Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture

2017-04-14T01:01:19Z

人口: /* Qing dynasty */ county seat information

{{Infobox settlement



|name = {{raise|0.2em|Ili Prefecture}}
|official_name = {{longitem|style=font-size:110%;|Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture {{nobold|{{lang|zh-Hans|伊犁哈萨克自治州}} {{lang|ug|ئىلى قازاق ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستى}} {{lang|kk-Arab|ىله قازاق اۆتونومىيالى وبلىسى}}}}}}
|other_name =
|native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-Hans|伊犁州}} • {{lang|kk-Arab|ىله وبلىسى}} • {{lang|ug|ئىلى ئوبلاستى}} {{small|([[Chinese language|Chinese]]) • ([[Uyghur language|Uyghur]]) • ([[Kazakh language|Kazakh]])}}}}}}
|nickname =
|settlement_type =[[Sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China#Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture|Sub-Provincial Autonomous Prefecture]]
|total_type = 
|motto =

|image_skyline =Yining.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption =[[Yining City|Gulja]] seat of Ili
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|image_shield =
|shield_size =
|image_blank_emblem =
|blank_emblem_type =
|blank_emblem_size =
|image_map = China Xinjiang Ili.svg
|mapsize =
|map_caption = Ili Prefecture (red) in Xinjiang (orange)
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|image_dot_map =
|dot_mapsize =
|dot_map_caption =
|dot_x = |dot_y =
|pushpin_map =
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_map_caption =
|pushpin_mapsize =

|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = People's Republic of China
|subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous regions of the People's Republic of China|Region]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Xinjiang]]
|seat_type = Prefecture seat
|seat = [[Yining City|Yining (Gulja)]]
|parts_type =
|parts_style = 
|parts = 
|p1 =
|p2 = 

|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|leader_title2 =
|leader_name2 =
|leader_title3 =
|leader_name3 =
|leader_title4 =
|leader_name4 =
|established_title = 
|established_date =
|established_title1 = 
|established_date1 =
|established_title2 = 
|established_date2 =
|established_title3 =
|established_date3 =
|founder =
|named_for =

|area_magnitude = 
|unit_pref = 
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 = 
|area_land_km2 = 56381.52
|area_water_km2 =
|area_water_percent =
|area_urban_km2 =
|area_metro_km2 =
|area_blank1_title = {{small|inc. Altay & Tacheng}}
|area_blank1_km2 = 268778.71

|elevation_footnotes = 
|elevation_m =
|elevation_max_m =
|elevation_min_m =

|population_as_of =2015
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total = 3,009,100
|population_density_km2 =auto
|population_metro =
|population_density_metro_km2 =
|population_urban =
|population_density_urban_km2 =auto
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title = {{small|inc. Altay & Tacheng}}
|population_blank1 = 4,736,400
|population_density_blank1_km2 =

|timezone = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
|utc_offset = +8

|postal_code_type = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]]
|postal_code =
|area_code =
|blank_name_sec1 = [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] (2014)
|blank_info_sec1 = [[Renminbi|CNY]] 164.0 billion US$25.2 billion {{small|(including Altay & Tacheng)}}
|blank1_name_sec1 =  - per capita
|blank1_info_sec1 = [[Renminbi|CNY]] 34,119 US$5,249 {{small|(including Altay & Tacheng)}}
|blank2_name =
|blank2_info =
|blank3_name =
|blank3_info =
|blank4_name =
|blank4_info =
|blank5_name =
|blank5_info =
|blank6_name =
|blank6_info =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
{{Chinese|s=伊犁哈萨克自治州|t=伊犁哈薩克自治州|p=Yīlí Hāsàkè Zìzhìzhōu|order=st|lang1=Kazakh|lang1_content=ىله قازاق اۆتونومىيالى وبلىسى Іле Қазақ аутономиялық облысы İle Qazaq awtonomïyalıq oblısı|uig=ئىلى قازاق ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستى|usy=Или Қазақ аптоном вилайити|uly=Ili Qazaq aptonom wilayiti|uyy=Ili Ⱪazaⱪ aptonom vilayiti}}
'''Ili''' or '''Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture''' ({{zh|伊犁哈萨克自治州 ''[[pinyin]]'': Yīlí Hāsàkè Zìzhìzhōu}}; {{lang-kk|ىله قازاق اۆتونوميالى وبلىسى / Іле Қазақ аутономиялық облысы / İle Qazaq awtonomïyalıq oblısı}}; {{lang-ug|ئىلى قازاق ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستى/ Ili Qazaq aptonom wilayiti / Или Қазақ аптоном вилайити}}; {{lang-dng|Йили Хасакə Зыҗыҗу, ''Jili Hasakə Zьⱬьⱬu'', اِلِ هَاصَاكْ ذِجِجِوْ}}) in northernmost [[Xinjiang]] is the only [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]] [[autonomous prefecture]] in [[China]].

