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From Kazakhstan Encyclopedia

  • ...munitetibektashi.org">{{cite web | author= | title= The World Headquarters of the Bektashi Order&nbsp;– Tirana, Albania | publisher= komunitetibektashi ...sion.gov.iq/usan/en/articledisplay.aspx?gid=1&id=6168|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iraq)]]|access-date=18 April 2012}}</ref><br>
    90 KB (12,776 words) - 17:42, 26 April 2017
  • {{For|the Kazakh television station of the same name|Kazakhstan (channel)}} |conventional_long_name = {{nowrap|Republic of Kazakhstan}}
    135 KB (18,214 words) - 17:43, 26 April 2017
  • ...e Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 1956. Below is a list of the films that have been submitted by Kazakhstan for review by the Academy | ''[[The Fall of Otrar]]''
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  • | name = Cinema of Kazakhstan ...ction_uis>{{cite web|title=Table 1: Feature Film Production - Genre/Method of Shooting|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?
    17 KB (2,403 words) - 17:44, 26 April 2017
  • ...o.uk/releases/mongol-2008-0 | title=''MONGOL'' (15) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=31 March 2009 | accessdate=21 April 2015}}</re * Mongolia}}
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  • | caption = A bottle and glass of kumis ...stication: New Genetic and Archaeological Paradigms | publisher=University of California Press | year=2006 | isbn=0-520-24638-1 | pages=.264}}</ref>
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  • ...nese noodles|the village in Iran|Lamian, Iran|a person from the Greek city of Lamia|Lamia (city)|}} ...an337>{{cite book | last=Serventi | first=Silvano | title=Pasta: The story of a universal food | year=2000 | publisher=Columbia University Press | locati
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  • ...yz cuisine|Kyrgyzstan]], [[Lebanese cuisine|Lebanon]], [[Mongolian cuisine|Mongolia]], [[Syrian cuisine|Syria]], [[Turkish cuisine|Turkey]], [[Tajik cuisine|Ta ...sour milk]] by forming it and letting it dry. It can be made in a variety of forms, including rolled into balls, sliced into strips, and formed into chu
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  • ...Munaitpasov|Kazhymykan Munaitpasov]] not only involved his name in kazakh history, you can also meet his name on world sports' fame list. ...asian participants. When [[Kazakhstan]] gained its independence, popuarity of kazakh wrestling extremely increased. Since 1991, the national championship
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  • ...not banned, it certainly experienced a sharp decline due to reduced number of playing horses under the [[Taliban]] regime. Traditionally, games could las [[Image:Afghan Game Buzkashi.jpg|thumb|right|450px|Game of buzkashi in [[Mazar-i-Sharif]], [[Afghanistan]]]]
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  • == Symbol of communism == ...of the [[Working class|worker's]] hand, as well as the [[Continent#Number of continents|five continents]]. A lesser-known suggestion{{Citation needed|da
    30 KB (4,540 words) - 19:58, 27 April 2017
  • ...owiki/>have lived in countries including [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Mongolia]], [[Uzbekistan]] and [[Tajikistan]]. ...mbers of European Jews began to emigrate to Kyrgyzstan which was then part of the [[Soviet Union]], and a small number still live in that country.
    26 KB (3,693 words) - 19:59, 27 April 2017
  • ...gyzstan, as well as diasporas in [[Bayan-Ölgii Province|Bayan-Ölgii]], [[Mongolia]], and [[Xinjiang]], [[China]]. Though these [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] peop ...language|Kyrgyz]], there are separate terms for those who hunt with birds of prey in general, and those who hunt with eagles.
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  • ...|Republic Square]]; Entrance gate to the Park of the First President; View of the [[Almaty Tower]]. |image_flag = Flag of Almaty.svg
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  • ...al university|research]] [[university]] and largest institution for [[List of educational institutions in Astana|higher education in Astana]]. ...erger with the Academy of Diplomacy of Ministry of International Relations of Kazakhstan in 2000, it was renamed ''L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian State University
    14 KB (1,732 words) - 20:03, 27 April 2017
  • ...nguages]], classification of the [[Turkic alphabets]], and the deciphering of the Turkic [[Orkhon script]]. ...[Anthropology]] and [[Ethnography]], affiliated with the [[Russian Academy of Sciences]].
    7 KB (1,015 words) - 20:03, 27 April 2017
  • | image = [[File:Population of Kazakhstan.PNG|250px]] | caption = Population of Kazakhstan (in millions) from 1950–2009.
