Siberian Tatars

2017-04-23T17:23:19Z

3family6: there's no source for this, and as the note makes clear, this type of racial categorization is no longer accepted within the field

{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Siberian Tatars <br />Сыбырлар
|image = Siberian Tatar Flag.svg
|image_caption=Flag of the Siberian Tatar people.
|region1 = {{flag|Russia}}
|pop1 = 6,779<ref>[http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/tab5.xls Russian Census 2010: Population by ethnicity] {{ru icon}}</ref> (2010 census)
| region2 = {{flag|Uzbekistan}}<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.ethnomuseum.ru/glossary/?%D2%E0%F2%E0%F0%FB%20%F1%E8%E1%E8%F0%F1%EA%E8%E5 Russian Museum of Ethnography]</ref>
|pop2 =
| region3 = {{flag|Kazakhstan}}<ref name=autogenerated1 />
|pop3 =
| region4 = {{flag|Turkey}}<ref name=autogenerated1 />
|languages = [[Siberian Tatar language|Siberian Tatar]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Tatar language|Tatar]]
|religions = [[Islam|Sunni Islam]], [[Shamanism]]
|related = several Siberian ethnic groups
|
}}

'''Siberian Tatars''' ({{Lang-sty|Сыбырлар}}) refers to the [[Indigenous peoples of Siberia|indigenous Siberian]] population of the forests and steppes of South Siberia stretching from somewhat east of the [[Ural Mountains]] to the [[Yenisey|Yenisey river]] in [[Russia]]. The Siberian Tatars call themselves ''Yerle Qalyq,'' or "older inhabitants," to distinguish themselves from more recent [[Volga Tatars|Volga Tatar]] immigrants to the region.<ref name="Alexandre Bennigsen pages 231">Alexandre Bennigsen [and] S. Enders Wimbush, The Siberian Tatars", in ''Muslims of the Soviet Empire : A Guide'' / pp. 231-232, Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 1986 ISBN 0-253-33958-8</ref>

The word “Tatar” or “Tadar” is also used as a self-designation by some closely related Siberian ethnic groups; namely the [[Chulym]], [[Shor]], [[Teleut]] and [[Khakas people]]s.

According to the 2002 census, there are 500,000 Tatars in Siberia, but only 9,611 of them are indigenous Siberian Tatars. At least 400,000 are ethnic [[Volga Tatars]], who settled in Siberia during periods of colonization.<ref name="Siberian Tatars">[http://newasp.omskreg.ru/hist/fotatlas/rezumeen.htm Siberian Tatars]</ref> The Volga Tatars are an ethnic group who are native to the Volga-Ural region.

As of yet, the Siberian Tatars do not have public education available in the Siberian Tatar language. In local schools the lessons are taught only in Russian and Volga Tatar languages. Neither are indigenous to the area and were brought more than two centuries ago by the ethnic Russian and Volga Tatar settlers.

== Population ==
[[File:Siberian Tatars.jpg|thumb|Siberian Tatars]]
Siberian Tatars historically lived in the vast territory stretching from around the [[Yenisei river]] all the way to the area lying somewhat east of the [[Ural mountains]].

According to the ambassadors of the [[Siberian Khanate]] ruler [[Yediger Khan]], who visited Moscow in 1555, the population of "the black people," not counting the aristocracy, was 30,700. In a decree concerning tribute issued by [[Ivan the Terrible]], the population was given as 40,000.

According to the results of the 1897 All-Russia Census, there were 56,957 Siberian Tatars in Tobolsk guberniya. This was the last accurate information about this population. In later censuses, [[Tatar]] immigrants from the other regions of Russia were also recorded under the classification of Tatar. The Siberian Tatars tried to avoid the census as much as possible, as they believed that it was an attempt to force them to pay the [[Yasak]] (tribute).<ref name ="Val">Valeev F.T. ''Siberian Tatars.'' Kazan, 1993. (in Russian)</ref>

Their population in the territory of the current [[Tyumen Oblast]] in 1926 was recorded as 70,000; in 1959 as 72,306; in 1970 as 102,859; 136,749 in 1979; 227,423 in 1989; and 242,325 in 2002. According to the results of the 2002 [[Russian Census (2002)|Russian Census]], there were 385,949 [[Tatars]] living in the oblasts discussed above. (Their territory roughly corresponds to the historical territory of the [[Siberian Khanate]]). Of these Tatars only 9,289 identified as Siberian Tatars.

