Iris acutiloba

2017-04-19T10:00:58Z

DavidAnstiss: /* Description */ text edit

{{taxobox
|image = Iris helena-IMG 2212.jpg
|image_caption = ''Iris acutiloba'' subsp. ''lineolata''
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
|ordo = [[Asparagales]]
|familia = [[Iridaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Iridoideae]]
|tribus = [[Irideae]]
|genus = ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]''
|subgenus = ''[[Iris subg. Iris|Iris]]''
|species = '''''Iris acutiloba'''''
|binomial = ''Iris acutiloba''
|binomial_authority = [[Carl Anton von Meyer|C.A. Meyer]]
|synonyms = {{Species list
| Iris acutifolia |C.A.Mey. ex Regel
| Iris acutiloba var. bimaculata |Fomin & Woronow
| Iris fominii |Woronow ex Grossh.
| Oncocyclus acutilobus |(C.A.Mey.) Siemssen<ref>{{cite web |title=''Iris acutiloba'' C.A.Mey. is an accepted name |date= 23 March 2012 |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-321530 |publisher=theplantlist.org ([[The Plant List]])|accessdate=1 March 2016}}</ref>
|Iris szovitsii | C.A.Meyer<ref name=pacific>{{cite web |title=Iris summary |date=14 April 2014 |url=http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/files/Iris/Iris_Summary.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=pacificbulbsociety.org |accessdate=23 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=british>British Iris Society (1997){{Google books|pL6uPLo7l2gC|A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation|page=67}}</ref>}}
}}
'''''Iris acutiloba''''' is a species in the genus ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]'', it is also in the subgenus of [[Iris subg. Iris|Iris]] and ''Oncocyclus Section''. It is a [[rhizomatous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]], from the mountains of the [[Caucasus]] and found in [[Turkey]], [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Dagestan]] and [[Iran]]. It is a dwarf species, with narrow, falcate or curved leaves, it has one flower in spring or early summer, that comes in shades from cream, creamy white, whitish, pale brown, light grey, to pale violet. It is heavily veined or streaked and pointed, with 2 dark spots and brown, purple, dark purple, or black short beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions. There are two subspecies, [[Iris acutiloba ssp.lineolata|''Iris acutiloba'' subsp. ''lineolata]] and [[Iris acutiloba subsp. longitepala|''Iris acutiloba'' subsp. ''longitepala'']].

==Description==
It has a small,<ref name=irisbotanique>{{cite web |title=Chapter I (Part 5) I Oncocyclus |url=http://irisbotanique.over-blog.com/article-chapitre-i-partie-5-les-oncocyclus-i-124148129.html |publisher=irisbotanique.over-blog.com |language=French |accessdate=3 March 2016}}</ref> thick and compressed rhizomes,<ref name=Rainbow>{{cite web |title=Subgenus Iris (Iris) - Rainbow Iris |url=http://flower-iris.ru/en/knigi-pro-iridariy/zaglyanut-v-knigu/60/ |publisher=flower-iris.ru |accessdate=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=Komarov>{{cite web|first=V.L. | last=Komarov | year=1935 | title=Akademiya Nauk SSSR (FLORA of the U.S.S.R.) Vol. IV | publisher=archive.org |url=https://archive.org/stream/floraofussr04bota/floraofussr04bota_djvu.txt |accessdate=9 October 2014}}</ref> which have many branches,<ref name=European>James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) {{Google books|CkxWrDqtWLQC|The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification (2011) |page=340}}</ref> and gives the plant a creeping habit,<ref name=Lynch>Richard Lynch {{Google books|grvYTul5CSUC|The Book of the Iris (1904)|page=104}}</ref> across the surface of the ground, while being heated by the sun.<ref name=irisbotanique/> The creeping habit creates clumps.<ref name=alpine>{{cite web |title=Iris acutiloba |url=http://www.alpine-plants.eu/?405,en_iris-acutiloba |publisher=alpine-plants.eu |accessdate=1 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=green>{{cite web |title=Iris acutiloba |url=https://www.greenplantswap.co.uk/plants/10174-iris-acutiloba |publisher=greenplantswap.co.uk |accessdate=1 March 2016}}</ref>

