Difference between revisions of "Aisha Bibi"

From Kazakhstan Encyclopedia

(→‎References: Remove refs that are no longer in existence (even at archive.org); update others)
 
(Платим за лайки! - Оплата по требованию!)
 
(6 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
{{Infobox Historic building
+
Наш сервис предоставляет настоящие лайки на фото заказчиков, которые готовы платить за качество.  
−
|image=Aisha_bibi.png
+
−
|caption=the restored mausoleum of Aisha Bibi
+
Именно для этого мы и набираем удалённых сотрудников, которые будут выполнять работу, то есть ставить лайки и зарабатывать за это деньги.  
−
|name= Aisha Bibi Mausoleum
+
   
−
|location_town=Aisha Bibi
+
Чтобы стать нашим удалённым сотрудником и начать ставить лайки, зарабатывая при этом 45 рублей за 1 поставленный лайк,  
−
|location_country=Kazakhstan
+
   
−
|architect=
+
достаточно просто зарегистрироваться на нашем сервисе. > http://oplata-vklike.tk/ <  
−
|client=
+
   
−
|engineer=
+
Вывод заработанных средств ежедневно в течении нескольких минут.
−
|construction_start_date=
+
−
|completion_date=
+
−
|date_demolished=
+
−
|cost=
+
−
|structural_system=
+
−
|style= Islamic
+
−
 
+
−
}}
+
−
   
+
−
The '''Aisha-Bibi''' ({{lang-kz|Айша бибі}}) is an 11th or 12th-century mausoleum for a [[Nobility|noble]] woman located in the village of Aisha Bibi, {{Convert|18|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of [[Taraz]], Kazakhstan on the [[Silk Road]]. It is locally famous as a monument to love and faithfulness.
+
−
 
+
−
== Design ==
+
−
According to legend, the mausoleum was built by a [[Karakhanid|Karakhanid Dynasty]] ruler for his beautiful fiancée Aisha-Bibi, a daughter of [[Sufi]] poet [[Khakim-Ata]]. Matching the legend, the mausoleum looks light, well-proportioned, and delicate.  The mausoleum's [[architectural]] forms and decoration are reminiscent of fine lace. The whole building is covered with carved [[terracotta]] tiles using 60 different floral geometric patterns and stylized calligraphy.<ref>Kervan 2002</ref> Aisha Bibi is a direct stylistic descendant of [[Samanid Mausoleum]] in [[Bukhara]].<ref>Kervan, 2002</ref> 
+
−
 
+
−
=== Site ===
+
−
Aisha Bibi is part of a larger complex. Ten meters away is a second mausoleum called Babaji Khatun ("wise queen"), and across the road is a sacred limestone cavern.  Together with a garden area and parking lot they form the national monument.
+
−
The complex is sited on a ridge overlooking the Taraz oasis from the west.
+
−
 
+
−
===Typology===
+
−
The entire mausoleum is covered with terracotta panels which help to create the illusion of masslessness typical in Islamic architecture.  The terracotta decoration also uses light and shadow rather than color, a pre-Mongol style. Functionally, this type of decoration scatters the light so the viewer is not blinded as he might be from a smooth light colored wall in full sun. The Columns on the corner are shaped after wooden columns used extensively in Soghdian pre-Islamic architecture.  There is a band of calligraphy at the point of constriction in each column.  In general they describe the beauty of Aisha Bibi and of love in general. One of the old [[distich]]s reads: "Autumn... Clouds... The Earth is beautiful".
+
−
 
+
−
===Materials===
+
−
Sauran clay was used to make the bricks in both the original and restored Aisha Bibi.<ref name="Lebedev, 2002">Lebedev, 2002</ref>
+
−
 
+
−
== History ==
+
−
[[Image:Bibi khatum.png|thumb|180px||left|Mausoleum of Bibi Khanum adjacent to Aisha Bibi]]
+
−
 
+
−
{{cquote|
+
−
There was just an hour to go for 16-year-old beauty Aisha-bibi to meet with her lover. But a tragedy cut the life of the girl… She had estimated herself worthy to marry the Emir of Taraz, and left her home Otrar with her nurse. At the end of their voyage, the two women stopped at the edge of the Talas River to refresh themselves.  It is there that bit by a snake, Aysha lost her life.  The Emir, informed at the same time of the mission of the young woman and her fine tragedy, came in haste to collect its last sigh and ordered the construction of this tomb.  Today nobody can say what color her eyes were. Nobody remembers her voice, habits, and warmth of her hands. But we know the main thing about her: she loved and was beloved.
+
−
|20px
+
−
|20px
+
−
|Kamila Erbol
+
−
}}
+
−
 
+
−
===Current use===
+
−
The site has been venerated since the Middle Ages. Local women from the Taraz Oasis still pray for children and a happy family. It is customary for newlyweds in Taraz to have their union blessed by the dead lovers. Their ritual reenacts the myth. After the ceremony the wedding party retraces Karakhan's journey from Taraz to the site of his fiancée's death. The journey begins at [[Karakhan Mausoleum]] in Taraz and ends at the Aisha Bibi, at each location the bride and groom venerate the dead lovers and ask for their blessing.
+
−
 
