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'''Mukhtar Omarkhanuli Auezov''' ({{lang-kz|Мұхтар Омарханұлы Әуезов}}, Muxtar Omarxanulı Äwezov, مۇحتار ومارحانۇلى اۋەزوۆ, {{IPA-kk|mʊχtʰɑr uʊmɑrχɑ́nʊlə æwi̯ɘ́zəf}}; {{lang-ru|Мухта́р Омарханович Ауэ́зов}}, ''Muchtar Omarchanovič Auezov'') (September 28, 1897 — June 27, 1961) was a [[Kazakh people|Kazakh]] writer, a [[social activist]], a Doctor of [[Philology]], a professor and honored academic of the [[Soviet Union]] (1946). He was born on September 28, 1897 in the old town of [[Semey]] in Kaskabulak, where he spent all his childhood.

He grew up under the spiritual influence of the poet [[Abay Qunanbayuli|Abai]]. His father and grandfather Omarkhan Auez both highly revered the poet, a neighbor and friend of the family. His grandfather was a storyteller of folk tales, and taught his grandson to read and write; he also instilled within Mukhtar a love of literature, and the poetry of Abai.<ref>Mukhtar Auezov. The path of Abai. //Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty: "Zhazushy",2009. — pages 366–374. — ISBN 978-601-200-198-3.</ref>

== Life and family ==
Auezov was born into a nomadic family from what is today [[Abay District, East Kazakhstan|Abay District, in East Kazakhstan Province]]. His grandfather taught him to read and write. Auezov was then educated at the [[Semey|Semipalatinsk]] Teacher's Seminary and [[Saint Petersburg State University|Leningrad State University]].

Auezov is best known for his plays. The first play he authored was ''Enlik-Kebek'', a story of two young lovers which bears a great resemblance to [[Romeo and Juliet]]. He authored more than twenty plays which dealt with issues relevant to [[Socialism]] in [[Kazakhstan]].

After writing plays, Auezov changed his focus to writing novels. Two novels – ''Abay'' and ''The Path of Abay'' – dealing with the life of Kazakh poet [[Abay Qunanbayuli]] were the product of the last twenty years of his life.<ref>[http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/bashiri/Authors/Authors.html Iraj Bashiri, Biographies: Central Asia and Iran]</ref>

Auezov's other projects included drawing and translating literature into the [[Kazakh language]]. Some translations made by him include [[Nikolai Gogol]]'s ''[[The Government Inspector]]'' and [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]'s ''[[The Taming of the Shrew]]''.

Mukhtar first studied in Kaskabulak, then later a Muslim [[madrasa]] in [[Semipalatinsk]]. At age of eleven he moved to a nearby, five year grammar school. Mukhtar was extremely diligent and curious student who was respected by classmates and teachers.

His father Omarkhan died in 1900, and his mother Nurzhamal in 1912. The young Mukhtar was raised by his uncle Kasymbek and his grandfather Auez and grandmother Dinas.  In 1907, after a year of study in the [[madrasa]], he was sent to the large [[Russian language|Russian]] school in [[Semipalatinsk]].

Mukhtar Auezov attended the Semipalatinsk Pedagogical [[Seminary]] after graduating from the City College. In the 1912–1913 academic year, Mukhtar finished the first seminary class with an award, and went on to complete his studies at the Semipalatinsk Seminary in 1919. Around this time he began his acquaintance with Russian and other foreign classics of literature. At the same time Auezov wrotes short stories, poems and articles that began to be published.

"The young Auezov, according to the testimonies of the pedagogues, was marked for his impeccable attention, extraordinary gifts, slim build and aristocratic slef-belief. He was an extraordinary sportsman and represented “Yarysh F C”, which at the time was the best football team in the city."<ref>[http://www.auezov.kz Mukhtar Auezov Fund. The autobiography and letters]</ref>{{dead link|date=February 2017}}

Mukhtar Auezov joined the faculty of a large state school, and he also worked holding various positions in the local government in Semipalatinsk with the Kazakh Central Executive Committee and in [[Orenburg]].