    44 KB (4,671 words) - 20:04, 27 April 2017
  • ...c [[Kazakhs]] (66.48%) and ethnic [[Russians]] (20.61%) with a wide array of other groups represented, including [[Ukrainians]], [[Uzbeks]], [[German pe == History ==
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  • ...97, members of the Bai-Uly tribe confederation numbered 600,000, or 16.2% of all Kazakhs. ...e Albani tribe. It has also been suggested that the Alasha are descendents of [[Alans]].
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  • {{about|descendants of Chinese Muslims that left China in the 1800s|Muslims in China that are some ...ндр Николаевич Алексеенко), "Republic in the Mirror of the Population Census" («Республика в зеркале переп
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  • ...azakh population would be 1.1 million. Using the CIA estimate of the share of Kazakhs (3%), the total Kazakh population in Uzbekistan would be 0.8 millio | region6 = {{flag|Mongolia}}
    49 KB (6,714 words) - 20:04, 27 April 2017
  • ...]|Demographics of Uzbekistan|a list of notable people from Uzbekistan|List of Uzbeks}} | ref11 =<ref name="USCB">{{cite web|title=PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES, Universe: Forei
    55 KB (7,944 words) - 20:04, 27 April 2017
  • ...> ''Oralman'' usually come from the neighbouring countries of [[China]], [[Mongolia]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Russia]], [[Kyrgyzstan]] and also from countries with ...|first=Vivian }}</ref> The government prefers to settle them in the north of the country, and offers them more benefits; however, returnees themselves p
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  • ...resents the main [[Kazakh tribes|tribal]] division within the ethnic group of the [[Kazakhs]]. ...southeastern [[Kazakhstan]], northwestern China ([[Xinjiang]]) and parts of [[Uzbekistan]].
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  • ...of Russia, regardless of ethnicity|Citizenship of Russia|and|Demographics of Russia|other uses|Russian (disambiguation)}} ...Conference on Status of Russian Language Abroad|publisher=Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs|date= |accessdate=24 June 2014}}</ref>
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  • ...1 Kultegin's Memorial Complex, TÜRK BITIG]</ref> was a political alliance of nine [[Turkic tribes]] in [[Inner Asia]], during the [[early Middle Ages]]. ...ence', 1967, Ch.5 http://gumilevica.kulichki.net/OT/ot5.htm</ref> The root of the generalized ethnical term "oghuz" is ''og''-, meaning "clan, tribe", wh
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  • ...he was married to Huige's [[Chongde Khan]] as part of the [[Heqin]] system of marriages between Tang princesses and [[Huigu]] khans, but suffered through ...e was Emperor Xianzong's 10th daughter over all.<ref name=BT195>''Old Book of Tang'', [http://www.sidneyluo.net/a/a16/195.htm vol. 195].</ref>
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  • |name = Bar Sauma<br/><small>(Son of Fasting)</small> |church = [[Church of the East|Nestorian Church]]
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  • | succession = [[List of Chagatai Khans|Mogul Khan]] of [[Moghulistan]] | place of burial=
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  • [[File:Xinjiang Space View.jpg|thumb|400px|A satellite view of the Xinjiang region]] ...na-Xinjiang.png|thumb|200px|Xinjiang's location in the [[People's Republic of China]]]]
    347 KB (52,725 words) - 20:04, 27 April 2017
  • ...(Northeastern Turkic)<ref>{{cite book|title=The Mainz Meeting: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Turkish Linguistics, August 3-6, 19 ...h languages are indicated by the term "Yellow Uygur", from the [[endonym]] of the Yugur.
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  • ...({{lang-ug|مقصود شاه|}}), was the Uyghur Jasagh Prince (Qinwang) of the Kumul from 1908 to 1930. |office= Khan of [[Kumul Khanate|Kumul]]
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  • |church = [[Church of the East]] ...f = [[List of Patriarchs of the Church of the East|Patriarch of the Church of the East]]
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  • ...1912)</small><br />Vassal of the [[Republic of China (1912–49)|Republic of China]] <small>(1912–1930)</small> |flag_p1 = Flag of Chagatai khanate.svg
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  • | date of burial = | place of burial =
    9 KB (1,404 words) - 20:04, 27 April 2017
  • ...submitted to [[Emperor Wuzong of Tang|Emperor Wuzong]] after the collapse of the Huigu Khanate in 840 and subsequently served the Tang imperial governme ...he Tang border city of Tiande (天德軍, in modern [[Bayan Nur]], [[Inner Mongolia]]). They traded for food with other non-[[Han Chinese|Han]] tribesmen, whi
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  • ...2016 | last = Wong | first = Edward | title = Modern Life Presents Nomads of China's Steppe With a 'Tragic Choice' }}</ref> ==History==
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  • |caption = Göktürk petroglyphs from Mongolia (6th to 8th century) ...es which would shape the future geolocation, culture, and dominant beliefs of [[Turkic peoples]].
