Kazakhstan Encyclopedia - User contributions [en]

Strider (arcade game)

2017-04-18T00:28:16Z

Crossswords:

{{Lead too short|date=April 2013}}
{{Infobox video game
|title= Strider
|image= Strider Hiryu arcade flyer.png
| alt = Strider
|caption=Arcade flyer
|developer= [[Capcom]]
|publisher= Capcom
|director= Kouichi Yotsui
|designer= Kouichi Yotsui Tokuro Fujiwara Shinichi Yoshimoto
|composer= Junko Tamiya<ref name="Tamiya">{{cite web|url=http://www.vgmonline.net/junkotamiyainterview/ |title=Junko Tamiya Interview: Creating Capcom’s Incredible NES Scores |publisher=Video Game Music Online |date=2014-05-19 |accessdate=2016-02-13}}</ref>
|released= '''Arcade''' {{vgrelease|JP|March 7, 1989<ref name="gamefaqs">{{cite web|url=http://www.gamefaqs.com/arcade/583860-strider/data |title=Strider Release Information for Arcade Games |publisher=GameFAQs.com |date=2015-04-01 |accessdate=2015-04-09}}</ref>|NA|January 1989<ref>''GamePro'', issue 1, pages 44-47</ref>|EU|January 1989<ref>[http://www.solvalou.com/subpage/arcade_reviews/37/336/strider_review.html ATEI 1989] ([http://www.solvalou.com/subpage/arcade_reviews/41/398/winning_run_/_winning_streak_review.html January 1989])</ref>}} '''Mega Drive/Genesis''' September 29, 1990<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.famitsu.com/cominy/?m=pc&a=page_h_title&title_id=7175 |title=ストライダー飛竜まとめ [メガドライブ] / ファミ通.com |website=Famitsu.com |date=2014-02-22 |accessdate=2016-03-11}}</ref> '''Master System''' 1991<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smspower.org/Games/Strider-SMS |title=Strider - Games |publisher=SMS Power! |date= |accessdate=2016-03-11}}</ref> '''PC Engine''' September 22, 1994<ref name="famitsu-pce"/> '''PlayStation''' {{vgrelease|JP|February 24, 2000|NA|July 29, 2000|EU|December 15, 2000}}'''Virtual Console''' {{vgrelease|JP|November 15, 2011|NA|February 16, 2012|PAL|March 15, 2012}}
|genre= [[Platform game|Platform]]
|modes= [[Single player]] (2-player alternating)
|platforms= [[Arcade game|Arcade]], [[Amiga]], [[Amstrad CPC]], [[Atari ST]], [[Commodore 64]], [[DOS]], [[PlayStation]], [[Sega Genesis]], [[Master System|Sega Master System]], [[Mega Drive|Sega Mega Drive]], [[Sharp X68000]], [[TurboGrafx CD]], [[Virtual Console]], [[Wii]], [[ZX Spectrum]]
|cabinet= Upright
|arcade system= [[CP System|CPS-1]]
|display= [[Raster graphics|Raster]], 384x224 pixels (horizontal), 4096 on-screen colors, 65,536 color depth<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arcade-history.com/?n=cp-system&page=detail&id=69707 |title=CP System arcade system by Capcom Co., Ltd. (1988) |website=Arcade-history.com |date=2014-09-23 |accessdate=2016-03-11}}</ref>
}}

'''''Strider''''', released in Japan as {{Nihongo|'''''Strider Hiryū'''''|ストライダー飛竜}}, is a [[1989 in video gaming|1989]] [[side-scrolling]] [[platform game]] developed and released for the [[CP System]] [[arcade game|arcade]] hardware by [[Capcom]]. ''Strider'' is a [[hack and slash]] [[Platform game|platformer]] set in a [[dystopian]] future in the year 2048 and features a wide range of settings that dramatically affect gameplay. 
''Strider'' marked the video game debut of [[Strider Hiryu|Hiryu]], a member of a secret group of ninjas known as the “Striders” shortly after the character's 1988 debut as the main character in a [[manga]] titled ''Strider Hiryu''. Hiryu went on to become the main protagonist of a long-running series of video games and one of Capcom's most popular characters.
The arcade game is part of a three-way cooperation between Capcom and manga publisher [[Moto Kikaku]], which also includes a manga book and an [[NES]] [[Strider (NES video game)|video game]]. 
[[Porting|Ports]] for the [[Amiga]], [[Amstrad CPC]], [[Atari ST]], [[Commodore 64]], [[DOS]] and [[ZX Spectrum]] were developed by [[Tiertex]] and published by [[U.S. Gold]] in 1989.
[[Sega]] ported ''Strider'' to its own [[Sega Genesis|Genesis]] console in 1990 to wide acclaim. Of all home versions, the Genesis adaptation is considered the most successful, it won the 1990 Video Game of the Year and Best Graphics in a Video Game awards from ''[[Electronic Gaming Monthly]]'' and was featured in the book ''[[1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die]]''. ''Strider'''s innovative, fast-paced gameplay is cited as a major influence on several popular video game franchises such as ''[[Ninja Gaiden]]'', ''[[Devil May Cry]]'' and ''[[God of War (franchise)|God of War]]''. It became one of Capcom's early big hits prior to ''[[Street Fighter II]]'', hailed for its innovative gameplay, diverse and unique music, and multilingual voice samples.

==Gameplay== 
[[Image:Strider.png|thumb|left|The Kazakh SSR stage]]

The controls of ''Strider'' consist of an eight-way joystick and two action buttons for attacking and jumping. The player controls the protagonist [[Strider Hiryu]], whose main weapon is a [[tonfa]]-like plasma sword known as "Cypher". He can perform numerous acrobatic feats depending on the joystick/button combination used. Pressing the jump button while Hiryu is standing still will cause him to do a regular vertical jump, while pressing the jump button while pushing the joystick left or right will enable him to do a cartwheel jump. Hiryu can also slide under or through certain obstacles and enemies by first crouching down and then pressing the jump button. As well as his sliding move, both jumps can also be used to destroy weaker opponents. Hiryu is able to latch onto certain platforms, and climb across walls and ceilings using a metallic hook. While running down a sloped surface, Hiryu can gain enough momentum to allow him to do a longer cartwheel jump than usual.

Numerous power-ups can be obtained from item boxes carried by certain enemies. These include an extension to Hiryu's attack range that lasts for one hundred slashes, two types of health aids (represented by the [[kanji]] used to write Hiryu's name: [[wiktionary:飛|飛]] and 飛竜), a max health extension (represented by the kanji [[wiktionary:竜|竜]], the second character in Hiryu's name), an [[extra life]], and a power-up that not only makes Hiryu invulnerable to attack but also increases his own attack abilities via shadow images of himself for 15 seconds.<ref name=psmanualp17>{{cite video game|title=Strider 2|developer=Capcom|platform=PlayStation|level=Instruction manual, page 17}}</ref> Hiryu can also summon robotic companions known collectively as "options" that help him fight enemies. These consist of up to two [[mushroom]]-like droids, a [[Saber-toothed cat|saber-toothed robo tiger]] and a robot [[hawk]], known individually as Options A, B and C respectively.<ref name=psmanualp18>{{cite video game|title=Strider 2|developer=Capcom|platform=PlayStation|level=Instruction manual, page 18}}</ref>

The game has five stages: the [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic]] (called "[[St. Petersburg]]" during the arcade game's attract sequence), the [[Siberia]]n Wilderness, the Aerial Battleship Balrog (געלראב), the [[Amazon rainforest|Amazonian Jungle]], and the Grandmaster's lair itself, the Third Moon. Each of the stages is divided into a number of smaller sections, each with their own time limit and checkpoint location. The player has a three-point health gauge (which can be increased to five points with the health extensions). Hiryu will lose a life when either his health gauge is fully depleted, by moving him off the screen entirely (like falling into a bottomless pit) or when the game's timer reaches zero. It is [[Game Over]] when all of Hiryu's lives are lost, but the player can be given the opportunity to continue.

