Kazakhstan famine of 1932-1933

2017-01-18T17:11:58Z

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[[File:Kazakhstan demographics 1897-1970 en.png|thumb|320px|The major ethnic groups in [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic|Kazakhstan]] 1897–1970. The number of Kazakhs and Ukrainans decreased in 1932–1933 due to famine.]]

The '''Kazakhstan famine of 1932–1933''', described as '''Kazakh catastrophe''' by [[Robert Conquest]],<ref>Robert Conquest, ''The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-famine'', 1987</ref> was part of the [[Soviet famine of 1932–33]]. While [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukraine]] was [[Holodomor|worst affected]], the famine also spread to the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]'s autonomous republic, [[Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Kazakhstan]] and other areas.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pannier |first=Bruce |url=http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1079304.html |title=Kazakhstan: The Forgotten Famine |publisher=Rferl.org |date=2007-12-28 |accessdate=2015-07-09}}</ref> Kazakhs were most severely affected by the Soviet famine in terms of percentage of people who died (approximately 38%).<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=41036834|title=The Collectivization Famine in Kazakhstan, 1931–1933|author=NICCOLÒ PIANCIOLA|journal=Harvard Ukrainian Studies|volume=25|issue=3–4|date=2001|pages=237–251|publisher=Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute|pmid=20034146}}</ref> Around 1.5 million (or possibly as many as 2.0–2.3 million) people died in Kazakhstan of whom 1.3 million were ethnic Kazakhs.<ref>{{cite web|last=Volkava |first=Elena |url=http://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/the-kazakh-famine-1930-33-and-the-politics-history-the-post-soviet-space |title=The Kazakh Famine of 1930–33 and the Politics of History in the Post-Soviet Space |publisher=Wilson Center |date=2012-03-26 |accessdate=2015-07-09}}</ref>

It is known in Kazakshan as "Goloshchekin genocide" ({{lang-kz|Голощекиндік геноцид}}),<ref name="auto">Қазақстан тарихы: Аса маңызды кезеңдері мен ғылыми мәселелері. Жалпы білім беретін мектептің қоғамдык- гуманитарлық бағытындағы 11-сыныбына арналған оқулық / М.Қойгелдиев, Ә.Төлеубаев, Ж.Қасымбаев, т.б. — Алматы: «Мектеп» баспасы, 2007. — 304 бет,суретті. ISBN 9965-36-106-1</ref> in reference to [[Filipp Goloshchyokin]], who carried out the [[Soviet power|Sovietization]] of Kazakhstan at the time.

Taking into an account the [[Kazakh famine of 1919–1922]], in 10–15 years Kazakh lands lost more than half of its population due to the actions of the [[Soviet power]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rus.azattyq.org/a/Valery_Mikhailov/1357347.html|title=Во время голода в Казахстане погибло 40 процентов населения|publisher=}}</ref>

== Consequences ==
[[File:ALAGolod.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The cube at the site for future monument for victims of the Soviet famine (1931–1933) in the center of [[Almaty]], Kazakhstan]]
The famine made Kazakhs a minority in [[Kazakh SSR|their own republic]], and not until the 1990s did Kazakhs become the largest group in Kazakhstan again. Before the famine, around 60% of the republic's population were Kazakhs, but after the famine, only around 38% of the population were Kazakhs.<ref>Татимов М. Б. Социальная обусловленность демографических процессов. Алма-Ата,1989. С.124</ref><ref name="auto" /><ref>http://world.lib.ru/p/professor_l_k/070102_koval_drujba.shtml - "Запомнил и долю казахов в пределах своей республики - 28%. А за тридцать лет до того они составляли у себя дома уверенное большинство"</ref><ref>{{cite journal|jstor=41036834|title=The Collectivization Famine in Kazakhstan, 1931–1933|first=NICCOLÒ|last=PIANCIOLA|date=1 January 2001|publisher=|journal=Harvard Ukrainian Studies|volume=25|issue=3/4|pages=237–251|via=|doi=10.2307/41036834|doi-broken-date=2017-01-18}}</ref>

{{See also|Ethnic demography of Kazakhstan#Ethnic composition of Kazakhstan}}

== See also ==
*[[Holodomor]]
*[[Soviet famine of 1932–33]]

== Further reading ==
* [[Conquest, Robert]], «[[The Harvest of Sorrow]]: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror — Famine», (Edmonton: The University of Alberta Press in Association with the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, 1986).</small>
* Sahni, Kalpana. Crucifying the Orient : Russian orientalism and the colonization of Caucasus and Central Asia. Bangkok : White Orchid Press, 1997
* I. Ohayon, La sédentarisation des Kazakhs dans l’URSS de Staline, collectivisation et changement social, Paris, maisonneuve et Larose, 2006 {{fr-icon}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Famine in Kazakhstan of 1932-33}}
[[Category:Famines in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:1932 in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:1933 in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:1930s in the Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic]]
[[Category:Disasters in Kazakhstan]]

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Kazakhstan famine of 1932-1933