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  • |region1={{flagcountry|People's Republic of China}}<br/> <small>([[Xinjiang|Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]])</small ...0%20&n_page=5 State statistics committee of Ukraine - National composition of population, 2001 census] (Ukrainian)</ref>
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  • |image_flag = Flag of the Eurasian Economic Union.svg |image_symbol = Emblem of the Eurasian Economic Union.svg
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  • | photo_caption = Satellite photograph of the Dzungarian Gate, the pale, [[fault-line]]d valley running between [[Lak | map_caption = The Dzungarian Gate in Kazakhstan on the border of China.
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  • {{About|the capital of Kazakhstan}} |photo2b = Astana, capital of Kazakhstan 02.jpg
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  • ...rian-era]] explorer of [[Inner Asia]], and was the first to catalogue many of the area's native plants. On home soil, Potanin was an author and a politic ...to five years, and during those five years he wrote a book on the history of Siberia.<ref name = "ref1" />
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  • *[[Order of St. George]] (twice) *[[Order of Saint Anna]]
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  • {{About|the mountain|district of Ürümqi|Tianshan District}} | designation1_date = [[List of World Heritage Sites by year of inscription#2013 (37th session)|2013]] <small>(37th [[World Heritage Commit
    19 KB (2,743 words) - 20:51, 27 April 2017
  • |piccap=Map of the Altai mountain range ...99° E, where it gradually becomes lower and merges into the high plateau of the [[Gobi Desert]].
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  • ...ages of the World, An Introduction (2012, Cambridge) has a good discussion of the Altaic hypothesis (pp. 211-216).</ref> ...maps23.php?lan=en |title=Interactive Maps The Altaic Family from The Tower of Babel |publisher=Starling.rinet.ru |date= |accessdate=18 June 2013}}</ref>
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  • |flag = Flag of Altai Republic.svg |flag_caption = Altay ethnic flag, adopted by [[Russia]] as the official flag of the [[Altai Republic]].
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  • ...[[Soviet (council)|Soviet]] authorities ultimately suppressed it for fear of its potential to unify Siberian [[Turkic peoples]] under a common nationali ...ies—becoming increasingly routine, institutionalized (around a hierarchy of oral epic singers), and accommodating itself to the pre-existing Altaian [[
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  • [[File:Tianshan tianchi.jpg|thumb|[[Heaven Lake of Tian Shan]]]] ...ers approximately {{convert|777000|km2|abbr=on}}, extending into western [[Mongolia]] and eastern [[Kazakhstan]]. Formerly the term could cover a wider area,
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  • <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> ...tlement_type =<small>[[Sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China#Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture|Sub-Provincial Autonomous Prefec
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  • | basin_countries = [[Mongolia]], [[China]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Russia]] ...]] in [[Russia]], [[China]], and [[Kazakhstan]]. It is the chief tributary of the [[Ob River]].
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  • ...a]]; the site is close to the borders with [[China]], [[Kazakhstan]] and [[Mongolia]].<ref name="nova">{{cite web Numerous comparable burials have been found in neighboring western Mongolia.