==Plot== 
{{More plot|date=April 2015}}

''Strider'' is set in a [[dystopia]]n future in the year 2048, where a mysterious dictator known as the "Grandmaster" rules over the world. [[Strider Hiryu|Hiryu]], the youngest ever Super A Ranked<ref name=TopLeftCorner>{{cite web|url=http://www.arcade-gear.com/Games/Strider_Hiryu/Strider_Hiryu_Art_0-2.jpg |accessdate=February 28, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517164112/http://arcade-gear.com/Games/Strider_Hiryu/Strider_Hiryu_Art_0-2.jpg |archivedate=May 17, 2013 }}</ref> member of an organization of high-tech [[ninja]] agents known as the "Striders", is alone tasked with the Grandmaster's assassination. Hiryu begins his mission by infiltrating the Grandmaster's capital at the [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic]], a [[Federation]] referred as Eastern European which became the Imperial Capital of the [[Russian Empire]] by the year 2048.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Strider Hiryû (Japanese). Instruction manual, Megadrive|last=|first=|publisher=Sega|year=September 1990|isbn=|location=page 18|pages=}}</ref> The game features multilingual voice clips during cutscenes (presented in [[English language|English]], [[Japanese language|Japanese]], [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] and [[Russian language|Russian]]).

==Development==
The arcade version of ''Strider'' was part of a three-way project conceived in a collaboration between [[Capcom]] and Hiroshi Motomiya's manga studio [[Moto Kikaku]], which also included the ''Strider Hiryu'' [[manga]] by Moto Kikaku's Tatsumi Wada that was published in [[Kodansha]]'s ''Comic Computique'' anthology in Japan, as well as the [[Strider (NES video game)|NES version of ''Strider'']]. Kouichi Yotsui, director of the coin-op ''Strider'' (who is credited as Isuke in the game), was chosen for his experience with the [[CP System]] hardware while working as a background designer on ''[[Ghouls 'n Ghosts]]''. The three projects were developed independently of each other.<ref name=Gameside>{{Cite journal|last1=Tane|first1=Kiyofume|last2=Gaijin Punch (translation)|title=The Father of Strider Who Made the Game World Explode: Kouichi Yotsui Discography|journal=Gameside|issue=16|date=February 2009|url=http://www.gamengai.com/cmnt_inf.php?id=2313&type=translation&p=2|accessdate=30 Dec 2009}}</ref>

The original arcade game soundtrack was composed entirely by female video game music composer Junko Tamiya, who was not credited for her work in the arcade version but was mentioned as part of the original arcade staff in some console adaptations. Early revisions of the arcade game were missing the unique music for the Aerial Battleship and Third Moon stages. In this version the music from the first stage of the game was repeated here instead.<ref name="Tamiya"/>

''Strider'' contains many different styles of themes that change dynamically throughout the game according to the stages and the situations on screen. These range from [[experimental music|experimental]] and [[art rock|progressive]] futuristic [[sci-fi]] action themes to [[baroque music|baroque]], [[indigenous music|tribal]] and [[classical music|classical]] music pieces. Elements from the soundtrack have also been used in other Capcom games where Hiryu has appeared. These include the ''[[Marvel vs. Capcom (series)|Marvel vs. Capcom]]'' series as well as other ''Strider'' related games.<ref name="Tamiya"/>

==Home versions==
Ports of ''Strider'' for the [[Amiga]], [[Amstrad CPC]], [[Atari ST]], [[Commodore 64]], [[DOS]], and [[ZX Spectrum]] were published by [[U.S. Gold]] and developed by [[Tiertex]] in 1989. The U.S. Gold versions has the order of the third and fourth stages swapped (the order of the [[cut-scene]]s were kept the same, causing a continuity error), and the final battle with the Grandmaster missing (the last stages ends with the battle against the giant robot gorilla Mecha Pong). As a result, the ending was changed to reveal that the events of the game were a simulation that the player was going through. All five versions featured downgraded graphics, less music and missing enemies compared to the arcade version. Additionally, the controls were modified so that the game would be compatible with one-button joystick controllers. Despite these changes, all of the U.S. Gold releases received high review scores by computer game magazines of the time. Later, in 1992, the assets of the Amiga versions were used for the conversion on the [[Sega Master System]], also made by Tiertex. A final fight with the Grandmaster was added in this version, but the ending credits continue to say that all was just a simulation.

[[Sega]] produced their home version of ''Strider'' for the [[Mega Drive|Mega Drive/Genesis]], which was released in Japan on September 29, 1990, with subsequent releases in North America and the [[PAL region]]. It was advertised as one of the first 8-Megabit cartridges for the system, and went on to be a bestseller.<ref>[https://archive.is/20140615174929/http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=C+VG/Issue110/Pages/CVG11000078.jpg]</ref>  This version was also re-released for the [[Wii]] [[Virtual Console]] in Japan on November 15, 2011 and later in North America on February 16, 2012. The Genesis/Mega Drive version contains a different ending from the arcade game. This ending shows the destruction of the final stage as the game's protagonist makes good his escape. This is then followed by the main credit sequence that sees Hiryu flying his glider in space and reminiscing about the various encounters he had during his mission as he heads back to earth. The ending theme was an edited combination of two separate pieces of music planned for the arcade game, but replaced with a repeat of the first level music.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=sTxZ-uwcf04#t=2785 |title=Capcom Game Syndrome (Laserdisc) |publisher=YouTube.com |date= |accessdate=2015-04-09}}</ref> Computer magazine [[ACE (magazine)|ACE]] considered the previous Amiga conversion to be "as good as this one".<ref name="ace"/>

Capcom separately produced a version for the [[Sharp X68000]] computer in 1991, releasing it exclusively in Japan. It is a very close reproduction of the arcade original, with minimal changes.

[[NEC|NEC Avenue]] produced a [[Turbografx-16|PC Engine]] version of ''Strider Hiryu'', which was released exclusively in Japan on September 22, 1994. The PC Engine version was released as a [[CD-ROM]]² title which requires the Arcade Card expansion. The PC Engine port features an all-new desert stage that was not in the arcade version, as well as newly recorded cut-scenes, music and dialogue, with Japanese voice actor [[Kaneto Shiozawa]] as the voice of Hiryu and [[Kōji Totani]] as the Grand Master. The PC Engine version is notable for its long development process, having been planned in various formats, including the ill-fated [[SuperGrafx]] at one point.<ref name="supergrafx">{{cite web|last=Scion|url=http://www.lscmainframe.net/features/supergrafx/|title=The Rumored SuperGrafx Conversion|publisher=LSCM 4.0|accessdate=21 Dec 2009}}</ref>

The [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]] version of ''Strider'' was first released by Capcom in 2000 as a second disc which came packaged with the PlayStation version of ''[[Strider 2]]''. The North American release has the ''Strider'' and ''Strider 2'' game code pressed onto the wrong disc. This version was reissued separately in Japan on October 24, 2006 as part of the ''Capcom Game Books'' series, which included an extended manual and strategy guide for the game.<ref name="capcombooks">{{cite web|url=http://books.capcom.co.jp/product/game/gamebook-hiryu.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081017135548/http://books.capcom.co.jp/product/game/gamebook-hiryu.html|archivedate=2008-10-17|script-title=ja:カプコンゲームブックスストライダー飛竜|language=Japanese|publisher=Wayback.archive.org|accessdate=2015-04-09}}</ref>

The original arcade version was included in the 2006 video game compilations ''[[Capcom Classics Collection|Capcom Classics Collection: Remixed]]'' for the [[PlayStation Portable]] and ''Capcom Classics Collection Vol. 2'' for the [[PlayStation 2]] and [[Xbox (console)|Xbox]]. A Japanese [[mobile phone]] version was released in 2010.<ref name="mobile">{{cite web| url=http://www.siliconera.com/2010/02/01/strider-arcade-game-swoops-on-to-cell-phones/| title=Strider Arcade Game Swoops On To Cell Phones| author=Spencer| date=2009-02-01| work=Siliconera.com|accessdate=2015-04-09}}</ref>

