt;ref name=china/&gt;&lt;ref name=kashmir/&gt; or May and August in the UK.&lt;ref name=ClaireAustin/&gt; The violet scented flowers,&lt;ref name=america/&gt; can last for 2–3 weeks,&lt;ref name=efloras/&gt; and measure about 5–7.5&amp;nbsp;cm in diameter.&lt;ref name=botany/&gt;&lt;ref name=efloras/&gt;&lt;ref name=china/&gt;<br /> <br /> It has lanceolate (lance-shaped), green spathes, measuring 4.5-10 x 0.8-1.6&amp;nbsp;cm.&lt;ref name=botany/&gt;&lt;ref name=india/&gt;&lt;ref name=china/&gt;&lt;ref name=kashmir/&gt;<br /> <br /> The flowers come in a range of shades from pale blue to violet,&lt;ref name=efloras/&gt;&lt;ref name=ClaireAustin/&gt; white&lt;ref name=signa/&gt;&lt;ref name=pacific&gt;{{cite web| title=Beardless Irises Two | date=2 March 2013 | url=http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/BeardlessIrisesTwo | publisher=pacificbulbsociety.org | accessdate=29 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; or yellow.&lt;ref name=botany/&gt;&lt;ref name=india/&gt;&lt;ref name=china/&gt;&lt;ref name=kashmir/&gt; It has dark standards, delicate white falls, which are striated with blue, red-purple&lt;ref name=cassidy/&gt; or violet.&lt;ref name=ClaireAustin/&gt;<br /> <br /> It has flower stalks (pedicel) measure about 4–7&amp;nbsp;cm long, with a very short perianth tube (3&amp;nbsp;mm), 2.5–3.2&amp;nbsp;cm stamens and yellow anthers.&lt;ref name=india/&gt;&lt;ref name=china/&gt;&lt;ref name=kashmir/&gt;<br /> <br /> The leaves are linear, mostly ribbed, greyish green, rising from the base of the plant. They are between 14–70&amp;nbsp;cm long and between 3-7mm wide.&lt;ref name=botany/&gt;&lt;ref name=india/&gt;&lt;ref name=china/&gt;&lt;ref name=kashmir/&gt;<br /> <br /> It fruits (makes seeds) between June and September (after flowering), the seed capsule is narrow and cylindric in shape, with 6 ribs running along the side of the capsule, which ends in a beak-like point. The capsule measures 6.5–7.5 × 1–1.4&amp;nbsp;cm. The fruiting stems are unequal, ranging from 4–10&amp;nbsp;cm. Inside the capsule, are maroon-brown seeds which are pyriform.&lt;ref name=botany/&gt;&lt;ref name=india/&gt;&lt;ref name=china/&gt;&lt;ref name=kashmir/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Biochemistry===<br /> In 2008, a study was carried out on the [[anatomical]] structure of the leaf and drought resistance of 4 different species of Iris (''[[Iris songarica]]'', ''[[Iris potaninii]]'', ''[[Iris loczyi]]'' and ''Iris lactea'') from [[Qinghai]], China. It showed that all the species were strongly adaptable to drought conditions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Wang |first=Jun |last2=Gao |first2=Yi-ke |date=May 2008 |title=Study on the Relationship between Leaf Anatomical Structure and Drought Resistance of Four Species of Iris |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HLJN200805040.htm |journal=Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences |publisher=Landscape Architecture College of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |accessdate=22 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2009, a [[karyotype]] analysis was carried out on 10 Irises found in China, it found the chromosome counts, including ''Iris lactea'' of 2n=40.&lt;ref name=Karyotype&gt;{{cite journal |last=Yu |first=Xiao-Fang |last2=Zhang |first2= Hai-Qing |last3=Yuan |first3=Ming |last4=Zhou |first4=Yong-Hong |date=2009 |title=Karyotype studies on ten Iris species (Iridaceae) from Sichuan, China |url=http://www.caryologia.unifi.it/past_volumes/62_3/01-1574-(253-260)-VF.pdf |format=PDF |journal=Caryologia |publisher= |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=253–260 |doi=10.1080/00087114.2004.10589690 |accessdate= 23 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As most irises are [[diploid]], having two sets of [[chromosomes]]. This can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.&lt;ref name=ClaireAustin&gt;{{cite web| first=Claire | last=Austin | title=Irises A Garden Encyclopedia| pages=274–275 | url=https://worldtracker.org/media/library/Reference/Encyclopedia's/Encyclopedia%20of%20Irises.pdf | format=pdf | publisher=worldtracker.org | accessdate=29 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> It has a chromosome count: 2n=40, 44, 50&lt;ref name=signa/&gt;&lt;ref name=america/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Taxonomy==<br /> It is commonly known in the UK as the 'White Flowered Iris'&lt;ref name=rhs&gt;{{cite web| title=Iris lactea |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/9293/White-flowered-iris/Details |publisher=rhs.org.uk | accessdate=29 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; or in the US as 'Milky Iris'.