It has narrow,<ref name=irisbotanique/> slender, curved,<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=European/> or falcate (sickle-shaped),<ref name=Rainbow/><ref name=Komarov/><ref name=green/> leaves, that are glaucous,<ref name=Rainbow/> grey green,<ref name=European/> or medium green.<ref name=green/> They can grow up to between {{convert|10|cm|0|abbr=on}} long,<ref name=Komarov/><ref name=Lynch/> and between 0.2 and 0.6 cm wide.<ref name=Komarov/><ref name=European/><ref name=alpine/>

It is dwarf species,<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=stebbings>{{cite book |last=Stebbings |first=Geoff |year=1997|title=The Gardener's Guide to Growing Irises |url= |location=Newton Abbot |publisher=David and Charles |pages=68–69 |isbn=0715305395 }}</ref><ref name=pottertons>{{cite web |title=Iris acutiloba ssp acutiloba |url=https://www.pottertons.co.uk/pott/view_product.php?pid=3746 |publisher=pottertons.co.uk |accessdate=1 March 2016}}</ref> and has a slender stem or [[Peduncle (botany)|peduncle]], that can grow up to between {{convert|8|-|25|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall.<ref name=handbook>{{cite web |first=William |last=Dykes |authorlink=William Rickatson Dykes |title=Handbook of Garden Irises |year=2009 |url=http://www.beardlessiris.org/reviews/handbook%20of%20garden%20irises%20-%20dykes.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=beardlessiris.org (The Group for Beardless Irises) |accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=rudolf>{{cite web |title=Iris acutiloba ssp. Lineolata |url=http://www.rudolfs-garden.dk/images/Iris/iris_acutiloba_ssp.linolata.htm |publisher=rudolfs-garden.dk |accessdate=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=american>{{cite web |first=Alain |last=Franco |title=(SPEC) Iris acutiloba Mey. |date=16 March 2015 |url=http://wiki.irises.org/bin/view/Spec/SpecAcutiloba |publisher=wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society)| accessdate=1 March 2016}}</ref>

The stem has lanceolate,<ref name=Komarov/> slightly pinkish,<ref name=European/> or green,<ref name=Komarov/> and membranous, [[Bract#Spathe|spathes]] (leaves of the flower bud),<ref name=Lynch/> they are {{convert|5|-|8|cm|0|abbr=on}} long.<ref name=Komarov/><ref name=European/><ref name=Lynch/>

The stems hold 1,<ref name=green/> terminal,<ref name=Komarov/> (top of stem) flower, blooming in spring,<ref name=green/> or early summer,<ref name=European/> between March (in Russia),<ref name=Komarov/> April,<ref name=irisbotanique/> or May.<ref name=british/><ref name=handbook/><ref name=ClaireAustin/>{{rp|191}} The leaves begin to grow in the late autumn and stop in the summer.<ref name=calc/>

In his book 'Iris', [[Fritz Kohlein]], wrote "the blossoms of this small plant render a sombre, bat-like effect."<ref name=aril>{{cite web |title=Aril Irises | url=http://pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/ArilIrises |publisher=pacificbulbsociety.org |accessdate=1 March 2016}}</ref>