==Reception==
{{Video game reviews
| GR = 84% (SMD) (4 reviews)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/genesis/586497-strider/index.html |title=Strider for Genesis |publisher=GameRankings.com |date= |accessdate=2015-04-10}}</ref>
| agg1 = Defunct Games
| agg1Score = 91% (SMD) (10 reviews)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defunctgames.com/reviewcrew/7/strider-what-did-critics-think-in-1991 |title=Strider: What Did Critics Think in 1991? |publisher=Defunct Games |date= |accessdate=2016-03-11}}</ref>
| Allgame = {{Rating|4|5}} (ARC)<ref>{{cite web|url=//www.allgame.com/game.php?id=11206 |title=Strider - Overview - allgame |website=Web.archive.org |date=2014-12-10 |accessdate=2016-03-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210114459/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=11206 |archivedate=December 10, 2014 }}</ref> {{Rating|4.5|5}} (SMD)<ref>{{cite web|last=Alan |first=Brett |url=//www.allgame.com/game.php?id=11871&tab=review |title=Strider - Review - allgame |website=Web.archive.org |date=2014-12-11 |accessdate=2016-03-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211081257/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=11871&tab=review |archivedate=December 11, 2014 }}</ref> {{Rating|3|5}} (SMS)<ref>{{cite web|url=//www.allgame.com/game.php?id=17438 |title=Strider - Overview - allgame |website=Web.archive.org |date=2014-12-10 |accessdate=2016-03-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210150453/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=17438 |archivedate=December 10, 2014 }}</ref>
| CVG = 95% (SMD)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=C+VG/Issue109/Pages/CVG10900070.jpg |title=Archive - Magazine viewer |publisher=World of Spectrum |date= |accessdate=2013-02-28}}</ref> 92% (ST) 88% (CPC)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/cvg-magazine-094/CVG_094_Sep_1989#page/n15/mode/2up |title=CVG Magazine Issue 094 |website=Archive.org |date= |accessdate=2016-03-11}}</ref>
| EGM = 36/40 (SMD)<ref>''Electronic Gaming Monthly'', issue 16, November 1990, page 20</ref>
| Fam = 30/40 (SMD)<ref>''プレイステーション - ストライダー飛竜1&2''. Weekly Famitsu. No.915 Pt.2. Pg.23. 30 June 2006.</ref> 20/40 (PCE)<ref name="famitsu-pce">{{cite web|url=http://www.famitsu.com/cominy/?m=pc&a=page_h_title&title_id=7717 |title=ストライダー飛竜まとめ [PCエンジン] / ファミ通.com |website=Famitsu.com |date=2014-02-22 |accessdate=2016-03-11}}</ref>
| GamePro = 22/25 (SMD)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://segaretro.org/index.php?title=File:VideoGameGreatestHits_US_1991-07.pdf&page=55 |title=File:VideoGameGreatestHits US 1991-07.pdf |publisher=Sega Retro |date=2015-08-06 |accessdate=2016-03-11}}</ref>
| GSpy = 9/10 (SMD)<ref>{{cite web|url=//hg101.classicgaming.gamespy.com/genesis/strider.htm |title=Classic Review Archive - Strider |website=Web.archive.org |date=2008-08-26 |accessdate=2016-03-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080826004211/http://hg101.classicgaming.gamespy.com/genesis/strider.htm |archivedate=August 26, 2008 }}</ref>
| NLife = {{Rating|9|10}} (SMD)<ref>{{cite web|last=McFerran |first=Damien |url=http://www.nintendolife.com/reviews/vc/strider_megadrive |title=Strider Review - MD |publisher=Nintendo Life |date=2012-02-17 |accessdate=2016-03-11}}</ref>
| YSinclair = 89% (ARC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.solvalou.com/subpage/arcade_reviews/65/336/strider_review.html |title=Strider arcade game review |website=Solvalou.com |date= |accessdate=2016-03-11}}</ref> 90% (ZX)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ysrnry.co.uk/articles/strider.htm |title=Strider |publisher=Ysrnry.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2013-02-28}}</ref>
| rev1 = ''[[ACE (games magazine)|ACE]]''
| rev1Score = 919/1000 (SMD)<ref name="ace">[https://archive.is/20160110100756/http://amr.abime.net/amr_popup_picture.php?src=ace/magscans/ace40_1991_01/103.jpg&c=64195&n=1&filesize=309698]</ref> 910/1000 (AMI) 910/1000 (ST) 876/1000 (CPC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=ACE/Issue25/Pages/ACE2500047.jpg |title=Archive - Magazine viewer |publisher=World of Spectrum |date= |accessdate=2013-02-28}}</ref>
| rev2 = ''[[Commodore User]]''
| rev2Score = 8/10 (ARC)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/commodore-user-magazine-67/Commodore_User_Issue_67_1989_Apr#page/n89/mode/2up |title=Commodore User Magazine Issue 67 |publisher=Archive.org |date= |accessdate=2013-02-28}}</ref>
| rev3 = ''[[:fr:Joystick (magazine)|Joystick]]''
| rev3Score = 96% (SMD)<ref>''Joystick'', issue 10, page 108</ref> 80% (SMS)<ref>''Joystick'', issue 21, page 169</ref>
| rev4 = ''[[Mean Machines]]''
| rev4Score = 92% (SMD)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outofprintarchive.com/articles/reviews/MegaDrive/Strider-MeanMachines2-4.html |title=Out-of-Print Archive Mega Drive/Genesis reviews Strider |publisher=Outofprintarchive.com |date= |accessdate=2013-02-28}}</ref> 67% (SMS)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meanmachinesmag.co.uk/review/106/strider.php |title=Strider - Sega Master System - Mean Machines review |website=Meanmachinesmag.co.uk |date=2008-12-04 |accessdate=2016-03-11}}</ref>
| rev5 = ''[[Mega (magazine)|Mega]]''
| rev5Score = 89% (SMD)<ref>''Mega'' issue 9, page 23, [[Future Publishing]], June 1993.</ref>
| rev6 = ''[[MegaTech]]''
| rev6Score = 91% (SMD)<ref>''MegaTech'' issue 5, [[EMAP]], page 78, May 1992.</ref>
| rev7 = ''[[Sega Power]]''
| rev7Score = 10/10 (SMD)<ref>''Sega Power'', issue 23, page 54</ref> 74% (SMS)<ref>''Sega Power'', issue 26, pages 24-25</ref>
| award1Pub = ''[[Electronic Gaming Monthly]]''
| award1 = [[List of Game of the Year awards|Best Game of the Year]], Best Graphics in a Video Game<ref name="egm15"/>
}}
Upon its release, ''[[Electronic Gaming Monthly|EGM]]'' was impressed with the Genesis port, devoting portions of three separate issues to it, awarding it with best [[Game of the Year|video game of the year]] in 1990 and winner of their best graphics category.<ref name="egm15">{{Cite journal|title=The 1991 Video Game Buyer's Guide|journal=Electronic Gaming Monthly|issue=15|date=October 1990|pages=14–20}}</ref> In 1992, ''[[Mega (magazine)|Mega]]'' placed ''Strider'' at 31st spot in their list of top Mega Drive games of all time.<ref>''Mega'' magazine issue 1, page 76, [[Future Publishing]], October 1992.</ref>