[[Russian Census (2002)|2002 Russian Census]] recorded a total of 9,611 Siberian Tatars in Russia. Some publications estimated their number in the range of 190,000-210,000.<ref name="Hist">[http://www.nsu.ru/ip/s_tatars.php ''Siberian Tatars''. Historical reference (in Russian)]</ref> Such significant discrepancy is explained by the fact that the immigrants from the other ethnic groups who are also called [[Tatar]] by the Russians were also included in the figure, though most were Volga Tatars.<ref name="Siberian Tatars"/>

== Origin and ethnogenesis ==

The term Siberian Tatar covers three autochthonous groups, all [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]]s of the [[Hanafi]] madhab, found in southern Siberia. They are remnants of the [[Khanate of Sibir]], which was conquered by [[Russia]] in 1582. Geographically, the Siberian Tatars are divided into three main groups, each speaking their own dialect.<ref name="Alexandre Bennigsen pages 231"/> Although the [[Siberian Tatar language]] has been sometimes considered a dialect of [[Tatar language|Tatar]], detailed linguistic study demonstrates that Siberian Tatar idioms are quite remote from Volga Tatar by origin. Siberian Tatars' ancestry was partly from [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] and [[Mongols|Mongol]] peoples, but their main ancestors are [[Samoyedic peoples|Samoyedic]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Levinson|first=David|title=Encyclopedia of World Cultures|publisher=G.K. Hall|year=1996|isbn=978-0-8161-1808 -3| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EHIYAAAAIAAJ&hl=en&pgis=1|accessdate=2008-04-22|page=340}}</ref> [[Ket people|Ket]], and [[Ugric peoples|Ugric]] tribes.

==Siberian Tatar language==

[[Siberian Tatar language]] is, due to the Kipchakization processes during the Middle Ages, many times classified as belonging to the Kypchak–Nogay group of the [[Kypchak languages]].<ref name ="Tum">Tumasheva D.G.. Dialects of the Siberian Tatar language: experience of the comparative research. Kazan, 1977 (in Russian)</ref> There are approximately as many elements that could be classified in the [[:ru:Горно-алтайские языки|Upper Altaian]] language group.

Beginning in the 12th century, the Siberian Tatar language received some [[Karluk languages|Karluk]] influences. Those Siberian Tatars who are living in ethnically mixed villages where, in the periods after Russian colonization, more numerous Volga Tatars settled, have also been influenced by the Kypchak-Bulgar language.

Siberian Tatar language has different dialects.<ref name ="Tum"/> Since the penetration of [[Islam]] until the 1920s after the Russian Revolution, Siberian Tatars, like all [[Muslim]] nations, were using an alphabet that had been based on [[Arabic script]]. In 1928 they adopted an alphabet based on [[Latin script]], and in 1939 one based on the [[Cyrillic script]]. Until 2014, the written language for Siberian Tatars was Tatar, a version based on the grammar rules of Volga Tatars.

In the 21st century, work began on the rationalizing of the Siberian Tatar language. Teams have conducted scientific research in the field of literary language norms of the indigenous population of Siberia. They have published the "Русско-сибирскотатарский словарь = Урысца-сыбырца сүслек" (2010) (''Russian-Siberian Tatar Dictionary''), and "Грамматика современного сибирскотатарского языка" (2014)(''The Grammar of Modern Siberian Tatar Language''). International Organization for Standardization ISO 639-3 PA with its headquarters in Washington, awarded in 2013, the Siberian Tatar language classification code 'sty' in New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3.
The first person who seriously researched Siberian Tatar language was [[Gabdulkhay Akhatov]], a Soviet [[Volga Tatars|Volga Tatar]] linguist and an organizer of science.

== Groups ==

=== Tobol-Irtysh Tatars===

{{Main article|Tobol-Irtysh Tatars}}

The Tobol-Irtysh Tatars group is the most numerous out of all 3 groups of Siberian Tatars. They live in the [[Tyumen Oblast|Tyumen]], [[Kurgan Oblast|Kurgan]] and [[Omsk Oblast|Omsk]] Oblasts.