==Geography and coordinates==
* [[Capital (political)|Capital]]: [[Yining City|Yining (Gulja)]]
* [[Geographic coordinate]]s: 79º50'30″{{spaced ndash}}84º56'50″ East, 42º14'16″{{spaced ndash}}44º50'30″ North

The Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture is west of [[Mongolia]], south of [[Russia]] and east of [[Kazakhstan]]. Its foreign boundary is {{convert|2,000|km|abbr=on}}, generally located between [[Altai Mountains]] and the main range of [[Tian Shan]], occupying most of the [[Dzungarian Basin]] in northern Xinjiang and the [[Ili River]] Basin.

The prefecture-level city of [[Karamay]] is completely surrounded and divided by the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture but is not part of it.

The upper course of the [[Ili River]] and that of [[Irtysh River]] (Ertix River) flow through the prefecture.

==Administrative divisions==
{{main|List of administrative divisions of Ili}}
As a [[Sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China#Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture|Sub-provincial Autonomous Prefecture]], Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture is administratively divided into three parts -- [[Altay Prefecture]] and [[Tacheng Prefecture]]s, together with a directly administrated county-level prefecture that includes [[Yining City]], 2 other county-level cities, 7 counties, and 1 autonomous county (see [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#Levels]]). The directly administrated region is exactly coterminous with the historical area that in the past was often called by Russians and Westerners as ''Kulja'' or ''Kuldja''.<ref name="Kulja">{{cite book |year= 1911 |title= Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" align=center
|colspan="11" align="center" | [[File:Ili Kazahk mcp.png|600px]]
|-
! #
! Name
! [[Simplified Chinese characters|Chinese]]
! [[Hanyu Pinyin]]
! [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] ([[Uyghur Arabic script|UEY]])
! Uyghur Latin ([[Uyghur Latin script|ULY]])
! [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] (Arabic script)
! Kazakh Latin transcription
! Population {{small|(2010 Census)}}
! Area (km²)
! Density (/km²)
|---------- bgcolor=#AD76AB
|*
|[[Altay Prefecture]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|阿勒泰地区}}
|{{lang|zh-Latn|Ālètài Dìqū}}
|{{lang|ug-Arab|ئالتاي ۋىلايىتى}}
|{{lang|ug-Latn|Altay Wilayiti}}
|{{lang|kk-Arab|التاي ايماعى}}
|{{lang|kk|Altay aymağı}}
|603,283
|117,800
|5.12
|---------- bgcolor=#ED4040
|*
|[[Tacheng Prefecture|Tacheng [Tarbagatay] Prefecture]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|塔城地区}}
|{{lang|zh-Latn|Tǎchéng Dìqū}}
|{{lang|ug-Arab|تارباغاتاي ۋىلايىتى}}
|{{lang|ug-Latn|Tarbaghatay Wilayiti}}
|{{lang|kk-Arab|تارباعاتاي ايماعى}}
|{{lang|kk|Tarbağatay aymağı}}
|1,219,369
|104,546
|11.66
|----------
|1
|[[Yining City|Yining [Gulja]]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|伊宁市}}
|{{lang|zh-Latn|Yīníng Shì}}
|{{lang|ug-Arab|غۇلجا شەھىرى}}