The flower is {{convert|5|-|8|cm|0|abbr=on}} in diameter,<ref name=European/><ref name=alpine/><ref name=efloras>{{cite web |title=Russian Ornamental |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=120&taxon_id=242442472 |publisher=efloras.org (Flora of China) |accessdate=1 March 2016}}</ref> come in shades from cream,<ref name=irisbotanique/> creamy white,<ref name=alpine/><ref name=handbook/><ref name=american/> whitish,<ref name=European/> pale brown,<ref name=Komarov/><ref name=Lynch/> light grey,<ref name=rare>{{cite web |title=Iris acutiloba |url=http://www.rareplants.co.uk/product/iris-acutiloba/ |publisher=rareplants.co.uk |accessdate=1 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=agbina>{{cite web |title=Ostrodolny Iris (Iris acutiloba) |url=http://www.agbina.com/site.xp/052056055124052052055.html |publisher=agbina.com |language=Russian |accessdate=1 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=cassidy>{{cite book |last1=Cassidy |first1=George E.| last2=Linnegar | first2=Sidney |page=127 | date=1987 |edition=Revised | title= Growing Irises |location=Bromley | publisher=Christopher Helm | isbn=0-88192-089-4}}</ref> to pale violet,<ref name=pacific/><ref name=ClaireAustin/>{{rp|191}}<ref name=signa>{{cite web |first=D. |last=Kramb |title=Iris acutiloba |date=7 February 2004 |url=http://www.signa.org/index.pl?Iris-acutiloba |publisher=signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America) |accessdate=1 March 2016}}</ref> They are streaked,<ref name=stebbings/> or heavily veined with brown,<ref name=Rainbow/><ref name=green/><ref name=stebbings/> brown black,<ref name=Lynch/><ref name=rare/> grey,<ref name=European/><ref name=stebbings/><ref name=cassidy/> purple,<ref name=british/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=pottertons/> or purple-brown,<ref name=Komarov/><ref name=alpine/><ref name=american/>

Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large [[sepals]] (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or [[tepals]]), known as the 'standards'.<ref name=ClaireAustin>{{cite book |first=Claire |last=Austin |title=Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia |year=2005 |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=0881927309 }}</ref>{{rp|17}}
The falls are reflexed,<ref name=Lynch/><ref name=alpine/> pointed,<ref name=European/><ref name=stebbings/><ref name=american/> or lanceolate,<ref name=british/><ref name=Komarov/><ref name=Lynch/> they can be up to {{convert|4|-|7|cm|0|abbr=on}} long.<ref name=European/> They are generally marked with 2,<ref name=agbina/><ref name=cassidy/> large dark red-brown,<ref name=alpine/><ref name=american/> blackish,<ref name=European/><ref name=rare/> purple-violet,<ref name=Rainbow/> or dark purplish-brown spots,<ref name=Komarov/> or deep purple signal patch.<ref name=Lynch/><ref name=handbook/> One spot is in the centre and the other is at the apex.<ref name=british/><ref name=European/> In the middle of the falls, is a sparse,<ref name=European/> row of short hairs called the 'beard', which is brown,<ref name=british/><ref name=Komarov/><ref name=alpine/> purple,<ref name=European/> dark purple,<ref name=Lynch/> or black.<ref name=irisbotanique/>
The acute,<ref name=british/><ref name=Komarov/><ref name=alpine/> pointed,<ref name=European/><ref name=stebbings/><ref name=american/> standards are larger than the falls,<ref name=british/><ref name=Lynch/><ref name=alpine/> they can be up to {{convert|4|-|8|cm|0|abbr=on}} long,<ref name=European/> and unspotted.<ref name=Komarov/>

In the wild, it is more variable in colour and flower form.<ref name=british/><ref name=agbina/>

It has greenish,<ref name=american/> [[Stigma (botany)#Style|style branch]] that is {{convert|2|-|5|cm|0|abbr=on}},<ref name=European/><ref name=Lynch/> and has brown spots.<ref name=Komarov/><ref name=american/> It also has a cylindric ovary,<ref name=Komarov/> green [[Root hair|filaments]] and [[anthers]]<ref name=american/> It has {{convert|1.5|-|2|cm|0|abbr=on}} long,<ref name=European/><ref name=Lynch/> perianth tube, that is cylindric and green dotted with purple.<ref name=Komarov/>

After the iris has flowered, it produces a seed capsule, that contains large, white and yellow seeds.<ref name=Rainbow/>

===Biochemistry===
In 2015, a study was carried out on 8 species of iris found in Iran including ''[[Iris reticulata]]'', ''[[Iris pseudocaucasica]]'', ''[[Iris persica]]'', ''Iris acutiloba'' and ''[[Iris meda]]''. It found that the petals contain [[anthocyanin]]s, (which are common floral pigments that form blue, purple and red colours). High concentration of [[Cartenoids]] have also been found in the iris flowers. Compared to 8 other irises in Iran, it had the highest highest accumulation of anthocyanin and cartenoids in the petals.<ref name=Evaluation>{{cite journal |last=Jozghasemi |first=Somayyeh |last2=Rabiei |first2=Vali |last3=Soleymani |first3=Ali |last4=Khaligi |first4=Ahmad
|date=2015 |title=Evaluation of the pigments concentration in the Iris species native to Iran |url=http://www.innspub.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/JBES-Vol6No1-p557-561.pdf |format=PDF |journal=Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) |publisher= |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages= 557–561 |doi= |accessdate=3 March 2016}}</ref>