''Strider'' has remained fondly remembered for years, having spawned numerous fansites and retrospectives.<ref name="hg101">{{cite web|last=Plasket|first=Michael|url=http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/strider/strider.htm|title=Strider|publisher=Hardcore Gaming 101|accessdate=21 Dec 2009}}</ref><ref name="sega16">{{cite web|last=Horowitz|first=Ken|url=http://sega-16.com/feature_page.php?id=112&title=History%20of:%20The%20Strider%20Series|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114184743/http://sega-16.com/feature_page.php?id=112&title=History%20of:%20The%20Strider%20Series|archivedate=2010-01-14|title=History of: The Strider Series|publisher=Sega-16.com|date=31 May 2005|accessdate=21 Dec 2009}}</ref><ref name="retroign">{{cite web|last=Fahs|first=Travis|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/08/20/the-shrouded-past-of-strider-hiryu|title=The Shrouded Past of Strider Hiryu|publisher=IGN|date=20 Aug 2008|accessdate=21 Dec 2009}}</ref> In 2010, [[UGO.com]] included ''Strider'' in their list of the 25 video games that need sequels,<ref>[http://www.ugo.com/games/strider-1 25 Games That Need Sequels], UGO.com, November 23, 2010.</ref> and ''[[Game Informer]]'' included it on the list of ten gaming franchises that should be revived: "Imagine the sidescrolling insanity of the ''[[Metal Slug]]'' series, but replace grizzled soldiers with a badass ninja. That's ''Strider'', and it's awesome."<ref>{{cite web|last=One |first=The |url=http://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2010/06/30/ten-franchises-that-deserve-a-revival.aspx?PostPageIndex=2 |title=Ten Franchises That Deserve A Revival - Features |publisher=www.GameInformer.com |date=2010-06-30 |accessdate=2013-02-28}}</ref> That same year, the game was also included as one of the titles in the book ''[[1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die]]''.<ref>{{cite book|title=1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die|last=Mott |first=Tony |authorlink=|year=2010 |publisher=[[Quintessence Editions Ltd.]]|location=London |isbn=978-1-74173-076-0 |page=362}}</ref> [[ScrewAttack]] named it as the [[ScrewAttack's Top 10|best Genesis game ever made]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gametrailers.com/videos/irec20/screwattack-s-top-ten-top-20-genesis-games--10-1- |title=ScrewAttack's Top Ten Video - Top 20 Genesis Games (10-1) |series=[[ScrewAttack's Top 10]] |publisher=GameTrailers |date= |accessdate=2013-07-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H9BfR91oc4E |title=ScrewAttack's Video Game Vault- Strider (Genesis) |publisher=Youtube.com |date=2006-07-20 |accessdate=2013-07-31}}</ref> and ''[[Retro Gamer]]'' included it among the top ten Mega Drive games.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.retrogamer.net/top_10/top-ten-mega-drive-games/ |title=Top Ten Mega Drive Games |publisher=Retrogamer.com |date=2014-01-07 |accessdate=2015-04-09}}</ref>

According to ''Retro Gamer''{{'}}s Darran Jones, "everything about Strider was epic. Its backgrounds were brilliantly designed and featured an array of exotic locations, while its sprite design was superb. There was a uniqueness to ''Strider'' art design that gave it a distinctive look back in 1989 and still makes it stand out brilliantly today. Its a mysterious mish-mash of different cultures that ensured it stood out from its arcade peers." Jones also praised the game's "stunning animation", gameplay, and controls, as well as its "superbly atmospheric" soundtrack.<ref name=ug>"Ultimate Guide: Strider" in ''Retro Gamer'' 121.</ref>

==Legacy==

===NES game===
{{Main|Strider (NES video game)}}

[[Strider (NES video game)|''Strider'']] was released for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]] exclusively in North America a few months after the arcade version's release. This version was produced alongside the arcade game but follows the plot of [[Moto Kikaku]]'s tie-in manga. A [[Famicom]] version of the same game was planned for release in Japan, but never made it to the shelves.

===Sequels===
{{Main|Strider II|Strider 2}}

Under license from Capcom U.S.A., [[U.S. Gold]] and [[Tiertex]] produced a ''Strider'' sequel in Europe titled ''[[Strider II]]'' (released in North America as ''Journey From Darkness: Strider Returns'') for various computer platforms, as well as the [[Sega Genesis|Sega Genesis/Mega Drive]], [[Game Gear]], and [[Master System]] home consoles. This European-produced sequel was not released in Japan. Like the previous conversions of the original game, the quality of this one was very low. Capcom later produced another sequel, unrelated to the Tiertex-produced ''Strider Returns'', titled ''[[Strider 2]]'', which was released for the arcades and the [[PlayStation]] in 2000.

===Reboot===
{{Main|Strider (2014 video game)}}

An untitled ''Strider'' reboot game was being developed by [[Grin (company)|Grin]] in 2009, before being canceled by [[Capcom]], soon after ''[[Bionic Commando (2009 video game)|Bionic Commando]]'' was released.<ref name="euro">{{cite web|last=Yin |first=Wesley |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-02-21-bionic-commando-dev-grin-worked-on-strider-reboot-streets-of-rage-remake |title=Bionic Commando dev Grin worked on Strider reboot, Streets of Rage remake News |publisher=Eurogamer.net |date=2012-02-21 |accessdate=2013-02-28}}</ref> An all-new ''[[Strider (2014 video game)|Strider]]'' remake was developed by [[Double Helix Games]] and released on [[PlayStation Network]] for the [[PlayStation 3]] and [[PlayStation 4]], [[Xbox Live Arcade]] for the [[Xbox 360]] and [[Xbox One]], and [[Steam (software)|Steam]] in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://magx01.blogspot.ca/2013/07/new-strider-game-announced.html |title=New Strider Game Announced!!! ~ The Thoughtful Gamers |publisher=Magx01.blogspot.ca |date=2013-07-18 |accessdate=2013-07-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamefreaks.co.nz/2013/07/19/capcom-unveils-next-gen-strider-game-san-diego-comiccon/ |title=Capcom reveals new Strider game at Comic-Con, developed by Double Helix |publisher=Gamefreaks |date=2013-07-19 |accessdate=2013-07-31 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113202710/http://www.gamefreaks.co.nz/2013/07/19/capcom-unveils-next-gen-strider-game-san-diego-comiccon/ |archivedate=2014-01-13 |df= }}</ref>

===Other appearances===
{{Main|Strider Hiryu}}

Strider Hiryu also appears as a playable character in the 1998 fighting game ''[[Marvel vs. Capcom: Clash of Super Heroes]]'', which was followed by ''[[Marvel vs. Capcom 2: New Age of Heroes]]'' in 2000. Hiryu has also made minor appearances in other Capcom-related games such as ''[[SNK vs. Capcom: Card Fighters Clash]]'', ''[[Namco × Capcom]]'', ''[[Project X Zone 2]]'' and ''[[Capcom World 2|Adventure Quiz: Capcom World 2]]'', including a small cameo appearance in [[Ken Masters|Ken]]'s stage in ''[[Street Fighter Alpha 2]]''. Hiryu was one of the characters intended to appear in the unreleased 3D fighting game ''[[Capcom Fighting All-Stars]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://game.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/20020902/sin.htm|title=JAMMAショーに先がけて公開!「CAPCOM新作対戦格闘(仮称)」|language=Japanese|publisher=Game.watch.impress.co.jp|accessdate=2015-04-09}}</ref> Hiryu's latest guest appearance was in the 2011 fighting game ''[[Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3]]'' which marked his characters official 3D debut; this game is also notable as being the first where he is voiced in English. 

===Related games===
{{Main|Osman (video game)|Moon Diver|Run Saber}}

''Strider'' director Kouichi Yotsui left Capcom soon after its release. He later designed [[Osman (video game)|an unofficial, coin-operated sequel]] for [[Mitchell Corporation]] in 1996. Yotsui considers that game, titled ''Cannon-Dancer'' in Japan and ''[[Osman (video game)|Osman]]'' in the West, a "self-parody" of his work on ''Strider''.<ref name=Gameside /> ''[[Moon Diver]]'' is a 2011 [[Square Enix]] game that shares some of the same gameplay elements and was also created by Yotsui.<ref>{{cite web|last=Yin |first=Wesley |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2011-03-30-father-of-strider-talks-moon-diver |title="Father" of Strider talks Moon Diver |publisher=Eurogamer.net |date=2011-03-30 |accessdate=2015-04-09}}</ref> The game [[Run Saber]], released by [[Atlus]] in 1993 for the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|Super Nintendo]], is often compared to Strider due to them being similar in gameplay.