|{{lang|ug-Latn|Ghulja Shehiri}}
|{{lang|kk-Arab|قۇلجا قالاسى}}
|{{lang|kk|Qulja qalası}}
|515,082
|629
|818.89
|----------
|2
|[[Kuytun]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|奎屯市}}
|{{lang|zh-Latn|Kuítún Shì}}
|{{lang|ug-Arab|كۈيتۇن شەھىرى}}
|{{lang|ug-Latn|Küytun Shehiri}}
|{{lang|kk-Arab|كۇيتۇن قالاسى}}
|{{lang|kk|Küytün qalası}}
|166,261
|1,171
|141.98
|----------
|24
|[[Khorgas|Korgas [Huocheng]]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|霍尔果斯市}}
|{{lang|zh-Latn|Huò'ěrguǒsī Shì}}
|{{lang|ug-Arab|قورغاس شەھىرى}}
|{{lang|ug-Latn|Qorghas Shehiri}}
|{{lang|kk-Arab|قالاسى قورعاس}}
|{{lang|kk|Qorğas qalası}}
|85,000(?)
|1,900
|44.73
|----------
|3
|[[Yining County|Yining [Gulja] County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|伊宁县}}
|{{lang|zh-Latn|Yīníng Xiàn}}
|{{lang|ug-Arab|غۇلجا ناھىيىسى}}
|{{lang|ug-Latn|Ghulja Nahiyisi}}
|{{lang|kk-Arab|قۇلجا اۋدانى}}
|{{lang|kk|Qulja awdanı}}
|372,590
|4,486
|83.05
|----------
|4
|[[Huocheng County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|霍城县}}
|{{lang|zh-Latn|Huòchéng Xiàn}}
|{{lang|ug-Arab|قورغاس ناھىيىسى}}
|{{lang|ug-Latn|Qorghas Nahiyisi}}
|{{lang|kk-Arab|قورعاس اۋدانى}}
|{{lang|kk|Qorğas awdanı}}
|352,689
|5,466
|64.52
|----------
|5
|[[Gongliu County|Gongliu [Tokkuztara] County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|巩留县}}
|{{lang|zh-Latn|Gǒngliú Xiàn}}
|{{lang|ug-Arab|توققۇزتارا ناھىيىسى}}
|{{lang|ug-Latn|Toqquztara Nahiyisi}}
|{{lang|kk-Arab|توعىزتاراۋ اۋدانى}}
|{{lang|kk|Toğıztaraw awdanı}}
|164,860
|4,124
|39.97
|----------
|6
|[[Xinyuan County|Xinyuan [Künes] County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|新源县}}
|{{lang|zh-Latn|Xīnyuán Xiàn}}
|{{lang|ug-Arab|كۈنەس ناھىيىسى}}
|{{lang|ug-Latn|Künes Nahiyisi}}
|{{lang|kk-Arab|كۇنەس اۋدانى}}
|{{lang|kk|Künes awdanı}}
|282,718
|7,583
|37.28
|----------
|7
|[[Zhaosu County|Zhaosu [Mongolküre] County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|昭苏县}}
|{{lang|zh-Latn|Zhāosū Xiàn}}
|{{lang|ug-Arab|موڭغۇلكۈرە ناھىيىسى}}
|{{lang|ug-Latn|Mongghulküre Nahiyisi}}
|{{lang|kk-Arab|موڭعۇلكۇرە اۋدانى}}
|{{lang|kk|Moñğulküre awdanı}}
|148,187
|10,465
|14.16
|----------
|8
|[[Tekes County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|特克斯县}}
|{{lang|zh-Latn|Tèkèsī Xiàn}}
|{{lang|ug-Arab|تېكەس ناھىيىسى}}
|{{lang|ug-Latn|Tëkes Nahiyisi}}
|{{lang|kk-Arab|تەكەس اۋدانى}}
|{{lang|kk|Tekes awdanı}}
|142,713
|8,080
|17.66
|----------
|9
|[[Nilka County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|尼勒克县}}
|{{lang|zh-Latn|Nílèkè Xiàn}}
|{{lang|ug-Arab|نىلقا ناھىيىسى}}
|{{lang|ug-Latn|Nilqa Nahiyisi}}
|{{lang|kk-Arab|نىلقى اۋدانى}}
|{{lang|kk|Nılqı awdanı}}
|157,743
|10,130
|15.57
|----------
|10
|[[Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|察布查尔锡伯自治县}}
|{{lang|zh-Latn|Chábùchá'ěr Xībó Zìzhìxiàn}}
|{{lang|ug-Arab|چاپچال شىبە ئاپتونوم ناھىيىسى}}
|{{lang|ug-Latn|Chapchal Shibe Aptonom Nahiyisi}}
|{{lang|kk-Arab|شاپشال سىبە اۆتونوميالى اۋدانى}}
|{{lang|kk|Şapşal Sibe avtonomyalı awdanı}}
|179,744
|4,489
|40.04
|}