&lt;ref name=india&gt;{{cite web| title=Milky Iris | url=http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Milky%20Iris.html | publisher= flowersofindia.net | accessdate=29 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Scott Ogden and Lauren Springer Ogden{{Google books|FbT09V7RfogC|Plant Driven Design: Creating Gardens That Honor Plants, Place and Spirit| page=114}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is known as 'majiris', in Sweden.&lt;ref name=grin&gt;{{cite web |title=Taxon: Iris lactea Pall. |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?401980 |publisher=ars-grin.gov ([[Germplasm Resources Information Network]]) |accessdate=31 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In [[Ladakhi language|Ladakhi]] of Tibet, it is known as 'Tesmamentok'.&lt;ref name=india/&gt; Meaning pale purple flower.&lt;ref&gt;Sanjeev Kumar{{Google books|Bhasin8IZloNzI8BgC|Amazing Land Ladakh: Places, People, and Culture|page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Latin [[Botanical name#Binary name|specific epithet]] ''Lactea'' means milky color.&lt;ref name=america/&gt; Hence, common name of 'Milky Iris'.<br /> <br /> In China, it is written as 白花马蔺 白花马蔺 in [[Chinese characters|Chinese script]] and known as 'bai hua ma lin' in [[Pidgin]] in China.&lt;ref name=china&gt;{{cite web | title=Flora of China 24: 297–312. 2000, 1. IRIS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 38. 1753. | year=2000 | format=pdf | pages=7–8 | url=http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF24/iris.pdf | publisher=flora.huh.harvard.edu | accessdate=29 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=grin/&gt; It also known as Ma Lin or Malan flower.&lt;ref name=salt&gt;{{cite web | first1=Wang | last1=Wen-Yuan | first2=Yan | last2=Xiao-Feng | first3=Jiang | last3=Ying | first4=Qu | last4=Bo | first5=Xu| last5=Yu-Feng | title=Effects of Salt Stress on Water Content and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Iris lactea Var. Chinensis Seedlings | year=2012 | url=http://www.idosi.org/mejsr/mejsr12(1)12/12.pdf | format=pdf | publisher=idosi.org (Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research)| accessdate=29 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It was first published and described by [[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]] in 'Reise Russ. Reich' (Reise durch Verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs - translated as 'Travel through various provinces of the Russian Empire') in 1776.&lt;ref name=grin/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| title=Iridaceae Iris lactea Pall. | url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=438774-1 | publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index) | accessdate=29 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The taxonomy of this species has been very confused. It was then named ''Iris ensata lactea'' ([[Carl Peter Thunberg|Thunberg]]) in 'Transactions of the [[Linnean Society of London]]' (page 328) on 1 May 1794 but later ''Iris ensata'' was re-classified as ''Iris kaempferi''. Which is now a synonym of ''[[Iris ensata]]'' (within ''[[Iris series Laevigatae]]''). Even [[William Rickatson Dykes|Dykes]] in his books 'Iris Genus'(1913) and 'Handbook of Iris'(19 ) got the name incorrect and recorded it as 'Iris ensata'. Later, writers have tried to rectify the mistake. Fritz Kohlein in his book 'Iris'(1987) called it 'Iris ensata auct. non Thunberg.'&lt;ref name=america/&gt;<br /> <br /> Many new names were considered but finding out which name was first used and should have precedence has been difficult. So it has generally been left as ''Iris lactea''(Pallas).&lt;ref name=cassidy&gt;{{cite book |last1=Cassidy |first1=George E.| last2=Linnegar | first2=Sidney | date=1982 | title= Growing Irises |location=Bromley | publisher=Christopher Helm | page=138 | isbn=0-88192-089-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=america&gt;{{cite web| title=(SPEC) Iris lactea Pallas | url=http://wiki.irises.org/bin/view/Spec/SpecLactea | publisher=wiki.irises.org | accessdate=29 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Iris lactea is an accepted name by the [[Royal Horticultural Society|RHS]].