===Influence===
According to [[Eurogamer]], ''Strider'' was a vital influence on video game franchises such as ''[[Devil May Cry]]'', ''[[Ninja Gaiden]]'' and ''[[God of War (franchise)|God of War]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fahey |first=Rob |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/strider-1-2-review |title=Strider 1/2 • |website=Eurogamer.net |date=2007-01-01 |accessdate=2016-03-11}}</ref> British rapper [[Tinchy Stryder]] named himself partially after ''Strider'', which he often played as a boy.<ref>{{cite web|author=Simon Hattenstone |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/mar/24/tinchy-stryder-saturday-interview |title=The Saturday interview: Tinchy Stryder | Music |publisher=Theguardian.com |date= |accessdate=2015-04-10}}</ref> On October 2012, Brazilian guitarist Pedro Pimentel releasead a tribute theme to this game series - also named "Strider" and included in his debut solo album (self-tilted). As published in the Brazilian edition of Guitar Player magazine (March 2013), "'Strider' is a composition with a very modern theme and great guitar solos. Good quality recording and very tasteful tones.".<ref>{{cite web|author=Ciro Visconti |url=https://myspace.com/pedropimentelofficial/mixes/pedro-pimentel-161717/photo/8887004 |title=Destaques da Web |publisher=guitarplayer.com.br |date= |accessdate=2013-01-03}}</ref>

==Further reading==
*"The making of... ''Strider''" in ''[[Retro Gamer]]'' 76 (April 2010)

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{KLOV game|id=9838|name=Strider}}
* {{MobyGames|id=/strider|name=''Strider''}}
*[http://hg101.kontek.net/strider/strider.htm Hardcore Gaming 101: ''Strider'']

{{Strider series}}
{{Franchises by Capcom}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Strider (Arcade Game)}}
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Ethnic demography of Kazakhstan

2017-04-12T01:58:40Z

Crossswords:

[[File:Kazakhstan European 2016 Rus.png|thumb|European people in Kazakhstan, 2016.]]
[[Kazakhstan]] is multiethnic country where the indigenous ethnic group - the [[Kazakhs]], comprise the majority of the population. According to the 2016 census<ref name="KZ2016">[http://stat.gov.kz/getImg?id=ESTAT118979 Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на начало 2016 года]</ref> there are two dominant ethnic groups in [[Kazakhstan]]: ethnic [[Kazakhs]] (66.48%) and ethnic [[Russians]] (20.61%) with a wide array of other groups represented, including [[Ukrainians]], [[Uzbeks]], [[German people|Germans]], [[Koryosaram|Koreans]], and [[Uyghur people|Uyghurs]].

== History ==
Kazakhstan's dominant ethnic group, the [[Kazakhs]], traces its origin to the 15th century, when a number of [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] and some [[mongols|Mongol]] tribes united to establish the [[Kazakh Khanate]]. With a cohesive culture and a national identity, they constituted absolute majority on the land until Russian colonization. 
Russian advancement into the territory of Kazakhstan began in the late 18th century, when the Kazakhs nominally accepted Russian rule in exchange for protection against repeated attacks by the western Mongolian Kalmyks. In the 1890s, Russian peasants began to settle the fertile lands of northern Kazakhstan, causing many Kazakhs to move eastwards into Chinese territory in search of new grazing grounds.
[[File:Kazakhstan, USSR demographics.png|thumb|320px|Kazakhstan demographics 1897-1970. Major ethnic groups.]]

=== Drastic changes during the 20th century ===
A big factor that greatly shaped the ethnic composition of Kazakhstan were major [[famine]]s [[Kazakh famine of 1919–1922|of the 1920s]] and [[Kazakhstan famine of 1932-1933|of the 1930s]], caused by [[Droughts and famines in Russia and the Soviet Union|intermittent droughts]]. According to different estimates, in the 1930s up to 40% of Kazakhs either died of starvation or fled the territory.<ref>[http://rus.azattyq.org/content/Valery_Mikhailov/1357347.html Валерий Михайлов: Во время голода в Казахстане погибло 40 процентов населения]</ref> Official government census data report the contraction of Kazakh population from 3.6 million in 1926, to 2.3 million in 1939.{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}

By the mid 20th century, Kazakhstan was home to virtually all ethnic groups that had ever come under the Russian sphere of influence. This diverse demography stemmed from the country's central location and its historical use by Russia as a place to send colonists, [[dissident]]s, and minority groups from its other frontiers. From the 1930s until the 1950s, both Russian opposition (and Russians who were "accused" of being part of the opposition) and certain minorities (especially [[Volga German]]s, [[Poles]], Ukrainians, [[Crimean Tatars]] and [[Kalmyk people|Kalmyks]]) had been interned in labor camps, often merely due to their heritage or beliefs, mostly on collective orders by [[Joseph Stalin]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}} This makes Kazakhstan one of the few places on [[Earth]] where normally-disparate [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]], [[Indo-Iranians|Indo-Iranian]], [[Koryosaram|Koreans]], [[Chechen people|Chechen]], and [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] groups live together in a rural setting and not as a result of modern immigration. {{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}

After the [[fall of the Soviet Union]], the German population of Kazakhstan proceeded to emigrate en masse during the 1990s {{cn|date=March 2016}}, as [[Germany]] was willing to repatriate them. Also, many of the [[Greeks|Greek]] took the chance to repatriate to [[Greece]], and many Russians went back to [[Russia]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}} Some groups have fewer good options for emigration but because of the economic situation are also leaving at rates comparable to the rest of the former [[East bloc]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}

=== Ethnic Composition of Kazakhstan ===
Table:<ref name=UNHR>
[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/minorities/docs/WP5.doc Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]: data for 1959-1999 ('''Internet Archive''' v. 27 November 2007)</ref><ref>Alexandrov, Mikhail. ''Uneasy Alliance: Relations Between Russia and Kazakhstan in the Post-Soviet Era, 1992-1997.'' Greenwood Press, 1999, ISBN 978-0-313-30965-6</ref><ref>
[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.stat.kz/index.php?lang=rus&uin=1176791556&chapter=1176791809 Demographic situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2006], Agency on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan ('''Internet Archive''' v. 11 October 2007) {{ru icon}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.kz/p_perepis/Pages/n_04_02_10.aspx |title=Archived copy |accessdate=June 1, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628101359/http://www.stat.kz/p_perepis/Pages/n_04_02_10.aspx |archivedate=June 28, 2010 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"
!align="left"| Nationality !! 1897 - % !! 1911 - % !! 1926 - % !! 1939 - % !! 1959 - % !! 1970 - % !! 1979 - % !! 1989 - % !! 1999 - % !! 2009 - % !! 2014 - %</tr>
|align="left"| Kazakh || 73.9 || 60.8 || 59.5 || 38.0 || 30.0 || 32.6 || 36.0 || 39.7 || 53.4 || 63.1 || 65.5</tr>
|align="left"| Russian || 12.8 || 27.0 || 18.0 || 40.2 || 42.7 || 42.4 || 40.8 || 37.4 || 29.9 || 23.7 || 21.5</tr>
|align="left"| Uzbek || 1.3 || 1.1 || 3.2 || 1.7 || 1.1 || 1.7 || 1.8 || 2.0 || 2.5 || 2.8 || 3.0</tr>
|align="left"| Ukrainian || * || * || 12.4 || 10.8 || 8.2 || 7.2 || 6.1 || 5.4 || 3.7 || 2.1 || 1.8</tr>
|align="left"| Uyghur || - || - || - || - || 0.6 || 0.9 || 1.0 || 1.1 || 1.4 || 1.4 || 1.4</tr>
|align="left"| Tatar || 1.1 || 1.1 || 0.7 || 1.6 || 1.5 || 2.2 || 2.1 || 2.0 || 1.7 || 1.3 || 1.2</tr>
|align="left"| German || - || - || 0.7 || 1.5 || 7.1 || 6.6 || 6.1 || 5.8 || 2.4 || 1.1 || 1.1</tr>
|align="left"| Korean || - || - || - || - || 0.8 || 0.6 || 0.6 || 0.6 || 0.7 || 0.6 || 0.6</tr>
|align="left"| Belarusian || * || * || - || 0.5 || 1.2 || 1.5 || 1.2 || 1.1 || 0.8 || 0.4 || 0.4</tr>
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki> For 1897 and 1911 "Russians" includes Ukrainians and Belarusians.