In the summer of 1917 year Auezov married a 15-year-old girl named Raihan. Together they had a daughter born in 1918 who they named Mugamilya (she lived until 2009), and a year later in 1919 a son (who died in infancy). In 1920 Auezov divorced.

In 1928 Mukhtar Auezov graduated from the Philological Faculty of Leningrad State University, and completed his PhD at the University of Tashkent. During the 1930s  his fruitful activities as a professional writer began to take off. He traveled around the world, meeting new people, and exploring life.

Mukhtar Auezov died during an operation in [[Moscow]] on 27 June 1961. He was buried in the [[Central Cemetery]], [[Almaty]] on his grave there stands a bust created by [[Yevgeny Vuchetich]].

After his death in 1961, the Government of the Republic [[Kazakhstan]] decided to perpetuate the name of the writer. The Institute of Literature and Art of the Academy of Sciences, was renamed as the Auezov Institute of Literature and Art of the Academy of Sciences, Kazakh State Academic Drama Theatre also bears his name, and a literary memorial museum is named after him as are a school, a street and an urban area in [[Almaty]].

== Writings ==
Auezov with his creativity rose to the highest level within Kazakh literature. His writings belong to different  [[genres]], he wrote numerous essays, short stories, and plays (many translated into other languages,) published many informative articles and lectured at universities.

In 1917 while he was studying at seminary he wrote “Enilik-Kebek" a play based on folk legends.  The "Enilik-Kebek" play and the story "Korgansyzdyn kuni", which was written in 1921 demonstrated to the world his great talent as a writer. 
From 1923 he began to devote all his energy to the literary arts and to work productively. In the period 1923–1926 he authored stories such as "Okygan azamat", "Kyr suretteri", "Uilenu", "Eskilik kolenkesinde", "Kinamshil boizhetken", "Karaly sulu".

During the period 1923–1928 years he studied and then graduated from  [[Leningrad University]] in the Faculty of Language and Literature. During the last two years of his studis  In  [[Leningrad]]  (St. Petersburg), he wrote two highly acclaimed novels: "Karash-karash" and "Kokserek".

Auezov began to contemplate the themes of Kazakh history very deeply. His fixation with history is demonstrated in his works "Enilik-Kebek", "Khan Kene", "Kily zmaan", "Aiman – Sholpan", and "Karakypshak Kobylandy."
For 20 years he devoted himself to prose and plays, which have become classics of Kazakh literature. In the thirties, he wrote a series of stories, such as: "Kasennin kubylystary", "Izder", "Shatkalan", "Kum men Askar", "Burtkiwi", and plays like" Aiman-Sholpan", "Tas tilek", "Shekarada", "Tungi saryn".

In 1936 he published a piece of prose called "Tatiananyn kyrdagy ani" in the Kazakh press "Kazak adebieti", that was section from the future novel of the same name. Some years after that(around 1940), with the cooperation of  [[Leonid Sobolev]], he wrote the "Abai"  [[tragedy]] . 
The great scientist and teacher, Auezov, worked on the history of  Kazakhs literature, and  the training of personnel. He was the founder of the Abai studies, and the principal author and editor of the multivolume "Kazak adebiet Tarihy". He also wrote a monograph on the Kyrgyz  epic Manas.

After the Abai Joly epic, he began writing a new, large-scale epic that described a new era in the future. His first book of that period is called "Osken orken" and was first published posthumously in 1962. 
A period of blooming of Kazakh drama is associated with the works of Auezov. He wrote over twenty plays, and translated such classic works of world and Russian drama as "[[The Inspector]]" by [[Gogol]], [[Othello]] and [[The Taming of the Shrew]] 'by [[Shakespeare]], Aristocrats by [[Nikolai Pogodin]], Spring Love by [[Konstantin Trenyov]], and Officer of the Navy by A. Kron.