[[Image:Ilipicture.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Scene from Ili valley]]

==History==
[[File:Yili-military-complex-ca-1809.jpg|thumb|left|The map of the Ili region, c. 1809. It's "upside down", i.e. the south is on top, and the west, on the right. The nine fortified towns are shown as double squares]]

=== Early history ===
Before the advent of the [[Qin dynasty]] (221{{nbsp}}BC{{snd}}206{{nbsp}}BC), Ili was occupied by the [[Ussun]]s, a tributary tribe of the [[Hun]]s. The Ussuns were driven away in the 6th century AD by the northern [[Xiongnu]], who established the [[Turkic Khaganate]] in 552. Later this Khulja territory became a dependency of [[Dzungaria]]. During the [[Tang dynasty]] (618{{ndash}}907), the khanate became the [[Protectorate General to Pacify the West]] of the Tang Empire.

The [[Uyghur Khaganate]], and in the 12th century the [[Kara-Khitai]], took possession of the area in turn. [[Genghis Khan]] conquered Kulja in the 13th century, and the Mongol Khans resided in the valley of the Ili. It is supposed that the [[Oirats]] conquered it at the end of the 16th or the beginning of the 17th century.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}}

=== Qing dynasty ===
The Oirats, or more precisely [[Dzungars]], controlled both Dzungaria and the Ili Basin until 1755 as the [[Dzungar Khanate]], when it was annexed by the [[Manchu people|Manchu]]-run [[Qing dynasty]] under the [[Qianlong Emperor]]. Having defeated the Dzungars in the Dzungarian and Ili Basins, as well as the [[Afaq Khoja|Afaqi]] [[Khoja (Turkestan)|Khoja]]s in [[Kashgaria]], the Qing court decided to make the Ili basin the main base of their control in Xinjiang.

In the 1760s, the Qing built nine fortified towns ({{lang|zh-Hans|九城}}) in the Ili Basin:
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 class="wikitable"
|-bgcolor=fcfcfc
! Original Chinese name !! Chinese !! Turki (Uyghur) name<ref>As per Kim (2004), pp. 54, 229</ref>!! Modern name of the location<ref>Info from [[Chinese Wikipedia]] and [http://www.xjyn.gov.cn/gaikuang/lishiyange.html Yining County Historical Development]</ref>!! Notes
|-
| [[Huiyuan Cheng]] || {{lang|zh-Hans|惠远城}} || {{lang|ug-Latn|Kürä Shahr}} || [[Huiyuan Town]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|惠远镇}}) in [[Huocheng County]] || The Old Huiyuan was the residence of the [[General of Ili]] from 1765 to 1866. The New Huiyuan was the residence of the [[General of Ili]] from 1894 to 1912. Also known as ''New Kulja'', ''Manchu Kulja'', or ''Ili'' at the time.
|-
| Ningyuan Cheng || {{lang|zh-Hans|宁远城}} || {{lang|ug-Latn|Kulja (Ghulja)}} || [[Yining City]] || Also was known as ''Old Kulja'' or ''[[Taranchi]] Kulja''. County seat of Ningyuan County (1888–1914) and Yining County (1914–1952)
|-
| Huining Cheng || {{lang|zh-Hans|惠宁城}} || {{lang|ug-Latn|Bayandai}} || Bayandai Town ({{lang|zh-Hans|巴彦岱镇}}) within [[Yining City]], some 10<ref>Direct distance from modern maps</ref> to 18<ref>Road distance from Lansdell (1885), p. 190</ref> km to the west of the Yining center city ||
|-
| Taleqi Cheng || {{lang|zh|塔勒奇城}} || {{lang|ug-Latn|Tarchi}} || Within [[Huocheng County]] ||
|-
| Zhande Cheng || {{lang|zh|瞻德城}} || {{lang|ug-Latn|Chaghan Usu}} || [[Qingshuihe]] Town ({{lang|zh-Hans|清水河镇}}) in Huocheng County
|-
| Guangren Cheng || {{lang|zh-Hans|广仁城}} || {{lang|ug-Latn|Ukurborosuk}} || Lucaogou Town ({{lang|zh-Hans|芦草沟镇}}) in Huocheng County, NE of Qingshuihe
|-
| Gongchen Cheng || {{lang|zh-Hans|拱宸城}} || {{lang|ug-Latn|Khorgos}} || [[Khorgas]] City ({{lang|zh-Hans|霍尔果斯市}}) ||
|-
| Xichun Cheng || {{lang|zh-Hans|熙春城}} || {{lang|ug-Latn|Khara Bulaq}} || Area commonly referred to as Chengpanzi ({{lang|zh-Hans|城盘子}}) in the Hanbin Township ({{lang|zh-Hans|汉宾乡}}) within Yining City, a few km west of the city center
|-
| [[Shuiding|Suiding]] Cheng || {{lang|zh-Hans|绥定城}} || {{lang|ug-Latn|Ukharliq}} || [[Shuiding]] Town ({{lang|zh-Hans|水定镇}}), county seat of [[Huocheng County]] since 1966 || General of Ili's residence 1762–1765 and 1883–1894, when it became known as ''New/Manchu/Chinese Kulja''. County seat of Suiding County (1888–1965) and Shuiding County (1965–1966). Renamed Shuiding in 1965.
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|}