{|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
!'''Ethnic Group'''
!'''Population'''
|----
|'''Total'''
|'''16,009,597'''
|----
|Kazakh
|10,096,763
|----
|Russian
|3,793,764
|----
|Uzbek
|456,997
|----
|Ukrainian
|333,031
|----
|Uighur
|224,713
|----
|Tatar
|204,229
|----
|German
|178,409
|----
|Korean
|100,385
|----
|Turk
|97,015
|----
|Azeri
|85,292
|----
|Belarusian
|66,476
|----
|Dungan
|51,944
|----
|Kurd
|38,325
|----
|Tajik
|36,277
|----
|Polish
|34,057
|----
|Chechen
|31,431
|----
|Kyrgyz
|23,274
|----
|Bashkir
|17,263
|----
|Ingush
|15,120
|----
|Moldvin
|14,245
|----
|Armene
|13,776
|----
|Greek
|8,846
|----
|Mordvin
|8,013
|----
|Chuvash
|7,301
|----
|Udmurt
|5,824
|----
|Georgian
|4,990
|----
|Lithuanian
|4,925
|----
|Persian
|4,819
|----
|Bulgarian
|4,523
|----
|Marij
|4,416
|----
|Gipsy
|4,065
|----
|Jewish
|3,485
|----
|Lezghin
|3,481
|----
|Chinese
|3,424
|----
|Karakalpak
|2,828
|----
|Turkmen
|2,234
|----
|Balkar
|1,798
|----
|Indo-Pak
|1,783
|----
|Crimean Tatar
|1,532
|----
|Osset
|1,326
|----
|Avar
|1,202
|----
|Latvian
|1,123
|----
|Karachai
|995
|----
|Estonian
|986
|----
|Dargin
|790
|----
|Afghan
|659
|----
|Arab
|618
|----
|Permyak
|561
|----
|Karelian
|518
|----
|Gagauz
|493
|----
|Kumyk
|481
|----
|Albanian
|459
|----
|Khant
|429
|----
|Kalmyk
|422
|----
|Romanian
|421
|----
|American
|411
|----
|Lak
|382
|----
|Finn
|373
|----
|Mongol
|365
|----
|Maghiar
|357
|----
|Buriot
|346
|----
|Nogai
|276
|----
|Czech
|271
|----
|Udin
|247
|----
|Karaim
|231
|----
|Kabarda
|226
|----
|Khakass
|223
|----
|Tabasaran
|222
|----
|Altay
|221
|----
|Serb
|213
|----
|Italian
|209
|----
|Assyrian
|195
|----
|English
|191
|----
|Baloch
|137
|----
|Talysh
|132
|----
|Koryak
|121
|----
|Sakha
|119
|----
|Slovak
|115
|----
|Cherkess
|111
|----
|Croat
|102
|----
|Shor
|96
|----
|Agul
|94
|----
|Tat
|93
|----
|Adyghe
|87
|----
|Rutul
|82
|----
|Abkhaz
|76
|----
|French
|73
|----
|Austrian
|61
|----
|Livv
|49
|----
|Dutch
|46
|----
|Japanese
|46
|----
|Kuban
|45
|----
|Spanish
|41
|----
|Tyvin
|37
|----
|Viet
|35
|----
|Krymchak
|35
|----
|Vogul
|32
|----
|Mountain Jewish
|30
|----
|Abaza
|27
|----
|Chuvan
|25
|----
|Georgian Jewish
|23
|----
|Swede
|16
|----
|Komi
|15
|----
|Nanay
|14
|----
|Even
|11
|----
|Others
|8
|----
|Nenet
|7
|----
|Negidal
|6
|----
|Bukharan Jewish
|5
|----
|Chukchi
|5
|----
|Aleut
|4
|----
|Gilyak
|4
|----
|Dolgan
|3
|----
|Oroch
|3
|----
|Selkup
|2
|----
|Udihe
|2
|----
|Tsakhur
|2
|----
|Evenk
|2
|----
|Veps
|1
|----
|Izhor
|1
|----
|Ulch
|1
|----
|Itelmen
|0
|----
|Ket
|0
|----
|Rushani
|0
|----
|Sami
|0
|----
|Tofalar
|0
|----
|Ulta
|0
|----
|Shughnan
|0
|----
|Enets
|0
|----
|Yukaghir
|0
|----
|}

==Census of 1999==

'''Table: Ethnic Composition of Kazakhstan (Detailed Census Data)'''<ref>[http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Mes/pdf/51_cap1_2.pdf Ethnodemographic situation in Kazakhstan] on ide.go.jp (unidentified source)</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!'''Ethnic groups'''
!'''1999'''
!'''1989'''
!'''% change, 1989 to 1999'''
!'''% Of 1999 Pop'''
!'''% Of 1989 Pop'''
|----
|Total population
|14,953,126
|16,464,464
| -9.18
|100.00
|100.00
|----
|[[Kazakhs]]
|7,985,039
|6,534,616
|22.20
|53.40
|39.69
|----
|[[Russians in Kazakhstan|Russians]]
|4,479,618
|6,227,549
| -28.07
|29.95
|37.82
|----
|[[Ukrainians]]
|547,052
|896,240
| -38.96
|3.65
|5.44
|----
|[[Uzbeks]]
|370,663
|332,017
|11.64
|2.47
|2.02
|----
|[[Germans of Kazakhstan|Germans]]
|353,441
|957,518
| -63.09
|2.36
|5.82
|----
|[[Tatars]]
|248,952
|327,982
| -24.10
|1.66
|1.99
|----
|[[Uyghur people|Uyghurs]]
|210,339
|185,301
|13.51
|1.40
|1.13
|----
|[[Belarusians]]
|111,926
|182,601
| -38.70
|0.74
|1.11
|----
|[[Koreans in Kazakhstan|Koreans]]
|99,657
|103,315
| -3.54
|0.66
|0.63
|----
|[[Azeris]]
|78,295
|90,083
| -13.09
|0.52
|0.55
|----
|[[Poles]]
|47,297
|59,956
| -21.11
|0.31
|0.36
|----
|[[Dungan people|Dungans]]
|36,945
|30,165
|22.48
|0.24
|0.18
|----
|[[Kurdish people|Kurds]]
|32,764
|25,425
|28.87
|0.21
|0.15
|----
|[[Chechen people|Chechens]]
|31,799
|49,507
| -35.77
|0.21
|0.30
|----
|[[Tājik people|Tajiks]]
|25,657
|25,514
|0.56
|0.17
|0.15
|----
|[[Bashkirs]]
|23,224
|41,847
| -44.50
|0.15
|0.25
|----
|[[Moldovans]]
|19,458
|33,098
| -41.21
|0.13
|0.20
|----
|[[Ingush people|Ingush]]
|16,893
|19,914
| -15.17
|0.11
|0.12
|----
|[[Mordvins]]
|16,147
|30,036
| -46.24
|0.10
|0.18
|----
|[[Armenians in Kazakhstan|Armenians]]
|14,758
|19,119
| -22.81
|0.09
|0.12
|----
|[[Greeks in Kazakhstan|Greeks]]
|12,703
|46,746
| -72.83
|0.08
|0.28
|----
|[[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]]
|10,896
|14,112
| -22.79
|0.07
|0.09
|----
|[[Bulgarians in Kazakhstan|Bulgarians]]
|6,915
|10,426
| -33.68
|0.04
|0.06
|----
|[[Lezgins]]
|4,616
|13,905
| -66.80
|0.03
|0.08
|----
|[[Turkmen people|Turkmens]]
|1,729
|3,846
| -55.04
|0.01
|0.02
|----
|Other
|166,342
|203,626
| -18.31
|1.11
|1.24
|----
|No response
|1
|119
| -99.16
|0.00
|0.00
|----
|}

Total Slavic/European population 27.0% in 2009 (compared with 60.3% in 1959, 57.3% in 1970, 54.5% in 1979, 49.8% in 1989 and 39.0% in 1999).<ref name=UNHR/>