As most irises are [[diploid]], having two sets of [[chromosomes]], this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.<ref name=ClaireAustin/>{{rp|18}}
It was counted in 1928 by Delaunay, in 1932 by Simonet, in 1969 by Zakharyeva & Makushenko, in 1975 by Gustafsson & Wendelbo and in 1980 by Awishai & Zohary.<ref name=american/> It is normally published as 2n=20.<ref name=pacific/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=signa/>

==Taxonomy==
It is known in Russia as ''Ostrodolny Iris''.<ref name=Rainbow/><ref name=agbina/><ref name=exhibition>{{cite web |title=The exhibition "Iris Russia" |url=http://flower-iris.ru/en/knigi-pro-iridariy/zaglyanut-v-knigu/66/ |publisher=flower-iris.ru |accessdate=4 March 2016}}</ref> Meaning 'sharp-lobed iris'.<ref name=wildrussia>{{cite web |title=Dagestansky Zapovednik |url=http://www.wild-russia.org/bioregion3/Dagestansky/3_dagest.htm |publisher=wild-russia.org
|accessdate=4 March 2016}}</ref>

The Latin [[Botanical name#Binary name|specific epithet]] ''acutiloba'' is derived from two Latin words 'acutus' meaning acute or narrow and 'loba' meaning lobes or lobed.<ref>D. Gledhill {{Google books|NJ6PyhVuecwC|The Names of Plants}}</ref> This is due to the narrow, pointed segments of the flower.<ref name=handbook/>

It was first published and described by [[Carl Anton von Meyer]] in Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. (sometimes known as Verz. Pfl, Cauc.<ref name=Komarov/><ref name=american/>) Vol.32 in Nov-Dec 1831.<ref name=ipni>{{cite web |title=Iridaceae Iris acutiloba C.A.Mey. |url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=438324-1 |publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index) |accessdate=1 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=grin>{{cite web |title=Taxon: Iris acutiloba C. A. Mey. |url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?20244 |publisher=ars-grin.gov ([[Germplasm Resources Information Network]]) |accessdate=1 March 2016}}</ref>

It was also published in 'Gartenflora' Vol.13 page 323 in 1874,<ref name=Lynch/> (with a colour illustration) and in [[The Gardeners' Chronicle]] 3rd Series Vol.94 on page 451 on 16 December 1932.<ref name=american/>

It has 2 known subspecies,<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=rudolf/><ref name=signa/> ''Iris acutiloba'' subsp. ''lineolata'' and ''Iris acutiloba'' subsp. ''longitepala''.<ref name=grin/> Due to the classification of the subspecies, some authors have renamed the species as ''Iris acutiloba'' subsp. ''acutiloba'' Mathew & Wendelbo.<ref name=british/><ref name=pottertons/><ref name=american/> Although many botanists in Russia and Turkey still classify ''Iris lineolata'' as a separate species.<ref name=american/>

It was verified by [[United States Department of Agriculture]] and the [[Agricultural Research Service]] on 2 October 2014.<ref name=grin/>

It is listed in the [[Encyclopedia of Life]],<ref name=eol>{{cite web |title=Iris acutiloba C. A. Mey. |url=http://eol.org/pages/2879848/overview |publisher=eol.org |accessdate=1 March 2016}}</ref> and in the [[Catalogue of Life]] as ''Iris acutiloba'' subsp. ''acutiloba''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Accepted scientific name: |url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/53ae63fb86d12853d01e703b85abdaa2 |publisher=catalogueoflife.org |accessdate=1 March 2016}}</ref>