In 1960, together with a group of [[Soviet writers]], he visited the United States. In the summer of 1960 he started work on the series of essays named “The American Impressions”. From mid-summer 1960, he began work on the novel named “The Young Tribe”.
In March 1961, Auezov  embarked on a visit to India that included participation in the work of the III International Congress for Peace in [[Delhi]] together with a delegation headed by [[Nikolai Tikhonov]]. In June of that same year he planned to visit England, the land of [[Shakespeare]], but his untimely death meant that his wish to travel to England did not occur. On June 3, 1961 he travelled to [[Moscow]] for medical tests. On June 27, 1961 – his heart failed during a [[surgical operation]].<ref>Mukhtar Auezov. The path of Abai. //Republic of Kazakhstan, almaty: "Zhazushy",2009. — pages 366–374. — ISBN 978-601-200-198-3.</ref>

== "Abai Zholy" (The path of Abai) ==

The first 20 years of life of M.Auezov resemble the childhood, adolescence and youth of his favorite poet and spiritual guide – Abai. Subsequently, in a famous epic, he described the same steppe, the same village, and the same social environment as experienced by Abai.

In his formative years, Mukhtar listened to the memories of his grandfather that told of Abai and  Kunanbay. The destiny of Mukhtar Auezov was linked by many threads to the life of Abai the hero great inspiration of his life. Abai himself graced family celebrations, arranged for Auez to mark the birth of his grandson. Nurganym, one of the wives of Kunanbai father of Abai, was the sister of Auez.

Mukhtar later became friends with the son of Abai Turagulom and married Camille, granddaughter of the great poet, that is the daughter of Magauov.
Auezov met Dilda, the first wife of Abai with whom he received a great deal of information. More information about Abai was forthcoming from Eigerim another of Abai’s life partners who survived her husband for more than a decade.

Mukhtar Omarhanuly for 15 years wrote his famous four volume epic historical novel called "Abai Joly". It was translated into [[Russian language|Russian]]. In 1949 two books of the novel "Abai" received the first level award of the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]]. This epic, which ended with four books, was awarded the [[Lenin prize]]. was translated into 30 languages, and received rave reviews from readers all over the world.

"Abai Zholy"  is one of the most popular and valuable novels written by Mukhtar Auezov. The first book of the series was published in 1942 and after five years in 1947 “Abai” the second of the series was published, then came the third book in 1952 called “Abai aga” (Brother Abai). Finally fourth book was released in 1956. Later all of the books were repackaged and renamed as “Abai zholy” (The Path of Abai).
First book and second books each have 7 chapters and one epilogue. Third book has 6 chapters as has the Fourth and one epilogueThe entire epic is divided into 20 short chapters each of which includes uniquely interesting situations.

Each chapter’s name precisely demonstrates the psychological state of the events within the story. 
If we compare there is much more [[drama]], [[tragedy]], sadness and sorrow than positive and happy moments. In first book we can clearly see how the young and inexperienced boy grows up and in the end of the fourth book we see how he became an adult and changed and who ultimately fails.<ref>Kazakh culture, reference encyclopedia. Almaty: “Aruna Ltd.” 2005 ISBN 9965-26-095-8</ref>

Mukhtar Auezov wrote the libretto of the opera ''[[Abai (opera)|Abai]]''.