==Demographic data==

===Vital statistics===

As explained above, the Slavic groups have been declining ever since the 1960s, due to low birth rates and high death rates. Germans are characterized by very high birth rates, but it is mostly due to the high proportion of rural population and the presence of conservative religious factions like [[Mennonite]]s and Evangelical Lutherans among them.{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}

'''Table: Demographic characteristics of various ethnic groups of Kazakhstan'''<ref name="stat.kz">{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.kz/publishing/DocLib/Dem_Ezegod_2009%20CD.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=March 23, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705041402/http://www.stat.kz/publishing/DocLib/Dem_Ezegod_2009%20CD.pdf |archivedate=July 5, 2010 }}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
!'''Ethnic Group'''
!colspan=3|'''Births'''
!colspan=3|'''Deaths'''
!colspan=3|'''Natural Growth'''
!colspan=3|'''Birth Rate'''
!colspan=3|'''Death Rate'''
!colspan=3|'''Natural Growth'''
|----
|
|'''1999'''
|'''2007'''
|'''2008'''
|'''1999'''
|'''2007'''
|'''2008'''
|'''1999'''
|'''2007'''
|'''2008'''
|'''1999'''
|'''2007'''
|'''2008'''
|'''1999'''
|'''2007'''
|'''2008'''
|'''1999'''
|'''2007'''
|'''2008'''
|----
|'''Total'''
|217,578
|321,963
|356,575
|147,416
|158,297
|152,706
|70,162
|163,666
|203,869
|14.57
|20.79
|22.75
|9.87
|10.22
|9.74
|0.47%
|1.06%
|1.30%
|----
|'''Kazakh'''
|142,363
|227,002
|254,402
|52,337
|61,639
|61,397
|90,026
|165,363
|193,005
|17.77
|24.73
|27.06
|6.62
|6.82
|6.63
|1.12%
|1.79%
|2.04%
|----
|'''Russian'''
|39,215
|46,667
|49,134
|62,130
|62,151
|58,586
| -22,915
| -15,484
| -9,452
|8.84
|11.94
|12.68
|14.28
|16.30
|15.35
| -0.54%
| -0.44%
| -0.27%
|----
|'''Uzbek'''
|9,534
|13,398
|15,047
|2,224
|2,560
|2,828
|7,310
|10,838
|12,219
|25.54
|30.22
|33.02
|6.04
|5.91
|6.30
|1.95%
|2.43%
|2.67%
|----
|'''Ukrainian'''
|5,156
|4,936
|5,267
|11,426
|11,139
|10,506
| -6,270
| -6,203
| -5,239
|9.56
|11.37
|12.37
|21.55
|26.33
|25.06
| -1.20%
| -1.50%
| -1.27%
|----
|'''Uighur'''
|3,529
|5,424
|6,054
|1,187
|1,433
|1,495
|2,342
|3,991
|4,559
|16.72
|23.19
|25.34
|5.70
|6.12
|6.35
|1.10%
|1.71%
|1.90%
|----
|'''Tatar'''
|2,398
|3,143
|3,375
|3,363
|3,668
|3,398
| -965
| -525
| -23
|9.70
|13.87
|14.90
|13.88
|16.62
|15.23
|1.70%
| -0.28%
| -0.03%
|----
|'''German'''
|4,765
|4,267
|4,810
|3,524
|2,606
|2,585
|1,241
|1,661
|2,225
|13.97
|19.28
|21.81
|10.49
|12.06
|11.90
|0.35%
|0.72%
|0.99%
|----
|'''Others'''
|10,411
|15,889
|17,424
|8,651
|9,283
|9,168
|1,760
|6,606
|8,256
|13.79
|20.45
|22.23
|11.66
|12.19
|11.87
|0.21%
|0.83%
|1.04%
|----
|'''Unknown'''
|207
|1,237
|1,062
|2,574
|3,818
|2,743
| -2,367
| -2,581
| -1,681
|NA
|NA
|NA
|NA
|NA
|NA
|NA
|NA
|NA
|----
|}

===Inter-ethnic marriages===

Most of the inter-ethnic marriages in Kazakhstan has been between various Slavic or Germanic groups (Russian - Ukrainian, German - Ukrainian, Russian - Polish or German - Russian). Inter-marriages between Turkic and European ethnic groups are increasing, but still quite rare.

'''Table: Number of individuals married outside their ethnic group'''<ref name="stat.kz"/>
{|class="wikitable"
!'''Ethnic Group'''
!colspan=3|'''Males'''
!colspan=3|'''Females'''
|----
|
|'''1999'''
|'''2007'''
|'''2008'''
|'''1999'''
|'''2007'''
|'''2008'''
|----
|'''Total'''
|18,402
|26,632
|24,243
|18,402
|26,632
|24,243
|----
|'''Kazakh'''
|2,199
|4,981
|4,785
|1,542
|4,062
|3,874
|----
|'''Russian'''
|5,957
|7,795
|6,991
|7,431
|9,714
|8,544
|----
|'''Uzbek'''
|240
|714
|657
|200
|600
|537
|----
|'''Ukrainian'''
|2,717
|3,070
|2,555
|2,541
|2,858
|2,466
|----
|'''Uighur'''
|269
|658
|655
|224
|530
|525
|----
|'''Tatar'''
|948
|1,682
|1,425
|938
|1,651
|1,413
|----
|'''German'''
|2,844
|2,365
|2,048
|3,137
|2,566
|2,270
|----
|'''Other'''
|3,180
|5,351
|4,426
|2,313
|4,610
|4,010
|----
|'''Unknown'''
|48
|16
|701
|76
|41
|604
|----
|}

===Mechanical population movement===

Slavic and Germanic groups have been emigrating en masse since the 1960s, and the movement accelerated during the 1990s after the breakup of the Soviet Union. This has resulted in the reduction of the proportion of European ethnic groups in the population by more than half. More than 50% of the European Soviet ethnic groups have left Kazakhstan since 1989, and just 15% of the pre-1989 ethnic German population remains now in the country.

Most of the immigration has been directed towards Russia, but small numbers have been immigrating to Ukraine, Belarus and Armenia also. Before the German authorities stopped the repatriation of ethnic Germans and their non-German relatives, Germany was one of the most favored destination for all the ethnic groups. It is estimated that close to half of the 4.5 million Soviet Germans and their Slavic kin who now live in Germany are originally from Kazakhstan. Currently on average close to 2,000 ethnic Germans emigrate from Kazakhstan to ethnic German dominated areas in Russia such as [[Azovsky Nemetsky National District]] (Deutsche Nationalkreis Asowo) in [[Omsk Oblast]] and [[Nemetsky National District]] (Nationalkreis Halbstadt) in [[Altai Krai]]. Also, out of the 1.2 million Russian speaking Jews and Slavs who live in Israel, a significant portion is from Kazakhstan.

On the other hand, ethnic Kazakhs and Uzbeks have been immigrating to large numbers to Kazakhstan ever since the collapse of the USSR. These immigrants come not only from the southern Central Asian states such as Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, but also from the Kazakh dominated areas in Xinjiang and Mongolia. The Kazakh government is actively encouraging the settlement of these compatriots (known as ''[[Oralman]]'') in Slavic dominated North and East Kazakhstan as well as the German dominated [[Karaganda Region]], in order to dilute the minority populations there. There is also a low intensity immigration of ethnic Slavs from the less tolerant neighboring nations like Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan into Kazakhstan. An estimated 400,000 Uzbeks have migrated to Kazakhstan in recent years <ref>[http://www.economist.com/node/8896821 Central Asian Immigration: Steppe Change] The Economist. 22 March 2007</ref>