''Iris acutiloba'' is an accepted name by the [[Royal Horticultural Society|RHS]] and was listed in the current RHS Plant Finder.<ref name=rhs>{{cite web |title=Iris acutiloba |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/9201/Iris-acutiloba/Details |publisher=www.rhs.org.uk| accessdate=1 March 2016}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
It is [[endemic]] and [[native plant|native]] to temperate regions of Asia,<ref name=grin/> and the Caucasus,<ref name=aril/> including [[Transcaucasia]].<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=alpine/><ref name=cassidy/>

===Range===
It is an, found in the countries of Turkey,<ref name=ClaireAustin/>{{rp|191}}<ref name=rhs/> (the former USSR states,<ref name=European/>) of Armenia,<ref name=grin/> Azerbaijan,<ref name=calc>{{cite web |first=G.I. |last=Rodionenko |title=Family: Kasatikovye (Iris) Iridaceae |url=http://www.calc.ru/krasnaya-kniga/Kasatik-(iris)-Ostrodolniy.html |publisher=calc.ru |language=Russian |accessdate=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=grin/><ref name=greentour>{{cite web |title=Azerbaijan, A Tour For The Alpine Garden Society |url=http://www.greentours.co.uk/Alpine-Garden-Society/AZERBAIJAN/ |publisher=greentours.co.uk |accessdate=3 March 2016}}</ref> Turkmenistan,<ref name=aril/><ref name=signa/><ref name=grin/> Dagestan (near the capital city of [[Makhachkala]],<ref name=Rainbow/><ref name=agbina/> and Barham,<ref name=calc/>) and Iran.<ref name=European/><ref name=green/><ref name=Evaluation/> (or [[Persia]],<ref name=Lynch/><ref name=ipni/>)

===Habitat===
It grows in the mountains,<ref name=Lynch/><ref name=handbook/><ref name=american/> or dry hills,<ref name=Komarov/><ref name=calc/> on rocky steppes and rocky slopes,<ref name=alpine/><ref name=greentour/> or on sand.<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=calc/>

They can be found at an altitude of {{convert|1500|to|3000|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level.<ref name=alpine/> or below 200m (when situated on the sand dunes).<ref name=british/><ref name=rus/>

==Conservation==
It is listed as a rare species,<ref name=irisbotanique/> and is included in the [[Red Data Book of the Russian Federation]] as 'endangered'.<ref name=calc/><ref name=exhibition/>

It is at risk due to the flowers being picked for bouquets. In the past 10–12 years, it has severely declined in population numbers. In 1969-1972, it was found over a large area (between 4-5 hectares), but this has now declined to a few isolated individuals being found.<ref name=calc/>

In Dagestan, as part of the protected Dagestan Nature Reserve,<ref name=exhibition/> in [[Kizlyar Bay]], there are two distinct sites; 'Kizliar' and 'Sarykum',<ref name=Price>Martin F. Price {{Google books|8dfNGbFCp5QC|Cooperation in the European Mountains: The Caucasus|page=131}}</ref> which have up to 279 species of rare plants.<ref name=wildrussia/>
On the 'Sarykum', sand dunes,<ref name=exhibition/><ref name=rus>{{cite web |title=Zapovednik "Dagestansky" |url=http://www.rusnature.info/zap/056.htm |publisher=rusnature.info |accessdate=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=Price/> it can be found with other rare plants such as Shishkin's groundsel (''[[Senecio schischkinii]]''), ''[[Karakugen milkvetch]]'',<ref name=wildrussia/> ''[[astragalus karakugensis]]'' and ''[[colchicum laetum]]''.<ref>Münir Öztürk, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, I. Faridah-Hanum and Recep Efe (Editor){{Google books|v1X1CAAAQBAJ|Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems|page=530}}</ref>

==Cultivation==
The species is [[Hardiness (plants)|hardy]] to European Zone H3,<ref name=European/> meaning hardy to {{convert|-10|C|F}} to {{convert|-15|C|F}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Plant Hardiness |url=http://theseedsite.co.uk/hardiness.html |publisher=theseedsite.co |accessdate=3 August 2015}}</ref>

As they grow in the mountains, they are much more cold hardy than some of the ''Oncocyclus'' section irises native to Israel-Palestine.<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=american/>