== Filmography ==
* "Raihan" – 1940, Film of 8 parts. Studio, "[[thumbnail]]". Screenplay: M. Auezov; Director: M.Levin.; Operator: H.Nazaryants Cast: E.Omirzakov, D.Bokeeva, S.Kozhamkulov.
* "Abai әnderі" – 1945. Film in 10 parts. Studio "[[Kazakhfilm]]". Screenplay: M.Auezov, G. Roshal.; Director: G.Roshal; Operator: G.Pyshkova; Artist: K.Hodzhikov; Cast: K.Kuanyshpaev, K.Badyrov, Sh.Aymanov, S.Kozhamkulov.
* "Shyndagy Shynar" – 1966. Film in 10 parts. Studio "[[Kazakhfilm]]". Screenplay: K.Muhamedzhanov; Director: S.Hodzhikov; Operator: A.Ashrapov; Cast: S.Panov, G.Adilova, N.Zhanturin, Y.Nogaybaev.
* "Caras-Caras" – 1969. Studio "[[Kazakhfilm]]" zhane "Kyrғyzfilm". Screenplay: Akim Tarazi; Director: B.Shamshiev; Cast: S.Chokmorov, S.Zhumadylov, M.Ryskulov, B.Kydykeeva
* "Kokserek" – 1973. Studio "[[Kazakhfilm]]". Screenplay: A.Mihalkov-Konchalovsky, E.Tropinin; Director: T.Okeev; Operator: K.Kydyraliev ;Cast: S.Chokmorov, K.Ualiev, K. Sataev
* "Caral sulu" – 1982.Studio "[[Kazakhfilm]]". Writer, director: E.Shynarbaev; Cast: N.Arynbasarova, N.Zhanturin
* "Abai" 1995. Studio "[[Kazakhfilm]]". Screenplay: A.Amirkulov, L.Ahynzhanova, A.Baranov, S.Aprymov; Director: A.Amirkulov.; Operator: A. Suleev. Composer: Kuat Shildebaev; Cast: G.Turykbaev, T.Zhamankulov, B.Rimova, F.Zhantileuova <ref>[http://www.auezov.kz/en/node/357 Mukhtar Auezov Fund. Filmography]</ref>

== Awards ==

*1945 – [[Medal "For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"]] 
*1948 –The Medal "In Memory of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow"
*1949 – [[Order of the Badge of Honour]]
*1955, 1959 – deputy of the [[Supreme Soviet]] of the [[Kazakh SSR]]
*1957 – The title "The Honored Figure of Science of the Kazakh SSR"
*1959 – The [[Lenin Prize]] for the novel-dialog ''The Way of Abai''
<ref>[http://www.auezov.kz/en/node/373 Mukhtar Auezov Fund. Awards]</ref>

== Diplomas and certificates ==

*1946 – The Diploma of Doctor of Science (the scientific degree of doctor of science (philology)
*1946 – The Certificate of Professor (Professor at the Chair of “Kazakh literature”)
*1946 – The Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR.
*1953 – The Certificate of Professor of the Moscow State University after M.V.Lomonosov
<ref>[http://www.auezov.kz/en/node/373 Mukhtar Auezov Fund. Diplomas]</ref>

== Works==

''Frantisek Soukup, Czech Republic''

Mukhtar Auezov novel "Abai" can only partly be seen as an artistic biography of the great Kazakh educator and founder of Kazakh poetry realistic – [[Abai Kunanbayev]]. The value of this [[biographical novel]] is much more – it is a genuine literary encyclopedia of life, customs and culture of [[Kazakhs]]…

''Ondrej Maruschyak, Slovakia''

[[Kazakhstan|Kazakh]] nature, the Kazakh national character, the nature and form of the Kazakh national life and consciousness, noble international pathos beginning of revolutionary changes and the implementation of modern features are the main themes of literary creativity Mukhtar Auezov.

''Alfred Kurella, Germany''

Novel "Abai" – an historical novel set in the last century tells of the fate of historical figures ... We see a whole nation at a pivotal historical period ... The hero goes through all aspects of Kazakh life, and in the comprehensive entirety of this story is the value of the book as historical novel ... high tension, the tragic situation, the abundance of events play a huge role in the novel.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://expat.nursat.kz/?3207 Almaty Expatriate Site Biography of Auezov]
*[http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/bashiri/Authors/Authors.html Authors' Corner Biography of Auezov]
*[http://www.auezov.kz Site Biography of Auezov]

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[[Category:1897 births]]
[[Category:1961 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Abay District, East Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:People from Semipalatinsk Oblast]]
[[Category:Kazakh-language writers]]
[[Category:Soviet writers]]
[[Category:Opera librettists]]
[[Category:Kazakhstani male writers]]
[[Category:Kazakhstani dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Kazakhstani short story writers]]
[[Category:Soviet male writers]]
[[Category:Male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Male short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Soviet dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Soviet short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century short story writers]]
[[Category:Kazakhstani novelists]]
[[Category:Soviet novelists]]
[[Category:Male novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century novelists]]