Huiyuan Cheng, as the seat of the [[General of Ili]], the chief commander of the Qing troops in Xinjiang, became the administrative capital of the region. It was provided with a large penal establishment and a strong garrison.
This city was called ''New Kulja'', ''Manhcu Kulja'', ''Chinese Kulja'', or ''Ili'' by the Russians and Westerners, to distinguish it from Nigyuan/Yining, known as ''Old Kulja'' or ''Taranchi Kulja''.

The first General of Ili was [[Ming Rui]]. The Qing tradition, unbroken until the days of [[Zuo Zongtang]] in the 1870s, was to only appoint [[Manchu]]s as officials in Xinjiang.

[[Image:Vereshchagin-Ruins-of-the-Theater-in-Chuguchak.jpg|thumb|right|Tacheng (Chuguchak) was among the towns that suffered grievously during the fighting in 1865]]
During the [[Dungan Revolt (1862–77)|insurrection of 1864]] the [[Dungan people|Dungans]] and [[Taranchi]]s of the area formed the [[Taranchi Sultanate]]. Huiyuan (Manchu Kulja) was the last Qing fortress in the [[Ili Valley]] to fall to the rebels. The insurgent [[Dungan people|Dungans]] massacred most of Manchu [[Yining City|Kulja]]'s inhabitants; Governor General [[Mingsioi]] (Ming Xü) assembled his family and staff in his mansion, and blew it up, dying under its ruins.

The sultanate led to the occupation of the Ili basin (''Kulja'' in contemporary Western terms) by the Russians in 1871. Ten years later the territory was restored to China, and its boundary with Russia was assigned in accordance to the [[Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)]].

After Chinese authority was restored, a new Huiyuan Town was built, some {{convert|4|km|abbr=on}} north of the old Huiyuan site.


On January{{nbsp}}7, 1912, {{Interlanguage link multi|Yang Cuanxu|zh|3=杨缵绪}} of Ili occupied [[Huiyuan Town]] and shot the last [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] General of Ili, {{Interlanguage link multi|Zhi Rui|zh|3=志锐}}.

=== The Republic of China ===
In July 1945, Chingil, [[Bole, Xinjiang|Bole]] and Quanxi ({{lang|zh-Hans|精河、博乐、温泉}}) of Ili were made into a new autonomous prefecture now not part of Ili: [[Börtala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture|Bortala]].

=== The People's Republic of China ===
In 1949, Ili was made a special area ({{lang|zh-Hans|专区}}) of Xinjiang, with one city and nine counties, and was upgraded to a city in 1952. On November{{nbsp}}27, 1954, the Ili Autonomous Prefecture was established to include the prefectures of Ili, Altay, and [[Tacheng]]. The Ili Prefecture was abolished in 1955. Its one city and nine counties are now under the direct control of the autonomous prefecture.