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  • ...he Turbino cemetery in [[Perm]], first excavated in 1924.<ref>A Dictionary of Archaeology, edited by Ian Shaw, Robert Jameson, page 517</ref> ...rst developed agricultural methods.<ref name=Anthony2007/> The development of this metalworking ability appears to have taken place quite quickly.<ref na
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  • [[Image:Mummy of the Ukok Princess.jpg|thumb|200px|Mummy of the [[Siberian Ice Maiden]]]] ...vironment.org/article.php?list=type&type=83 |title=Altai: Saving the Pearl of Siberia
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  • ...ative to the [[Altai Mountains]] in [[Central Asia]], where Russia, China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan meet. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in [[tempera ....signa.org/index.pl?Iris-ludwigii |publisher=signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America) |accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>
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  • | image_caption = A pair of ''Macroolithus yaotunensis'' eggs ...nests consist of large, concentric rings of paired eggs. There is evidence of blue-green pigmentation in its shell, which may have helped camouflage the
    49 KB (6,840 words) - 20:56, 27 April 2017
  • ...e, running through China and [[Kazakhstan]]. As of November 2007, about 1% of the $600 billion in goods shipped from Asia to Europe each year were delive ...e former [[Soviet Union]] use a wider [[rail gauge]] than most of the rest of Europe as well as China. Recently, however, the Trans-Siberian has regained
    52 KB (7,418 words) - 20:57, 27 April 2017
  • ...n Hazrat-e Turkestan, Kazakhstan.jpg|thumb|right|300px|View of [[Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi]]]] ...vel and tourism industry GDP in Kazakhstan is $3.08 billion or 1.6 percent of total GDP. The WEF ranks Kazakhstan 81st in its 2017 report, which four pos
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  • {{About|the series of trade routes|other uses|Silk Road (disambiguation)}} | map_alt = Map of Eurasia with drawn lines for overland and maritime routes
    111 KB (16,649 words) - 20:57, 27 April 2017
  • ...tory]] of the [[Central Asia]] peoples. This work shed light on the origin of the [[Scythians]], [[Sarmatians]], [[Kangar people|Kangars]], [[Alans]], an ...taly, Ismagulov headed an international project for problems of adaptation of high-mountain [[Kazakhstan]] and [[Kyrgyzstan]] populations in respect to e
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  • | range_map_caption = Range of ''A. nipalensis'' {{leftlegend|#0DFF00|Breeding range|outline=gray}}{{leftl ...me=Sangster2002/> two molecular studies, each based on a very small number of genes, indicate that the species are distinct but disagree over how closely
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  • ...dLife International]] |title=''Larus cachinnans'' |journal=[[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] |volume=2014 |page=e.T22735929A62504211 |publisher=[[I ...| last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher= Christopher Helm | location = London | i
    8 KB (1,219 words) - 21:00, 27 April 2017
  • ...ndia]] and [[China]] in swamps and shallow lakes. The nest is a crude heap of vegetation. ...ef name=Wood>{{cite book |last=Wood |first=Gerald |title=The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-85112-235-9}}</ref>
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  • ...lubridæ Aglyphæ, part.'' London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I-XXVIII. (''Zame ...ieri''''', commonly called the '''spotted whip snake''', is a [[species]] of [[snake]] found in [[Western Asia]], [[Central Asia]], and [[South-central
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  • | image= Gloydius halys at Tost-Uul Mount, Mongolia.JPG | image_caption = ''Gloydius halys'' in Southern Mongolia
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  • | image = Meles leucurus - Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology - DSC02498.JPG ...also known as the '''sand badger''' is a species of [[badger]] native to [[Mongolia]], [[China]], [[Kazakhstan]], the [[Korean Peninsula]] and [[Russia]].
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  • ...r6=Henttonen, H. | title=''Micromys minutus''| journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species| volume= 2008|publisher = [[IUCN]] | year = 2008 | page | range_map = Distribution of Micromys minutus Map.png
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  • {{distinguish2|other subspecies / ecotypes of Asiatic Wild asses like the Persian onager, Indian khur, or Turkmen kulan}} | image_caption = Mongolian wild asses in the [[Gobi Desert]], [[Mongolia]].
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  • | authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]] ...cally endangered</ref> Their name comes from the ancient historical region of [[Bactria]].<ref name="netindustries">{{cite web|url=http://science.jrank.o
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  • ...ww.iucnredlist.org/details/15733/0 ''Ovis ammon'' (Argali)]. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1.</ref> | authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
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  • ...5 = Wang Yuezhao | title = ''Bufotes pewzowi'' | journal = [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume= 2015 | page = e.T161757A74503748 | publisher ...mes&taxon=Bufotes+pewzowi ''Bufotes pewzowi''], American Museum of Natural History</ref>
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  • | image_caption = Matured red and fleshy cones of ''E.&nbsp;monosperma'' ...'' or '''dan zi ma huang''' (in Chinese), is small [[shrub]] in the family of [[Ephedraceae]].
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  • ...Den virtuella Floran, Ryssnarv, Naturiska Rikismuseet, Museum of Natural History, Stockholm]</ref> ...irs. Leaves are broad, up to 35 mm long. Flowers occur singly or in groups of 2-5. Petals are white, up to 6 mm long, generally twice as long as the sepa
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  • ...rennial plant|perennial]], from [[Russia]], [[Siberia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Mongolia]] and [[China]], with sickle-shaped leaves, slender stem and 2 bright or pa ...e=1 May 2015}}</ref> On top of the rhizome, are the brown, fibrous remains of old leaves.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=onego/><ref name=british/><ref name
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  • ...wide distribution range from [[Europe]] to [[Russia]] to [[China]], via [[Mongolia]] and [[Kazakhstan]]. It has sword-shaped leaves, a short stem and yellow f ...ly from central Europe. In some sources it is still listed as a subspecies of ''Iris humilis''.