&lt;ref name=rhs/&gt;<br /> <br /> It was verified by [[United States Department of Agriculture]] [[Agricultural Research Service]] on 2 October 2014.&lt;ref name=grin/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Distribution and habitat==<br /> Iris lactea comes from wide range of areas. It is native to temperate and tropical regions of Asia.&lt;ref name=grin/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Range===<br /> [[File:Iris sp 003.jpg|thumb|Iris lactea in Mongolia]]<br /> It is found in [[Afghanistan]], [[Kashmir]] (including [[Gurais|Guraiz]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]])&lt;ref name=india/&gt;&lt;ref name=kashmir/&gt; [[Kazakhstan]], [[Central Asia]], [[India]] (including [[Ladakh]]),&lt;ref name=india/&gt; [[Pakistan]],&lt;ref name=india/&gt; [[Russia]] (in [[Siberia]]&lt;ref name=efloras/&gt; and [[Primorye]]&lt;ref name=botany/&gt;), [[Tibet]], [[China]], [[Mongolia]] to [[Korea]].&lt;ref name=botany/&gt;&lt;ref name=china/&gt;&lt;ref name=kashmir/&gt;&lt;ref name=signa/&gt;&lt;ref name=cassidy/&gt;&lt;ref name=pacific/&gt; In China, it is found within the [[Provinces of China|Chinese provinces]] of [[Anhui]], [[Gansu]], [[Hebei]], [[Heilongjiang]], [[Henan]], [[Hubei]], [[Jiangsu]], [[Jilin]], [[Liaoning]], [[Nei Mongol]], [[Ningxia]], [[Qinghai]], [[Shaanxi]], [[Shandong]], [[Shanxi]], [[Sichuan]],&lt;ref name=Karyotype/&gt; [[Xinjiang]] and [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Xi-zang]](Chinese Tibet).&lt;ref name=china/&gt;<br /> <br /> It is listed with ''[[Iris bloudowii]]'',''[[Iris humilis]]'', ''[[Iris ruthenica]]'', ''[[Iris sibirica]]'', ''[[Iris tenuifolia]]'' and ''[[Iris tigridia]]'' as being found in the [[Altai-Sayan region]] (where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan come together).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Biodiversity of Altai-Sayan Ecoregion |url=http://www.bioaltai-sayan.ru/regnum/eng/species_all.php?right=box-spec-p/iris.php |publisher=bioaltai-sayan.ru |accessdate=15 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It is regarded as a wildflower in India and China.&lt;ref name=india/&gt;&lt;ref name=china/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Habitat===<br /> [[File:Gardenology.org-IMG 0068 rbgm10dec.jpg|thumb|Plant label showing wide range of distribution]]<br /> Iris lactea grows in a wide range of habitats. Including steppe meadows, turf slopes,&lt;ref name=efloras/&gt; heavily grazed river shore within desert steppe,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| title=Iris lactea Pall. | url=http://greif.uni-greifswald.de/floragreif/?flora_search=Image&amp;record_id=12968 | publisher=greif.uni-greifswald.de | accessdate=29 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; grasslands, roadsides,&lt;ref name=china/&gt;<br /> grassy slopes and hillsides.&lt;ref name=botany/&gt;&lt;ref name=china/&gt;<br /> <br /> It grows at altitudes of between 600–3800m above sea level.&lt;ref name=botany/&gt;&lt;ref name=china/&gt;&lt;ref name=kashmir/&gt;<br /> <br /> It flowers as late as late summer in the wild.&lt;ref name=stebbings/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cultivation==<br /> Since ''Iris lactea'', is one of the most common wild irises across all of China, living it a diverse range of habitats. It is very tolerant of most garden conditions.&lt;ref name=america/&gt;<br /> <br /> It is [[Hardiness (plants)|hardy]] to [[USDA]] Zones 3-9.&lt;ref name=signa&gt;{{cite web| first=D | last=Kramb | title=Iris lactea | date=25 September 2004 | url=http://www.signa.org/index.pl?Iris-lactea | publisher=signa.org | accessdate=29 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It is very tolerant plant, growing in a variety of soils (including those that dry out in summer),&lt;ref name=ClaireAustin/&gt;&lt;ref name=stebbings&gt;{{cite book | last=Stebbings | first=Geoff | year=1997 | title=The Gardener's Guide to Growing Irises | location=Newton Abbot | publisher=David and Charles | page=17 |isbn=0715305395}}&lt;/ref&gt; salty areas and can be used as a soil improver.&lt;ref name=ClaireAustin/&gt;&lt;ref name=salt/&gt; Such as being cultivated on slopes (to conserve water|), on high salty soils (to remove the salt) and desertification control.&lt;ref name=salt/&gt; It prefers sunny places, but can grow successfully in shady places.&lt;ref name=efloras/&gt; It has a strong resistance to water logging, salinity, trampling, poor, pest and disease.