'''Table: Data on immigration in Kazakhstan'''<ref name="stat.kz"/>
{|class="wikitable"
!'''Ethnic Group'''
!colspan=9|'''Kazakhstan'''
|----
|
!colspan=3|'''Immigrants'''
!colspan=3|'''Emigrants'''
!colspan=3|'''Net Immigration'''
|----
|
|'''1999'''
|'''2007'''
|'''2008'''
|'''1999'''
|'''2007'''
|'''2008'''
|'''1999'''
|'''2007'''
|'''2008'''
|----
|'''Total'''
|41,320
|53,397
|46,404
|164,947
|42,435
|45,287
| -123,627
|10,962
|1,117
|----
|'''Kazakh'''
|10,909
|41,763
|35,081
|8,258
|2,269
|2,281
|2,651
|39,494
|32,800
|----
|'''Russian'''
|20,076
|6,658
|6,268
|91,489
|29,492
|31,631
| -71,413
| -22,834
| -25,363
|----
|'''Uzbek'''
|1,028
|446
|439
|962
|101
|137
|66
|345
|302
|----
|'''Ukrainian'''
|2,526
|601
|643
|15,315
|3,433
|3,676
| -12,789
| -2,832
| -3,033
|----
|'''Uighur'''
|95
|84
|111
|99
|40
|36
| -4
|44
|75
|----
|'''Tatar'''
|1,129
|476
|433
|3,971
|995
|1,034
| -2,842
| -519
| -601
|----
|'''German'''
|1,417
|517
|525
|32,921
|2,991
|3,146
| -31,504
| -2,474
| -2,621
|----
|'''Other'''
|4,140
|2,852
|2,904
|11,932
|3,114
|3,346
| -7,792
| -262
| -442
|----
|colspan=10|
|----
|
!colspan=9|'''CIS Nations'''
|----
|
|colspan=3|'''Immigrants'''
|colspan=3|'''Emigrants'''
|colspan=3|'''Net Immigration'''
|----
|
|'''1999'''
|'''2007'''
|'''2008'''
|'''1999'''
|'''2007'''
|'''2008'''
|'''1999'''
|'''2007'''
|'''2008'''
|----
|'''Total'''
|39,461
|42,613
|31,425
|120,240
|39,767
|42,908
| -80,779
|2,846
| -11,483
|----
|'''Kazakh'''
|19,796
|32,110
|21,222
|7,689
|2,082
|2,120
|2,432
|30,028
|19,102
|----
|'''Russian'''
|19,796
|6,308
|6,033
|81,020
|28,657
|30,775
| -61,224
| -22,349
| -24,742
|----
|'''Uzbek'''
|1,020
|441
|435
|921
|95
|126
|99
|346
|309
|----
|'''Ukrainian'''
|2,488
|556
|600
|13,182
|3,289
|3,532
| -10,694
| -2,733
| -2,932
|----
|'''Uighur'''
|94
|73
|99
|78
|29
|31
|16
|44
|68
|----
|'''Tatar'''
|1,124
|465
|427
|3,714
|981
|1,002
| -2,590
| -516
| -575
|----
|'''German'''
|1,119
|259
|253
|4,164
|1,874
|2,250
| -3,045
| -1,615
| -1,997
|----
|'''Other'''
|3,699
|2,401
|2,356
|9,472
|2,760
|3,072
| -5,773
| -359
| -716
|----
|colspan=10|
|----
|
!colspan=10|'''Non-CIS Nations'''
|----
|
|colspan=3|'''Immigrants'''
|colspan=3|'''Emigrants'''
|colspan=3|'''Net Immigration'''
|----
|
|'''1999'''
|'''2007'''
|'''2008'''
|'''1999'''
|'''2007'''
|'''2008'''
|'''1999'''
|'''2007'''
|'''2008'''
|----
|'''Total'''
|1,859
|10,784
|14,979
|44,707
|2,668
|2,379
| -42,848
|8,116
|12,600
|----
|'''Kazakh'''
|788
|9,653
|13,859
|569
|187
|161
|219
|9,466
|13,698
|----
|'''Russian'''
|280
|350
|235
|10,469
|835
|856
| -10,189
| -485
| -621
|----
|'''Uzbek'''
|8
|5
|4
|41
|6
|11
| -33
| -1
| -7
|----
|'''Ukrainian'''
|38
|45
|43
|2,133
|144
|144
| -2,095
| -99
| -101
|----
|'''Uighur'''
|1
|11
|12
|21
|11
|5
| -20
|0
|7
|----
|'''Tatar'''
|5
|11
|6
|257
|14
|32
| -252
| -3
| -26
|----
|'''German'''
|298
|258
|272
|28,757
|1,117
|896
| -28,459
| -859
| -624
|----
|'''Other'''
|441
|451
|548
|2,460
|354
|274
| -2,019
|97
|274
|----
|}

==Religion==
According to the 2009 Census data, almost all the Central Asian Turkics are Muslims and Slavs are Orthodox:<ref name="EthnicData">{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.kz/p_perepis/Documents/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2.rar |title=Archived copy |accessdate=July 24, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511000000/http://www.stat.kz/p_perepis/Documents/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2.rar |archivedate=May 11, 2011 }}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
!'''Ethnic Groups'''
!'''Islam'''
!'''Christianity'''
!'''Judaism'''
!'''Buddhism'''
!'''Other'''
!'''Atheism'''
!'''NA'''
|----
|'''Total'''
|70.20%
|26.32%
|0.03%
|0.09%
|0.02%
|2.82%
|0.51%
|----
|'''Kazakhs'''
|98.34%
|0.39%
|0.02%
|0.01%
|0.02%
|0.98%
|0.26%
|----
|'''Russians'''
|1.43%
|91.64%
|0.04%
|0.02%
|0.03%
|6.09%
|0.75%
|----
|'''Uzbeks'''
|99.05%
|0.39%
|0.01%
|0.01%
|0.02%
|0.37%
|0.16%
|----
|'''Ukrainians'''
|0.94%
|90.74%
|0.03%
|0.01%
|0.02%
|7.31%
|0.94%
|----
|'''Uyghurs'''
|98.35%
|0.51%
|0.02%
|0.01%
|0.03%
|0.61%
|0.47%
|----
|'''Tatars'''
|79.57%
|10.24%
|0.02%
|0.03%
|0.06%
|8.11%
|1.97%
|----
|'''Germans'''
|1.58%
|81.59%
|0.05%
|0.04%
|0.11%
|13.96%
|2.68%
|----
|'''Koreans'''
|5.24%
|49.35%
|0.21%
|11.40%
|0.14%
|28.51%
|5.16%
|----
|'''Turks'''
|99.13%
|0.30%
|0.01%
|0.01%
|0.02%
|0.33%
|0.21%
|----
|'''Azeris'''
|94.81%
|2.51%
|0.02%
|0.02%
|0.03%
|1.86%
|0.76%
|----
|'''Belarusians'''
|0.79%
|90.16%
|0.04%
|0.01%
|0.03%
|7.82%
|1.15%
|----
|'''Dungans'''
|98.93%
|0.37%
|0.01%
|0.03%
|0.04%
|0.34%
|0.28%
|----
|'''Kurds'''
|98.28%
|0.53%
|0.03%
|0.02%
|0.02%
|0.74%
|0.38%
|----
|'''Tajiks'''
|97.78%
|0.91%
|0.01%
|0.02%
|0.08%
|0.85%
|0.35%
|----
|'''Poles'''
|0.69%
|90.07%
|0.04%
|0.01%
|0.13%
|7.30%
|1.76%
|----
|'''Chechens'''
|93.69%
|2.99%
|0.02%
|0.01%
|0.05%
|2.08%
|1.16%
|----
|'''Kirghiz'''
|96.67%
|0.89%
|0.03%
|0.03%
|0.02%
|1.51%
|0.86%
|----
|'''Others'''
|34.69%
|52.32%
|0.82%
|0.91%
|0.13%
|8.44%
|2.69%
|----
|}

==See also==

* [[Demographics of Central Asia]]
* [[Demographics of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Assembly of People of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Russians in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Ukrainians in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Germans in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Poles in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Greeks in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Koreans in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Uyghurs in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Chinese in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Turks in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Kurds in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Armenians in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Azerbaijanis in Kazakhstan]]
* [[Tatars of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Bulgarians in Kazakhstan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ethnic groups in Kazakhstan}}
{{Asia topic|Ethnic groups in}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ethnic Demography Of Kazakhstan}}
[[Category:Demographics of Kazakhstan]]