==Demographics==
* [[Han-Chinese]]: 35.22%
* [[Kazakh people|Kazakhs]]: 26.88%
* [[Uyghur people|Uyghurs]]: 21.53%
* [[Hui people|Hui]]: 11.7%
* [[Mongols]]: 1.78%
* [[Xibe people|Xibe]]: 1.5%
* [[Russians]]: 1.2%
* [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]]: 0.9%
* [[Tatars]]: 0.5%

==Tourism==
Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture is a famous tourist destination for its relatively humid climate, which earned its reputation as 'wetland in Central Asia'. Major tourist attractions include Narati Grassland, Guozigou and [[Kanas Lake]].
In 2015 alone, Ili has seen over 25 million travellers and earned over 19 billion [[CNY]] (US$2.92 billion) tourism receipts.<ref>{{cite web |title = National Data |url = http://www.tjcn.org/tjgb/201604/32818_3.html |accessdate = 18 April 2016}}</ref>

==Transport==

===Road and Railway===
An extensive road network is being built across the prefecture for economic development. In 2015, 66 million passengers travelled on road.

The railway has extended to both the very north part of [[Altay City]] and the westmost city of [[Khorgas]] on the China-Kazakhstan border.

===Border crossings===
Ili Kazak's 8 functioning [[port of entry|ports of entry]] are:

*'''With Kazakhstan'''
** [[Aqimbek]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|阿黑木别克}}) of [[Altay Prefecture]]
** [[Bakhtu]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|巴克图}}), {{convert|17|km|abbr=on}} from [[Tacheng]]; another primary point or port
** [[Dulat]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|都拉塔}}), in [[Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County]]: under Ili
** [[Jeminay]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|吉木乃}}) of [[Altay Prefecture]]；another primary point or port
** [[Khorgas]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|霍尔果斯}}), in [[Huocheng County]]; under Ili; a primary Chinese "national" border crossing point or port of entry
** [[Muzart]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|木扎尔特}}), in [[Zhaosu County]]: directly controlled by Ili; another primary point or port
*'''With Mongolia'''
** [[Khiziltaw]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|红山嘴}}) of [[Altay Prefecture]]
** [[Taskhin]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|塔克什肯}}) of [[Altay Prefecture]] to [[Khovd (city)|Khovd]]
** [[Dayan-Khunshanzyui]] of [[Altay Prefecture]] to [[Bayan-Ölgii]]. Only open during Summer. [http://discover-bayanolgii.com/travelers-information/]

==See also==
*[[Makan Map]]
*[[Second East Turkestan Republic]]

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist|25em}}

=== Sources ===
* [[Henry Lansdell]], "Russian Central Asia: Including Kuldja, Bokhara, Khiva and Merv". [https://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC08187146 Full text] available at [[Google Books]]; there is also a 2001 facsimile reprint of the 1885 edition, ISBN 1-4021-7762-3. (Chapters XIV-XVI describe Lansdell visit to the area in the early 1880s, soon after the Russian withdrawal). {{en icon}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture}}
* [http://www.xjyl.gov.cn Official site] (in [[Simplified Chinese]])
* [http://www.xzqh.org/quhua/65xj/40yili.htm Subdivision info] (in Simplified Chinese)
* [http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=003_twomuseums.inc&issue=003 A TALE OF TWO CITIES: NEW MUSEUMS FOR YINING AND URUMQI ] "CHINA HERITAGE NEWSLETTER", [[China]] Heritage Project, The Australian National University. ISSN 1833-8461. No. 3, September 2005. (Talks about Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture Museum in Yining).

{{coord|44|26|59|N|84|59|09|E|region:CN-65_type:adm2nd_source:dewiki|display=title}}
{{Xinjiang}}
{{Other ethnic minorities autonomy in the People's Republic of China}}

[[Category:Altai Mountains]]
[[Category:Prefecture-level divisions of Xinjiang]]
[[Category:Autonomous prefectures of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Kazakhs in China]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1954]]
[[Category:1954 establishments in China]]

Kazakhstan Encyclopedia - User contributions [en]

Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture