View source for Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention

{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox treaty
| name                = Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention
| long_name           = Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour
| image               =Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention.svg
| image_width         =275
| caption             =<div style="text-align: left">{{legend|#00aa00|Party}}
{{legend|#ff1111|Non Party}}
{{legend|#ff00ff|Convention not applied (dependent territory)}}
{{legend|#b9b9b9|Non ILO-member}}</div>
| type                =
| date_drafted        =
| date_signed         = 17 June 1999
| location_signed     = [[Geneva]]
| date_sealed         =
| date_effective      = 19 November 2000
| condition_effective = 2 ratifications
| date_expiration     =
| signatories         =
| parties             =180<ref name = ratifications>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11300:0::NO:11300:P11300_INSTRUMENT_ID:312327|title=Convention No. C182, ratifications|work=[[International Labour Organization]]|date=2 October 2015}}</ref>
| ratifiers           =
| depositor           = Director-General of the International Labour Office
| language            =
| languages           = [[English language|English]] and [[French language|French]] (Article 16)
| wikisource          =
}}

The '''Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour''', known in short as the '''Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention''', was adopted by the [[International Labour Organization]] (ILO) in 1999 as ILO Convention No 182. It is one of 8 [[ILO fundamental conventions]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilo.org/global/standards/introduction-to-international-labour-standards/conventions-and-recommendations/lang--en/index.htm|title=Conventions and ratifications|work=[[International Labour Organization]]|date=27 May 2011}}</ref>

By ratifying this Convention No. 182, a country commits itself to taking immediate action to prohibit and eliminate the worst forms of [[child labour]]. The Convention is enjoying the fastest pace of ratifications in the ILO's history since 1919.{{Citation needed|date=May 2009}}

The ILO's [[International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour]] (IPEC) is responsible for assisting countries in this regard as well as monitoring compliance. One of the methods used by IPEC to assist countries in this regard are [[Time-Bound Programmes for the Eradication of the Worst forms of Child Labour|Time-bound Programmes]].

The ILO also adopted the [[Worst Forms of Child Labour Recommendation No 190]] in 1999. This recommendation contains, among others, recommendations on the types of hazards that should be considered for inclusion within a country-based definition of [[Worst Forms of Hazards faced by Children at Work]].<ref name="Recommendation R190">{{cite web|url=http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO:12100:P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:312528:NO|title=R190 - Worst Forms of Child Labour Recommendation, 1999 (No. 190)|work=[[International Labour Organization]]|date=17 June 1999}}</ref>

==Ratifications==
As of 2015, the convention has been ratified by 180 out of 187 ILO member states. ILO member states that have not ratified the convention are:<ref name = ratifications/>
*{{flag|Cook Islands}}
*{{flagu|Eritrea}}
*{{flagu|India}}
*{{flagu|Marshall Islands}}
*{{flagu|Palau}}
*{{flag|Tonga}}
*{{flagu|Tuvalu}}

The convention has also not been extended to several non-metropolitan territories of states that did ratify the convention:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_176149.pdf|title=Report IV, Fundamental principles and rights at work: From commitment to action|edition=First|work=International Labour Organization|year=2012}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! State !! Non-metropolitan territory
|-
| {{flagu|Australia}} || {{flagu|Norfolk Island}}
|-
| {{flagu|Denmark}} || {{flagu|Faroe Islands}}, {{flagu|Greenland}}
|-
| {{flagu|France}} || {{flagu|French Polynesia}}, {{flagu|New Caledonia}}, [[French Southern and Antarctic Territories]]
|-
| {{flagu|Kingdom of the Netherlands}} || {{flagu|Curaçao}}, {{flagu|Sint Maarten}} and the [[Caribbean Netherlands]]<ref name=verdragenbank>{{cite web|url=https://verdragenbank.overheid.nl/nl/Verdrag/Details/009189|title=Detailpagina Verdragenbank; Verdrag betreffende het verbod op en de onmiddellijke actie voor de uitbanning van de ergste vormen van kinderarbeid|language=Dutch|accessdate=27 May 2011|work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagu|New Zealand}} || {{flagu|Tokelau}}
|-
| {{flagu|United States}} || {{flagu|American Samoa}}, {{flagu|Guam}}, {{flagu|Northern Mariana Islands}}, {{flagu|Puerto Rico}}, {{flagu|United States Virgin Islands}}
|-
| {{flagu|United Kingdom}} || {{flagu|Anguilla}}, {{flagu|Bermuda}}, {{flagu|British Virgin Islands}}, {{flagu|Gibraltar}}, {{flagu|Isle of Man}}, {{flagu|Jersey}}, {{flagu|Montserrat}}
|}