&lt;ref name=salt/&gt;<br /> <br /> It has been planted in mass on high leaded soils to reduce the lead contamination.&lt;ref&gt;{{Google books| Amidohydrolases – Advances in Research and Application 2013 Edition| Z3wmmAoFVW8C| page=276}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It is suitable for cultivation in rock gardens and group planting.&lt;ref name=efloras&gt;{{cite web| title=Iris lactea Pall. | url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=120&amp;taxon_id=200028182 | publisher= efloras.org | accessdate=29 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Propagation===<br /> It can be propagated by seed and by division.&lt;ref name=efloras/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Hybrids and Cultivars===<br /> Many of the synonyms may represent distinct varieties of lactea. The following is a list of named variations botanical and horticultural;<br /> *'Biglumis' (Robert Sweet, 1835, Siberia) -now called 'Iris lactea Pallas var. biglumis' Koidz.) &lt;ref name=america/&gt;<br /> *'Chinensis' (which grows in Korea, Russia and India)&lt;ref name=ClaireAustin/&gt;&lt;ref name=america/&gt;<br /> *'Chrysantha' (yellow flowers)&lt;ref name=china/&gt;&lt;ref name=ClaireAustin/&gt;<br /> *'Ensata Chinensis' <br /> *'Ensata Grandiflora' (Dykes 1913) <br /> *'Ensata Grandiflora Alba' (White form of 'Ensata Grandiflora', found at Ohio State University Bot. Garden 1933)<br /> *'Hyacinthiana' (Collected by [[Reginald Farrer]], 1914-1915, Tibet or W. China-Kansu)<br /> *'Iliensis' (Poljakov, From near the [[Ili River]], Kazakhstan)<br /> *'Illini Fountain' (1993, Budapest, Hungary)<br /> *'Mani' (1935, Tibet)<br /> *'Moorcroftiana' (Wallich 1828)<br /> *'Pabularia' (1888, Kashmir)<br /> *'Redundant' (2002,Denver Botanic Garden)&lt;ref name=america/&gt;<br /> * var. lactea (white flowers,&lt;ref name=ClaireAustin/&gt; with purple veins and pale violet inner segments)&lt;ref name=china/&gt;<br /> <br /> Iris lactea has been used in hybridization for the selection of dwarf bearded irises.&lt;ref name=efloras/&gt;<br /> <br /> Known Hybrids:<br /> *'Calsata Hybrids' (Tomas Tamberg, 1979, cross of [[Iris douglasiana]] X [[Iris ensata]])<br /> *'Chrysata Charme' (Tamberg, 2001, cross of Sino-sibirica X I. lactea)<br /> *'Hamadryad' (1931, Iris 'Watsoniana' X Iris ensata)&lt;ref name=america/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Uses==<br /> It is widely grown throughout China, where it is often used as an ingredient in a herbal [[contraceptive]].&lt;ref name=ClaireAustin/&gt; It has also been used in anti-cancer drug 'Irisquinone', which comes from a herbal remedy.&lt;ref&gt;Michael A. Lerner {{Google books|Choices in Healing: Integrating the Best of Conventional and Complementary|Q52wlSbFi-8C|page=381}}&lt;/ref&gt; The rhizomes are also used in traditional oriental medicine,&lt;ref name=botany&gt;{{cite web| first=Ladislav | last=Hoskovec | title=IRIS LACTEA Pall. – White-flower Chinese Iris | url=http://botany.cz/en/iris-lactea/ | publisher=botany.cz | accessdate=29 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=india/&gt;&lt;ref name=salt/&gt; including Tibet.&lt;ref&gt;Dr Barry Clark (translator) {{Google books|The Quintessence Tantras of Tibetan Medicine|MQyrBAAAQBAJ}}&lt;/ref&gt; The flowers and seeds can also be used in medicines.&lt;ref name=salt/&gt; The dried flowers can by used an ingredient to remedy diuretic laxative. The seeds are used to treat many ailments including; fever, [[jaundice]], [[menorrhagia]], heat pain, nausea, sore throats, vomiting, urination, [[carbuncles]] and boil problems.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| title=Extract of iris lactea seed skin as well as preparation method and purpose of extract | date=12 June 2013 | url=http://www.google.com/patents/CN103142780A?d=en | publisher= | accessdate=31 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The leaves are used as fodder for animals, and for thatching, matting and basket work,&lt;ref name=botany/&gt;&lt;ref name=india/&gt; and its leaf fibres are also used in paper making and for brushes.&lt;ref name=ClaireAustin/&gt; The flowers contain the [[pigment]] - [[anthocyanin]].&lt;ref name=india/&gt;<br /> <br /> It has also been used in [[veterinary]] medicine. The consumption of the flowers and seeds is thought to increase a cow's milk yield.&lt;ref&gt;Umberto Quattrocchi {{Google books|CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants: Common Names|YC_lAgAAQBAJ|page=2105}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Culture==<br /> In Afghanistan, it has been banned by the [[Taliban]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| title=Iris lactea | url=http://www.plantlust.com/plants/iris-lactea/ | publisher=plantlust.com | accessdate=29 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; This maybe due to it use in herbal medicines.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Other sources==<br /> *Aldén, B., S. Ryman &amp; M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).<br /> *Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.<br /> *Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR).<br /> *Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.<br /> *Khassanov, F. O. &amp; N. Rakhimova. 2012. Taxonomic revision of the genus Iris L. (Iridaceae Juss.) for the flora of Central Asia. Stapfia 97:175.<br /> *Kitagawa, M. 1979. Neo-lineamenta florae Manshuricae.<br /> *Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR. [= I. ensata Thunb.].<br /> *Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 125–127.<br /> *Nasir, E. &amp; S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan.<br /> *Waddick, J. W. &amp; Zhao Yu-tang. 1992. Iris of China.<br /> *Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986–. European garden flora.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[https://www.nargs.org/plant/iris-lactea Images of Iris Lactea]<br /> <br /> {{Commons category-inline|Iris lactea}}<br /> {{Wikispecies-inline|Iris lactea}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Iris (plant)|lactea]]<br /> [[Category:Plants described in 1776]]<br /> [[Category:Flora of Central Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Flora of Afghanistan]]<br /> [[Category:Flora of Kazakhstan]]<br /> [[Category:Flora of India]]<br /> [[Category:Flora of Pakistan]]<br /> [[Category:Flora of Russia]]<br /> [[Category:Flora of Tibet]]<br /> [[Category:Flora of China]]<br /> [[Category:Flora of Mongolia]]<br /> [[Category:Flora of Korea]]</div>

Gjs238 https://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/Category:FC_Kaisar 2016-11-05T16:46:35Z

<p>Gjs238: new page</p> <hr /> <div>{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaisar, Fc}}<br /> [[Category:Football clubs in Kazakhstan]]<br /> [[Category:Association football clubs established in 1968]]<br /> [[Category:1968 establishments in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic]]</div>

Gjs238 https://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/Jussi_N%C3%A4ttinen 2016-11-04T13:19:32Z

<p>Gjs238: fix cat</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox ice hockey player<br /> | name = Jussi Nättinen<br /> | image = <br /> | caption =<br /> | image_size = <br /> | team = [[Kokkolan Hermes|Hermes]]<br /> | league = [[Mestis]]<br /> | prospect_team = <br /> | prospect_league =<br /> | former_teams = [[JYP-Akatemia|D Team]]&lt;br&gt;[[Kiekko-Laser]]&lt;br&gt;[[KooKoo (Liiga)|KooKoo]]&lt;br&gt;[[Beibarys Atyrau]]&lt;br&gt;[[Phenix de Reims|Reims]]<br /> | position = [[Centre (ice hockey)|Centre]]<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|07|15}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Jyväskylä]], [[Finland]]<br /> | height_ft = 5<br /> | height_in = 11<br /> | weight_lb = 172<br /> | shoots = Right<br /> | draft = Undrafted<br /> | career_start = 2008<br /> | career_end = <br /> }}<br /> '''Jussi Nättinen''' (born July 15, 1987) is a [[Finland|Finnish]] professional [[ice hockey]] player. He is currently playing for [[Kokkolan Hermes|Hermes]] of the Finnish [[Mestis]]. Nättinen is the current captain of Hermes.&lt;ref name=&quot;jatkoaika&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jatkoaika.com/Pelaaja/jussi-n%C3%A4ttinen/15357|title=Pelaaja › Jussi Nättinen - jatkoaika|publisher=jatkoaika.com|accessdate=2016-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{Eliteprospects}}<br /> *{{hockeydb|189239}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Nattinen, Jussi}}<br /> [[Category:1987 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:JYP-Akatemia players]]<br /> [[Category:Kiekko-Laser players]]<br /> [[Category:KooKoo players]]<br /> [[Category:Beibarys Atyrau players]]<br /> [[Category:Kokkolan Hermes players]]<br /> [[Category:Finnish ice hockey players]]<br /> [[Category:People from Jyväskylä]]</div>

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