The sub-groups are: [[Zabolotnie (Yaskolbinsk) Tatars|Zabolotnie (Yaskolbinsk)]], [[Tobol (sub-group)|Tobol]], [[Kurdak-Sargat]], [[Tara (sub-group)|Tara]], [[Tyumen-Turin]].

=== Baraba Tatars ===

{{Main article|Baraba Tatars}}

Their self-designation is Baraba, and they are found mainly in the steppe of Baraba, in the [[Novosibirsk Oblast]]. Their population is around 8,000.

The sub-groups are: [[Baraba-Turazh]], [[Lyubey-Tunus]], [[Terenin-Choy]].

===Tomsk Tatars===
The Tomsk Tatars are indigenous population of [[Tomsk Oblast|Tomsk]], [[Kemerovo Oblast|Kemerovo]] and to some extent Novosibirsk Oblasts.

The sub-groups are: [[Kalmak (sub-group)|Kalmak]], [[Chats (subgroup)|Chat]], [[Eushta]].

== Siberian Bukharans ==

{{main article|Siberian Bukharans}}

The Bukhalyks, literally "those from the city of [[Bukhara]]" are descendents of 15th- and 16th-century fur merchant colonies from [[Central Asia]]. These settlers have now merged entirely with Siberian Tatars.

== Famous Siberian Tatars ==
*[[:ru:Тимергазеев, Минсалим Валиахметович|Minsalim Timergazeev]] - sculptor;
*[[:ru:Калиев, Анвар Мадиевич|Anvar Kaliev]] - World War II [[USSR]] hero;
*[[:ru:Даутов, Искандер Садыкович|Iskander Dautov]] - World War II [[USSR]] hero;
*[[:ru:Неатбаков, Хамит Ахметович|Khamit Neatbakov (Neotbakov)]] - World War II [[USSR]] hero;
*[[:ru:Хабибулла Якин|Khabibulla Yakin]] - holder of the Order of glory;
*[[:ru:Ишмухамедов, Тамерлан Каримович|Tamerlan Ishmukhamedov]] - World War II [[USSR]] hero;
*[[:ru:Абдуллин, Раушан Мухамедович|Raushan Abdullin]] - hero of the Russian Federation;
*[[:ru:Аширов, Нафигулла Худчатович|Nafigulla Ashirov]] - mufti, president of the [[:ru:Духовное управление мусульман Азиатской части России|spiritual association of Muslims of the Asiatic part of Russia]];
*[[Galima Shugurova]] - rhythmic gymnast;
*[[Abdurresid Ibrahim]] - imam, pan-Islamist, journalist, traveller;
*[[Foat-Tach Valeev]] - World War II [[USSR]] veteran, colonel, pedagogist, journalist, historian, sibirologist, ethnographer, professor;
*[[Yakub Zankiev]] - writer;
*[[Bulat Suleymanov]] - writer (with also some [[Georgians|Georgian]] ancestry);
*[[Anas Gaitov]] - writer;
*[[Rakip Ibragimov]] - poet;

==See also==

*[[Baraba Tatars]]
*[[Khanate of Sibir]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://gdb.rferl.org/81E01400-5DE9-475E-92FD-8E82C36896FC_mw800_mh600.jpg Group of Siberian Tatars.]
* [http://info.yashkino.ru/municipalities/urty-konstantinovy/inf-urty Information about Kalmaks.]
* [http://www.nsu.ru/education/etno/tatary/tat14.htm Siberian Tatars.]
* [http://www.nsu.ru/education/etno/tatary/tat19.htm Baraba Tatars.]
* [http://vk.com/video-32266496_165946594 Song in Siberian Tatar language]

==References==
* [http://newasp.omskreg.ru/hist/fotatlas/rezumeen.htm History of Siberian Tatars]

{{Indigenous peoples of Russia}}
[[Category:Ancient peoples]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Siberia]]
[[Category:Siberian Tatar people| ]]
[[Category:Khanate of Sibir]]
[[Category:Kemerovo Oblast]]
[[Category:Novosibirsk Oblast]]
[[Category:Omsk Oblast]]
[[Category:Tomsk Oblast]]
[[Category:Tyumen Oblast]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Russia]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of North Asia]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Russia]]
[[Category:Turkic peoples]]

Kazakhstan Encyclopedia - User contributions [en]

Siberian Tatars