In Russia, it was tested for hardiness in various botanical gardens, it did not survive in [[Tbilisi]], [[Baku]], [[Frunze]] (or Bishkek),<ref name=exhibition/> [[Nalchik]] and Alma-Ata.<ref name=calc/> In the gardens of [[Moscow]] and [[St. Petersburg]], it had unstable results.<ref name=calc/><ref name=exhibition/>

As ''Iris acutiloba and the subspecies 'lineolata' are dwarf,<ref name=stebbings/> they can be grown in a pot,<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=stebbings/> with sharp drainage and careful watering, and kept (frost-free) in greenhouse or cold frame,<ref name=pottertons/> or alpine house.<ref name=american/>

They should be planted in sandy, well drained soils in full sun. They need protection from spring and autumn rains. If planted in pots, they are left to dry from September and in the spring, given fertilizer during the growing season. Some irises have lived for 3–5 years under this method.<ref name=Rainbow/>

In 1904, it was rarely in cultivation in the UK,<ref name=Lynch/> it is still fairly rare in cultivation in the west.<ref name=british/>

On 15 March 1900, a specimen was collected by [[Paul Sintenis]] near Baku, and then stored in the [[herbarium]] of [[Komarov Botanical Institute]]. Due to a mistake, it was labeled as Bailovo, but the actual correct name of the region near to the Danube is [[Brailovo]].<ref name=Komarov/>

===Propagation===
Irises can generally be propagated by [[Division (horticulture)|division]],<ref name=rare/><ref name=exhibition/><ref>{{cite web |title=How to divide iris rhizomes |url=http://www.gardenersworld.com/how-to/projects/propagating/how-to-divide-iris-rhizomes/169.html |publisher=gardenersworld.com |accessdate=12 October 2015}}</ref> or by seed growing, which can take up to 3–5 years or more to reach maturity.<ref name=calc/>

===Hybrids and Cultivars===
It has been used in various plant breeding programmes, including hybrid crosses; (with other regelia irises) 'Acutikor' and 'Tel Hashi', (with other Oncocyclus Section irises) 'Star Over Iran' and 'Zuvendicus'.

Cultivars which have ''Iris acutiloba'' as a grandparent include; 'Aril Sanctum', 'Darling Who Knows', 'Kazakhstan' and 'Rojen's Saga'.<ref name=american/>

==Toxicity==
[[File:Stamp of Azerbaijan 189.jpg|thumb|An illustration of the iris on a postage stamp of Azerbaijan]]
Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.<ref>David G Spoerke and Susan C. Smolinske{{Google books|a7-f66fRfzQC|Toxicity of Houseplants|page=236}}</ref>

==Culture==
In 1993, it was used as a [[postage stamp]] in Azerbaijan, with a series of other flowers, including ''[[Iris reticulata]]'', ''[[Tulipa persica]]'', ''[[Puschkinia scilloides]]'' ''[[Iris iberica subspecies elegantissima|Iris elegantissima]]'' and ''[[Tulipa florenskyii]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Azerbaijan |url=http://www.stampworld.com/en/stamps/Azerbaijan/Postage%20stamps/?year=1993 |publisher=stampworld.com |accessdate=7 March 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Other sources==
* Czerepanov, S. K. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR). 1995 (L USSR)
* Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988 (F Turk)
* Khassanov, F. O. & N. Rakhimova 2012. Taxonomic revision of the genus Iris L. (Iridaceae Juss.) for the flora of Central Asia (Stapfia) 97:177.
* Mathew, B. The Iris. 1981 (Iris) 43.
* Mathew, B. & M. Zarrei 2009. 654. Iris acutiloba subsp. longitepala Curtis's Bot. Mag. 26:253-259.
* Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963- (F Iran)

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Iris acutiloba}}
{{Wikispecies-inline|Iris acutiloba}}

[[Category:Iris (plant)|acutiloba]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1831]]
[[Category:Poisonous plants]]
[[Category:Flowers]]
[[Category:Garden plants]]
[[Category:Flora of Central Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Flora of Armenia]]
[[Category:Flora of Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Flora of Turkmenistan]]
[[Category:Flora of Turkey]]
[[Category:Flora of Iran]]
[[Category:Flora of Dagestan]]

Kazakhstan Encyclopedia - User contributions [en]

Iris acutiloba