==Predefined ''worst forms of child labour''==
Convention 182 includes forms of [[child labour]], which are ''predefined'' worst forms of child labour. They are also sometimes referred to as ''automatic'' worst forms of child labour.

The predefined worst forms of child labour are:
*all forms of [[slavery]] or practices similar to slavery, such as<ref name="WFCL">{{cite web |url=http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C182 |title= C182 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 |publisher= International Labour Organization |year= 1999 |accessdate= 25 April 2012}}</ref>
**the sale of a child;
**[[trafficking of children]], meaning the recruitment of children to do work far away from home and from the care of their families, in circumstances within which they are exploited;
**[[debt bondage]] or any other form of [[bonded labour]] or [[serfdom]];
**[[forced labour|forced]] or compulsory labour, including forced or compulsory recruitment of [[military use of children|children for use in armed conflict]];
*[[Commercial sexual exploitation of children]] (CSEC), including the use, procuring or offering of a child for:<ref name="WFCL"/>
**[[Prostitution of children|prostitution]], or
**the production of [[Child pornography|pornography]] or for pornographic performances;
*use, procuring or offering of a child by others for illegal activities, also known as [[children used by adults in the commission of crime]] (CUBAC), including the trafficking or production of drugs<ref name="WFCL"/>
*work by its nature that is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children<ref name="WFCL"/>

==Worst form hazards: To be defined by each ratifying country==
The last category of worst form of child labour is work which by its nature or the circumstances is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children, or Worst Forms of Hazards faced by Children at Work. Here the Convention recommended that the circumstances should be determined in consultation with organisations of employers and workers within a specific country. The Convention recommends that programmes of action should attend specifically to younger children, the girl child, hidden work situation in which girls are at special risk, and other groups of children with special vulnerabilities or needs. [[Worst Forms of Child Labour Recommendation No 190]] contains recommendations on the types of hazards that should be considered to be included within a country-based definition of worst form hazards.This could lead to many deaths.

==Country programmes on WFCL==
Several programs exist (coordinated by the ILO or other UN organisations) to stimulate adherence to the convention:
*Programmes of the [[International Labour Organization]] addressing the worst forms of child labour
**[[Time-Bound Programmes for the Eradication of the Worst forms of Child Labour]];
**[[International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour]];
**Country programmes on [[Commercial sexual exploitation of children]].
The [[Special Rapporteur of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography|Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography]] plays a role in the co-ordination of activities

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*Text of the [http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C182 Convention] and [http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?R190 Recommendation No 190]
*[http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11300:0::NO:11300:P11300_INSTRUMENT_ID:312327 ratifications]
*[http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/childlabour_en.pdf Handbook for parliamentarians: Eliminating the worst forms of child labour] [[ILO]], [[Inter-Parliamentary Union]], 2002
*[http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/ipec/themes/hazard/index.htm ILO Further documents on '''Worst Form Hazards''']
*[http://www.irewoc.nl  International Research on Working Children (IREWOC)]
*[http://www.dol.gov/ilab/reports/child-labor/findings/ Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - U.S. Department of Labor]

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