    22 KB (3,258 words) - 21:01, 27 April 2017
  • ...two separate species again. Although some sources still call it a synonym of ''Iris scariosa''. ...ick and nodular. It has the fibrous remains of last seasons leaves, on top of the rhizome.<ref name=lesnoj>{{cite web |first=M. |last=Silanteva |title=Ir
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  • ...omic Revision of the Paeonia anomala Complex (Paeoniaceae)|journal= Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden|volume= 91|issue= 1|pages= 87–98|jstor= 329 ...gin of a diploid hybrid of Paeonia (Paeoniaceae)|journal= American Journal of Botany|volume= 94|pages= 400–408|pmid= 21636409|doi=10.3732/ajb.94.3.400}
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  • ...Asia borders4.png|thumb|250px|Map of '''Central Asia''' showing three sets of possible [[Eurasia]]n boundaries for the region]] ...(1918–1991). Central Asian SSRs declared independence in 1991. In terms of area, it is nearly synonymous with [[Russian Turkestan]], the name for the
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  • |conflict=Mongol invasion of Central Asia |territory=Mongol Empire gains control of the Qara Khitai and Khwarezmia
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  • |flag_s1 = Flag of Kazakhstan.svg ||<!--- Titles and names of the first and last leaders and their deputies --->
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  • |conflict=[[Mongol]] conquest of Khwarezmia |partof=the [[Mongol invasion of Central Asia]]
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  • ...tan.png|thumb|right|300px|alt=World map, with Kazakhstan in green|Location of Kazakhstan in [[Central Asia]]]] {{History of Kazakhstan}}
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  • ...to 600 A.D.|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1170959|journal=Social Science History|volume=3|issue=3/4|page=129|doi=10.2307/1170959|last1=Taagepera|first1=Rein ...ption = Greatest extent of the Western Turkic Khaganate after the [[Battle of Bukhara]]
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  • {{History of the Turks pre-14th century}} ...h century. They are noted for founding three of the five dynasties and one of the kingdoms during the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period]].
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  • |conflict=Mongol conquest of the Qara Khitai |partof=the [[Mongol invasion of Central Asia]]
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  • |conflict=Conquest of the Western Turks *Dissolution of the Western Turkic Khaganate
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  • |event_pre = Fall of [[Liao dynasty]] ...age|Old Uyghur]]<ref>Rene Grousset, ''The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia'', (Rutgers University Press, 1991), 165.</ref>{{sfn|Janhunen|
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  • | Altay, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Caucasia, Mongolia, Northern China | Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Caucasia, Eastern Turkestan, Crimea, coast of Volga
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  • {{Other uses|Treaty of Saint Petersburg (disambiguation)}} ...2–77)|Dungan Revolt]] up to 1881.<ref>{{cite book|title=Historical Atlas of the 19th Century World, 1783-1914|url=|year=1998|publisher=Barnes & Noble B
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  • The following is a '''list of [[Khazars|Khazar]] rulers'''. ...arig]]||style="text-align:center;"| ||align="left"|Eponymous folk-ancestor of the [[Khazars]]
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  • *Kingdom of Khazaria |image_p2 = <span style="margin-left: 3px;>[[File:The Monogram of Kubrat.png|26px|link=Old Great Bulgaria]]</span>
    176 KB (25,696 words) - 22:30, 27 April 2017
  • |caption = Location of the Naiman khanate at the start of the [[Mongol Empire]]. |languages = [[Naiman subdialect]] of [[Mongolic languages]], [[Turkic languages|Turkic]]<ref name="https://books
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  • | parties = [[List of parties to the Kyoto Protocol|192]]<ref>http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/st | depositor =[[Secretary-General of the United Nations]]
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  • ...ion on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction ...ref name=untc/> ([[List of parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention|List of state parties]])<br /><small>Four UN states are not party: Egypt, Israel, N
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  • ...s close link between peace, security and stability in Asia and in the rest of the world. ...President [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] on 5 October 1992, at the 47th Session of the [[United Nations General Assembly]].
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  • |post = Ambassador of Australia to the Russian Federation |insignia = Coat of Arms of Australia.svg
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  • ...л.) ISBN 5-88439-093-9</ref><ref name="Ann">[[Anne Applebaum]] ''Gulag: A History'', Doubleday, April 2003, ISBN 0-7679-0056-1; page 431.[http://www.anneappl ...Surrender: Japanese POWs of World War II]". Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 2003. ISBN 978-0-295-98336-3.</ref> The Soviet Union held
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