+
−
Russian archeologist [[Vasily Bartold|V. V. Bartold]] was the first scientist to record and study the ruins in 1893.<ref>keravan, 2005</ref>  The [[Soviet Union]] built a protective glass shell to preserve the monument (c 1960) and used it for the education of students in Taraz and tourism. In 2002, the Republic of [[Kazakhstan]] paid Nishan Rameto to restore the Aisha Bibi and built the park infrastructure around it.<ref name="Lebedev, 2002"/>
+
−
 
+
−
== Images ==
+
−
 
+
−
<gallery caption="Aisha Bibi Details" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
+
−
image:Aisha_bib_elevation.png| Elevation
+
−
image:Aisha_bibi_corner_detail.png| Corner Column
+
−
image:Aisha_bibi_arch_detail.png| Two-Center Arch
+
−
image:Aisha_bibi_squinch.png| Detail of [[Squinch]]
+
−
image:Aisha_bibi_tile_detail.png| Facade Tile
+
−
image:Aisha_bibi_tile_detail_two.png| Column Tile
+
−
image:Bibi_khatum_elevation.png| Elevation
+
−
image:Cupola_detail_bibib_kkhatum.png| Cupola Detail
+
−
image:Aisha_bib_plan.svg| Plan 1'''m'''=20'''mm'''
+
−
</gallery>
+
−
 
+
−
== See also ==
+
−
[[Samanid mausoleum]]
+
−
 
+
−
== Notes ==
+
−
<references/>
+
−
 
+
−
== References ==
+
−
{{commonscat|Aisha Bibi}}
+
−
*{{cite web
+
−
  | last =
+
−
  | first =
+
−
  | authorlink =
+
−
  | coauthors =
+
−
  | title = Aisha-Bibi Mausoleum 
+
−
  | work =
+
−
  | publisher = Oriental Express Central Asia
+
−
  | date =
+
−
  | url = http://kazakhstan.orexca.com/taraz_kazakhstan.shtml
+
−
  | doi =
+
−
  | accessdate = 17 January 2017| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060624183245/http://www.kazakhstan.orexca.com/taraz_kazakhstan.shtml| archivedate= 24 June 2006 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}
+
−
*{{Citation
+
−
  | last = Kervan
+
−
  | first = Monique
+
−
  | author-link =
+
−
  | last2 =
+
−
  | first2 =
+
−
  | author2-link =
+
−
  | title = Un monument baroque dans les steppes du Kazakhstan : Le tombeau d'Örkina Khatun, princesse Chaghatay?
+
−
  | journal = Arts Asiatiques
+
−
  | volume = 57
+
−
  | issue =
+
−
  | pages = 5–32
+
−
  | date =
+
−
  | year = 2002
+
−
  | url = http://abstractairanica.revues.org/document6163.html
+
−
  | doi =
+
−
  | issn = 0004-3958}}
+
−
*{{cite web
+
−
  | last =
+
−
  | first =
+
−
  | authorlink =
+
−
  | coauthors =
+
−
  | title = History & Ethnography  
+
−
  | work =
+
−
  | publisher = Samdol Travel Company
+
−
  | date =
+
−
  | url = http://sadmol.com/en/index.php?page=history
+
−
  | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20120415072327/http://sadmol.com/en/index.php?page=history
+
−
  | archivedate = 15 April 2012
+
−
  | format =
+
−
  | doi =
+
−
  | accessdate = 17 January 2017}}
+
−
 
+
−
== Further reading ==
+
−
*{{cite book
+
−
  | last = Knobloch
+
−
  | first = Edgar
+
−
  | authorlink =
+
−
  | coauthors =
+
−
  | title = Monuments of Central Asia: A Guide to the Archaeology, Art and Architecture of Turkestan
+
−
  | publisher = I.B. Tauris
+
−
  | year = 2001
+
−
  | location =
+
−
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?client=firefox-a&id=gUY_AAAAMAAJ&dq=architecture+of+central+asia&q=architecture+of+central+asia&pgis=1#search
+
−
  | doi =
+
−
  | id =
+
−
  | isbn = 1-86064-590-9
+
−
  | page = 246}}
+
−
 
+
−
{{coord|42|50|01|N|71|12|37|E|type:landmark|display=title}}
+
−
 
+
−
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in the 12th century]]
+
−
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kazakhstan]]
+
−
[[Category:Mausoleums in Kazakhstan]]
+
−
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in the 11th century]]
+
−
[[Category:Jambyl Region]]
+
−
[[Category:Central Asia]]
+

Latest revision as of 20:28, 30 July 2017

Наш сервис предоставляет настоящие лайки на фото заказчиков, которые готовы платить за качество.

Именно для этого мы и набираем удалённых сотрудников, которые будут выполнять работу, то есть ставить лайки и зарабатывать за это деньги.

Чтобы стать нашим удалённым сотрудником и начать ставить лайки, зарабатывая при этом 45 рублей за 1 поставленный лайк,

достаточно просто зарегистрироваться на нашем сервисе. > http://oplata-vklike.tk/ <

Вывод заработанных средств ежедневно в течении нескольких минут.

Retrieved from "http://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php?title=Aisha_Bibi&oldid=16508"